Marspedia - User contributions [en]

Ethanol

2013-04-29T14:31:42Z

Spriditis: added formula

'''Ethanol''', [[carbon|C]]2[[hydrogen|H]]5[[oxygen|O]]H, is the most common [[alcohol]]. It is a mild [[depressant]] when ingested, and is a common ingredient in many beverages. Besides its recreational use, ethanol is important to many [[industry|industries]] and [[food preservation]].

==Production==
===Fermentation===
Ethanol is easily produced from [[sugars]] by [[yeast]] through [[fermentation]].

===Artificial Production===
[[Ethylene]] is hydrated to produce ethanol.

==Use==
===Recreation===
Ingestion of ethanol in [[food]] or drink causes intoxication. It is a mild depressant, and impares judgement and reduces inhibitions. Managed use of ethanol may be used to raise [[morale]]. Ethanol ingestion will likely be restricted heavily in a [[settlement]] due to the risk to oneself and others.

===Food Preservation===
Ethanol is used to preserve [[fruits]] and other foods.

===Industrial Use===
Ethanol is useful as a [[fuel]]. In contrast to most other chemical [[energy]] sources, ethanol is relatively non-toxic and unreactive.

Ethanol is an effective [[solvent]] for many chemicals.

[[category:chemistry]]

Railroad

2013-03-10T14:40:47Z

Spriditis: minor typo in "are uses"

'''Railroad''' is a commonly used transportation system on [[Earth]], and it can be used on [[Mars]] as well. [[Iron]] as the main construction material is abundant on the Martian surface. Compared with most other transportation systems, the railroad is basically [[hi-tech versus lo-tech|lo-tech]] and can, therefore, be maintained with low effort.

Compared with [[rover]]s a railroad system is rather inflexible, but it can have an advantage for frequently used ways. On the long run it allows energy optimized transport. No batteries or fuels are necessary if electrical engines are used. Especially for driverless material transport it can be a central part of the [[settlement]]'s infrastructure.

==Use cases==

===The transport of a maintenance team===
Peripheral parts of a Martian settlement might be several kilometers away from the [[house|living quarters]]. [[Energy]] generating stations (e.g. [[solar panel]]s, [[wind turbine]]s) are spread over a large area. A light weight railroad system reduces the maintenance costs on the long run.

===Transportation in tunnels===
Parts of the colony will be underground. During [[mining]] activities a railroad system provides a comfortable transportation of material and persons over long underground distances.

===Connection between two settlements===
Railroad covers both short and long distances. Even in the far future with more than one settlement on Mars, people will still be interested in efficient transportation systems. Only a magnetic levitation system might have a better energy balance.

==Open issues==
*Can the railroad be built lighter because of the lower [[gravity]], or is the inertia of the train the main parameter?
*How much [[energy]] is needed under Martian conditions to produce 1 km railroad?

[[Category: Lo-tech]]
[[Category: Transport]]

MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown

2013-03-07T23:10:25Z

Spriditis: Added reason "spam"

*Common delete reasons
** Author request
** Copyright violation
** Vandalism
** Spam

Deletion

2013-02-10T18:38:41Z

Spriditis: restoring 4 deletion edits

Although we want to have all material due to [[Main_Page#Marspedia Policies|Marspedia Policies]] there are some cases making the deletion of articles, images or categories necessary. These are:

* Somebody creates an article, image or category with a misspelled name inadvertently. When she/he becomes aware of it, she/he wants to get rid of it.
* Two articles on the same subject are merged. Usually a [[Marspedia:Redirection|redirection]] is the right thing to do, but in certain cases one of the names might be useless.
* A category might become useless after a change in the [http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Main category tree].
* An article, picture or category has been posted by a vandal.
* An article or picture has been created (maybe unwittingly) in violation of copyright.

Anybody can nominate an article, image or category for deletion by just listing it in the appropriate section below. The deletion itself can only be done by a user with sysop permission. The deletion log can be viewed [http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=delete&user=&page= here].

==Articles for deletion==
*<del>[[Create an Article to this category]] (obviously inadvertently created)</del> -- article removed by [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 13:29, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
* <del>[[Marspedia:Privacy policy]] (gibberish vandalism)</del> -- article removed by [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 02:41, 10 November 2007 (UTC).
*<del>[[Atmsopheric processing]] -- Typo. Contents moved. Now it is a useless redirection page.</del> -- article with name typo deleted by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 03:59, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
*<S>[[Penis]]</S> (gibberish vandalism) deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 10:53, 19 February 2009
*<S>[[Massage]]</S> (gibberish vandalism) deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 11:29, 27 June 2009 (UTC)
*<del>[[Solar heat engine]] (redundant, see also [[User talk:Rfc#An article to delete]])</del> (author requested) deleted by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 00:10, 18 March 2010 (UTC)
*[[Otherwise Continent' Concept]] seemingly off topic, seemingly poor translation of Russian text, cites Russian lanuage web pages as sources. See [[Talk:Otherwise Continent' Concept]]
: I would like to give the author a few more days to put the article in the correct context (see also [[User talk:PPark|PPark's talk page]]). -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 16:01, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
::The title is now a redirect that is not needed. There is not much reason to further consider deletion. --[[User:Farred|Farred]] 15:57, 21 September 2010 (UTC)
*<del>[[Climbing]] is seemingly a copyright violation. If it is not a violation and we remove it anyway, it is a small loss. It is not vital to our topic. It was created by User:76.114.114.75 on the 31st of August 2010. He has not made any other contribution since. See [[Talk:Climbing|the articles talk page]]. --[[User:Farred|Farred]] 16:06, 21 September 2010 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:30, 3 June 2011

*<del>[[At the USA Weight Lifting certification in Mesa AZ]] advertising -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 16:44, 6 February 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[About to go in and take the PMP certification exam Say a prayer for me 53980]] advertising -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 13:15, 9 February 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[Im referring to the cigarette 61]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[Every fag smoked cuts at least five minutes of life on average 74]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[Ladies smoking cigarette RETWEET if you do not SMOKE 14]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:44, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*[[Vaping or Smoking]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:12, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[I hate those dreams about the Student Loans Co too 71]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[Telecoms firm offers small business credits 4]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[Loans im paying for myself 24]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 22:20, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[Medical_Billing_and_Coding_to_Improve_Business_Profit]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 18:40, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
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*[[Ruzgar-Enerjisi-Nedir]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 20:11, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
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*[[While_search_engines_including_Google,_Askjeeve,]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[New_facts_about_applied_powerplant_and_attacks_elements]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:VMware-Certification]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[VMware_Certification]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Perform_Free_Video_games:_The_very_best_Puzzle_Games]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[The_actual_flu_incubation_period_is]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[While_it_is_true_the_fact]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Finding_approved_for_an_auto_loan_once_you]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[We_all_want_to_get_encouraged_but]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Area_of_infrastructural_development_is_one_such]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Tanzania_safaris_provide_all_you_ll_be]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Picking_out_Problems-No_cost_Products_and_solutions_For_breast_enlargements_miami]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Through_the_years,_the_phrase_a_guys_human]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Whenever_a_organization_is_contemplating_going]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Individuals_living_in_and_surrounding_suburbs_make_full]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:DuwixeJunoxi]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:13, 20 May 2012 (UTC)

==Images for deletion==
*<del>[[:Image:Reprap-small.jpg]] (for copyright reasons)</del> clarified -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 18:07, 7 July 2008 (UTC)
* <del>[[:Image:UniversalBricks01.gif]] is no longer needed. A better picture is available instead. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 21:29, 17 October 2008 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 00:18, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

The following files were uploaded by [[user:PPark]]. I explained him that only English is allowed on Marspedia. No adequate reaction from him ever since.
* [[:File:Динамика автономизации.gif]] is pure russian regarding filename and contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:ГечвоК морфология.gif]] is pure russian regarding filename and contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:ГечвоК оси апр2009.gif]] is pure russian regarding filename and contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:TotalProfit OtherContin.gif‎]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:Struct OtherContin super.gif]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:Progr OtherContin super.gif‎]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:CashTraces OtherContin.gif]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:CashFlow OtherContin.gif]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

The following files were posted by adverising bot.
* [[:File:Certification 954.jpg]] advertising -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 16:44, 6 February 2011 (UTC)
* [[:File:Certification 2212.jpg]] advertising -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 13:15, 9 February 2011 (UTC)
* <del>[[:File:Electronic cigarette 3035.jpg]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
* <del>[[:File:Electronic cigarette 3980.jpg]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
* <del>[[:File:Electronic cigarette 2312.jpg]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:44, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
* [[:File:Student_loans_991.jpg]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* [[:File:Student_loans_4409.jpg]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* [[:File:Student_loans_706.jpg]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 22:20, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

==Categories for deletion==
*[http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Mirrored_from_Lunarp Category:Mirrored from Lunarp] - Created in error.
* <del>[http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Human_Missions Category:Human Missions] (This category is redundant with "Manned Missions", is not part of the tree, is not used with an article and thus is useless.)</del> - category removed by [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 20:14, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
*<del>'''Category:MarsDrive''' - This category is not part of the tree, - is styled as if it were an article, - is not used with an article, - is a violation of GNU Free Document License (copy from wikipedia).</del> - category removed by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 22:16, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

==Redirects for deletion==
*''[[Space Suit]] (capital letter starts the second word. This is only a dead redirect.)'' -- no need to delete, redirect still operating. May delete later if required. [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 22:07, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
*''[[Space Suits]] (plural. This is only a dead redirect.)'' -- redirect edited to "Space suit", may delete at a later time. [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 22:07, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
*[[Mars 105]] and [[Mars-105]] (Dead redirect pages. These redirect pages have names that actually do not exist.)

==Request for cleanup==
*[[Marspedia:About]] - SysOP needs to undo edit by [[User:Silverlady100|Silverlady100]] - not possible to revent due "This page has been locked to prevent editing"

[[Category:Cleanup]]

Deletion

2013-02-10T18:36:42Z

Spriditis: Reverted edits by Spriditis (Talk) to last revision by 218.202.219.66

Deletion

2013-02-10T18:35:58Z

Spriditis: Reverted edits by 218.202.219.66 (Talk) to last revision by 38.102.29.210

Failure of the settlement

2012-12-03T22:54:41Z

Spriditis: /* Biological */ minor correction "my" - "might"

A complete '''failure of the colony''' would mean the death of all settlers. Possible causes can be [[human failure]], [[fail-safe|technical failure]] and acts of nature beyond control. It could take decades or centuries before a subsequent colonization attempt is started. This article wants to collect situations, incidents, precautions and mitigations.

'''(under construction)'''

== Destruction of life support ==
===[[Oxygen]]===

===Temperature===
If [[heating]] systems fail, the [[temperature]] in on-surface buildings may drop rapidly and destroy equipment and plants. Humans may freeze to death.

Precaution: Underground parts of the settlement draw benefit from the high heat capacity of the surrounding rock, which keeps the temperature for a long time. The interior of the settlement rooms can be optimized to store large amounts of warmth. Big [[water]] tanks have a high heat capacity.

===[[Water]]===

== Contamination of [[air]] or [[food]] ==
... with radioactive, chemical or bacteriological substances

Precaution: If dangerous substances are not produced, they can not pose a threat. If such substances are unavoidable, they should be produced, used and stored in a separated part of the colony, where no other vital system can be affected in case of an incident.

== Destruction or contamination of [[greenhouse]]s ==

== Disconnection or destruction of [[energy]] network ==

== Disconnection or destruction of [[internet|telecommunication]] network ==

== Explosion, causing drop in air pressure ==

== Destruction of transportation means ==
... that are needed to reach peripheral sites of the colony

== Destruction of [[equipment]] that is needed for maintenance of vital systems ==

==Biological==
The human metabolism need a great variety of substances. The full complexity of all interactions is not fully understood. If there is a shortage or an excess of some rather unknown substances, the [[health]] might be seriously affected. In worst case the ability to work and maintain the vital parts of the colony falls below a required minimum.
Such substances may possibly produced by some sort of [[germs]] that are omnipresent on Earth, but are not in the Martian colony.

The [[immune system]] may get out of balance, since the ensemble of germs around and inside of the settlers will be different or narrowed. If, unlike in the [[ISS]], the bacteriological profile is not updated frequently, some vital germs might become extinct.

Mitigation: A garden with soil is a living ground for many [[microbes]] and germs.

[[category: Safety]]

Earth-Mars Trade

2012-12-03T22:37:15Z

Spriditis: Reverted edits by 202.158.5.74 (Talk) to last revision by Rfc

'''Earth-Mars trade''' will likely be the primary form of [[:category:commerce|commerce]] for the first Martian settlements. This trade is limited by the great distance between [[Earth]] and [[Mars]], and the enormous cost of lifting goods out of the [[gravity]] well of the two planets. The majority of the commerce will necessarily be information-based.
==Short-Term Business Models==
Initial business models could resemble those similar to the ones used by many small nations, such as the Vatican, Monaco, San Marino, and some Pacific islands. Like the first Martian [[settlement|settlements]], these nations cannot rely on large pools of labor, infrastructure, or abundant [[natural resources]].

===Information Services===
=====[[Offworld backup]]=====
Offsite backup is a vital aspect of [[data security]] for any business. It ensures data backup in the event of [[natural disasters]]. No location could be more offsite than Mars!
=====[[Internet domain sale]]=====
People could buy the .mars domain.
=====Consultancy=====
Established colonies can advise governments and corporations in their own exploration/colonization efforts.

===Financial Services===
{{expandsec}}
=====Offworld Banking=====
=====Tax Shelter=====
=====Investment=====
=====Flag of Convenience=====
As on [[Earth]], a sovereign martian state can sell ship registration. Initially, this would apply only to marine vessels, but it may be expanded to space vessels in the future. A vessel's registration determines which laws are in effect for its occupants when it is in international waters.

===Science===
=====Scientific Lease=====
A settlement can lease space and sell resources to governments or institutions that want to send their scientists to Mars. Alternately,
=====Research for Hire=====
Skilled settlers could be paid to do scientific research.
=====Hazardous Research Facility=====
An irradiated near-vacuum environment is a near-perfect biological barrier . Any facility would necessarily be isolated from the colony, of course. It would be the perfect location for biotechnology research without the risk to terrestrial life.
=====[[Education]]=====
Martian scientists and professors can record lectures and presentations that can be sold to schools, colleges, and universities.

===Consumer Goods and Services===
=====Tourism=====
Certain people with a lot of money have historically been interested in [[Space Tourism]], even when there are significant risks. So, [[Mars tourism]] is an even more exotic challenge.
=====[[TV rights]]=====
Reality shows, etc.
=====Licensed Merchandise=====
While Mars itself cannot be trademarked, likenesses of the [[settlement]]/settlers could be. Possibilities include stamps, coins, playsets, etc. First colonists would likely gain celebrity status. These goods would be manufactured on [[Earth]], due to the cost savings.
=====Commercial Sponsorship=====
Companies may pay to place a logo on a wall, use "the official << ''insert commercial product here'' >> of Mars" in advertising.
=====Genetic Legacy=====
Ensure your genetic legacy by sending your sperm/eggs/embryos to Mars. Having descendants on two worlds is more secure.

===Real Estate===
=====Land Speculation=====
While historically not the most respectable business, an actual presence on Mars lends much more credibility to the transaction.
=====Martian Cemetery=====
People might pay to have their ashes buried on Mars.

[[category:Commerce]]

User talk:Spriditis

2012-06-08T19:09:05Z

Spriditis: reply

==Hi Spriditis==
I cannot delete article titles over here at Marspedia, but I thought I would help you out a bit. Maybe we can beat back the spammers somewhat. I saw your note to User:Strangelv. I think most of The Moon Society people may have given up on Lunarpedia. There are always other concerns and they might not see much benefit. If you got administrator powers you could delete titles of spam and that would improve things. Do you think User:Strangelv is the only person who could make you an administrator?

I would ignore the IP addresses unless one is used twice. I think the spammers have some way to spoof the system and avoid leaving a record of their real addresses. Did I help much? - [[User:Farred|Farred]] 05:03, 21 May 2012 (UTC)

:I have to disagree about IP based attacks. I find them far less destructive and easier to deal with than account based attacks. They usually wait awhile before attacking from the same one again, but eventually they will. I originalyl banned them for 30 days, but found some hitting again, upped it again, and again, and finally settled on 180 days. I've also passed out some overdue admin cap party favors. Sorry that I don't have enough of the sort Riff and Bun Bun might bring to a party.

:Big thing about IP attacks: botnets have a finite number of them, and it can be months before a zombie gets a different IP address. Blocking them for half a year means that they're out of commission for that long. After seeing the notice on my talk page I was assuming this was going to be identical to the deluge on LPedia where there's no server access and completely ineffectual protections. Good news is it isn't but the bad is that these attacks are doing more damage than just adding piles of garbage to the database -- probably need to see if I can install the Bad Behavior extension...

:--[[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 05:18, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

::Well. Thanks, Strangelv. Congratulations, Spriditis, you should get used to the awesome responsibility eventually. The next thing on the agenda is to get rid of some of the spam. Perhaps I could go after old spam and Spriditis the new spam. - [[User:Farred|Farred]] 09:45, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

::: I just did a blanket delete with a WHUMP variant on the zero length articles (clicking on Show Bots should show you what WHUMP has done, but I've just discovered that sometimes that doesn't work here -- at least not with days and changes set to large values -- and no, I don't know of a way to make the buffer larger). Right now I'm trying to categorize all of the uncategorized legitimate articles so that I can do the same to all of the uncategorized articles that are not legitimate articles.

::: Aside from damaged articles and being listed as an attack page the situation here is actually a lot less bad than the situation I've been pounding my head against for the past year or so with LPedia (not connected to Marspedia, Lunarpedia, et al. -- it's a political party wiki) -- a problem that's finally under control now that I've finally succeeded in writing a bot that logs in as a user and deletes and bans, and I presently have it checking Lunarpedia and Marspedia every 20 minutes. I should probably check up on how Exodictionary and Scientifiction are doing. Exoplatz could definitely use some batch jobs after we eventually get it repaired and up and running again. -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 23:09, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

::: Have we run out of targets on Marspedia already? It may be time to move on to Exodictionary -- it's been getting slowly pummeled for awhile, although it may not be a large percentage as it has more articles than the rest of our wikis put together -- at least until I get Autostub1 working and crank out about 10,000 articles for Lunarpedia... -- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 00:23, 23 May 2012 (UTC)

: Hi. Yup, again quite large amount of spam in these 2 weeks. Atleast [[User:Farred|Farred]] and other have dealt with it.

: About Recent changes display - it seems that value of <code>$wgRCMaxAge</code> (in <code>DefaultSettings.php</code>) currently is set to 13 or 14 days. Explanation of this setting: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgRCMaxAge $wgRCMaxAge]

: Having it set to retain changelist for a longer time - for example ~ 28 days would help: <code>$wgRCMaxAge = 28 * 24 * 3600;</code>
: -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 19:09, 8 June 2012 (UTC)

Deletion

2012-05-20T13:13:03Z

Spriditis: Added pages for deletion

Mars Global Surveyor

2012-05-20T12:32:32Z

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms

[[Image:Mgs_orbiter.jpg|thumb|right|200px|An artists impression of the '''Mars Global Surveyor''' in orbit above Mars.]]

NASA's '''Mars Global Surveyor''' was launched on November 7, 1996 from [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]] (Florida) on a McDonnell Douglas-built [[Delta II]]-7925 rocket. ''Mars Global Surveyor'' was the first successful US mission launched to Mars in 20 years since the [[:category:Viking Program|Viking]] mission in 1976. On November 2, 2006 it was lost due to loss of power (through incorrect alignment of the solar panels). On arriving into Mars orbit, the [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] made attempts to image the lost ''Mars Global Surveyor'' so mission control could diagnose the problem, but the spacecraft could not be found.

Observations from the Mars Global Surveyor orbiter are used on the interactive [[Google Mars]] website.

==Mission Overview==

In its highly successful decade of operations, the ''Mars Global Surveyor'' orbiter became the longest-lasting Mars mission collecting a massive quantity of data about the Martian environment.
[[Image:moc_mgs.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) onboard the Mars Global Surveyor: Global views of Mars in the late northern summer (2002).]]
===Primary mission===
The ''Mars Global Surveyor'' completed its primary mission to:
* Characterize the surface features and geological processes on Mars.
* Determine the composition, distribution and physical properties of surface minerals, rocks and ice.
* Determine the global topography, planet shape, and gravitational field.
* Establish the nature of the magnetic field and map the crustal remnant field (a crustal remnant field is evidence of magnetism within the planet's crust or rocks, produced by the planet's own magnetic field at the time of formation).
* Monitor global weather and the thermal structure of the atmosphere.
* Study interactions between Mars' surface and the atmosphere by monitoring surface features, polar caps that expand and recede, the polar energy balance, and dust and clouds as they migrate over a seasonal cycle.

[[Image:mag_mgs.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Magnetometer data from the Electron Reflectometer onboard the Mars Global Surveyor.]]
===Instrumentation===
To achieve this primary objectives, the mission consisted of five principal instruments:
* Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) - to produce daily wide-angle and narrow-angle images of Mars.
* Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) - to measure the height of Martian surface features such as mountains and depth of valleys.
* Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) - analysis of infrared radiation by scanning the heat emitted from the surface of Mars to gain insight into the mineral composition of the surface.
* Electron Reflectometer (magnetometer) - to understand the magnetic properties of Mars to probe the interior of the planet.
* Gravity Field Experiment (Radio Science) - mapping the gravity variations in Mars' gravitation.
[[Image:Water_deposit.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Evidence from the [[Mars Global Surveyor]] MOC instrument that spurts of liquid water may sporadically flow on the Martian surface]]
==See also==
*[[MGS Oblique Views]].
*[[Water]].

==External links==
*[http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/science/objectives.html MGS mission objectives]

{{Featured_red_ring}}
[[Category:Orbiters]]

User:Laertes

2012-05-20T12:31:13Z

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms

I am currently living in the state of Georgia in the US with my beautiful wife and neurotic dachshund. I have a deep interest in astronomy and space exploration. Though my education and experience is geared more towards terrestrial interests, I will contribute as able (mostly by editing for grammar - at least untill I get more comfotable with this whole wiki thing.)

I have a BA in Cross-Cultural Studies, and currently work as a technical writer and training developer for Navitor ( http://www.navitor.com ) while my wife attends graduate school.

10/13/08 - I am back after a extended pause due to workload and connection issues.

Workload is increasing, I may be in and out a bit over the next few months... --[[User:Laertes|Nate]] 22:05, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

==Exoplatz Stars, Nebulae, ''et c''.==
Thank you for your additions to Exoplatz. Question: can you find any public domain databases, or similar for these? We could then set up a script to automatically generate stubs for them in bulk, as was done with Exodictionary, the chemical elements on Lunarpedia (and should also be done with Marspedia), and the still not completed script for generating articles on locations on Luna (which could then be applied to Mars with a different data set plugged in and presumably with support for competing longitudinal systems removed).

Examples:
*[http://www.lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Lunarpedia:Autostub1_test_1 test Lunar feature article by Autostub1]
*[http://www.lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Iridium Autostub2 article on the element Iridium]

Presumably nebulae won't have the sorts of challenges I had working out how to categorize dictionary entries with a script from the text of the entries. 8)

-- [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 00:23, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

==Public Domain Databases==
After a quick search, I found two that may work. I am not sure of the licence status of the exoplanet database. --[[User:Laertes|Nate]] 14:33, 31 January 2009 (UTC)
===United States Geological Survey===
* USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/]
===NASA===
* Extrasolar Planets [http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_search.cfm]
* Mars Atlas [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/images.html] - Images and text
===National Library of Medicine===
* PubChem [http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/]

Fail-safe

2012-05-20T12:27:45Z

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms

Due to the hostile [[environmental conditions]] on [[Mars]], human visitors to the planet would have to rely heavily on artificial environments in order to survive. Their [[habitat]]s' [[life support]] equipment must therefore run 100% reliably. This article describes the principles of '''fail-safe''' engineering.

The basic premise of fail-safe behaviour is to ensure that if a system or subsystem fails, it should do so in a "safe" manner; that is, no single failure should be able to place those who use or maintain it in danger.

The following systems are considered:
* Life support systems ([[oxygen]], [[temperature]])
* Production and [[food preservation|storage]] of [[food]]
* Production, distribution and storage of [[energy]]
* Telecommunication network
* [[building]]s

==Redundancy==
Every system is built twice or more, where each can work independent from the other. The capacity of each system is big enough to support the full service in case of failure of one system. In normal operation both systems are running in parallel with half load. This principle provides the best reliability for the whole function.

Example: The number and size of [[solar panel]]s is at least twice as big as actually needed for vital system operation. In normal operation mode the surplus energy can be used for additional convenience.

==Interconnectivity==
Services must be available, also in case of local failure. Therefore, the service providing systems are interconnected.

Example: If system A and system B have their own air supply system then people in building A can get air from building B in case of a failure in the air supply system of their own building.

==Grid instead of chain==
The whole system must be available independent from the failure location, even in catastrophic situations. The interconnection must allow normal functioning of the whole system even if one system part is completely destroyed. For the connection of more than two systems a grid is better than a chain.

[[Image:mesh.gif]]

The chain architecture (bad) bears the risk of a complete cut-off for system parts. The grid architecture (good) ensures a continuous interconnection of the remaining systems.

This applies for [[building]]s, as well. In the case of chain architecture, a drop in air pressure in building Y separates the people in X and Z.

Example: The [[Internet]] is (partially) constructed in a grid architecture. Despite the fact that it is the most complex artificial thing men have ever constructed it has never failed as a whole.

==Backup systems==
A standby system is automatically powered up, or can be manually brought into operation shortly. Advantage: The system is not subject to full maintenance effort during standby mode. Risk: If not checked in regular intervals the backup system may not be able to work if needed.

[[category:concepts]]
[[category:technology]]
[[category:safety]]

Oxygen

2012-05-20T12:27:26Z

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms

{{element
|float=right
|elementName=Oxygen
|elementSymbol=O
|protons=8
|abundance=0.13% ([[atmosphere]])
}}

'''Oxygen''' (''periodic table symbol:'' O8) is a chemical element that can be found in the [[atmosphere]] and in several [[minerals]] on [[Mars]].

[[Image:alga_and_bubbles.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Alga producing oxygen]]

==Relevance for life==
The metabolism of [[human|human beings]], [[:category:animals|animals]] and various [[microbes]] depends on oxygen. The atmosphere of Mars contains only 0.2 % oxygen, which is not enough to support animal or human life.

==Production==
Oxygen can be produced
* in [[greenhouse]]s by plants.
* by reduction of [[carbon dioxide]] from the martian atmosphere
* by reduction of oxide minerals
* by [[electrolysis]] of [[water]]

==Related Articles==

[[lunarp:Oxygen|Oxygenlunarp]] on Lunarpedia.

[[Category: Biospherics]]
[[Category: Greenhouse]]
[[Category: Chemistry]]
[[Category: Elements]]

Mining

2012-05-20T12:26:34Z

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms

'''Mining''' is the process of fetching natural [[raw materials|raw material]] from below the [[Mars|Martian]] surface for further processing. The fetched raw materials are frozen [[water]], [[minerals]] and [[ore]].

==Technology==
Mining is an [[energy]] consuming job. Due to the thin [[atmosphere]] the [[digging machine]]s are supposed to work [[automation|automated]] or remote controlled.

==Surface Mining Methods==
===Strip Mining===
When resources are available close to the surface, a strip mine is the most efficient method of extraction. The layers of [[regolith]] covering the resource are taken away, and the exposed ore is mined. This method is also called open-pit mining.

==Subsurface Mining Methods==
When the natural resource lies far underground, it is far more efficient to dig tunnels to access the ore than to remove the overlaying rock and regolith. Since Mars has only about 38% as much gravity as Earth<ref> McGRAW-HILL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Science & Technology, 8 th edition, vol. 10 (c) 1997 page 527 </ref> people should be able to extend mines to a depth about 2.6 times as deep as on earth without the tunnel collapsing from hydrostatic pressure. This should allow the search for valuable minerals to a depth of more than 5 miles. There are many subsurface mining methods, and they are often used in conjunction with each other.
===Drift Mines===
Drift mining consists of primarily horizontal tunnels. These are most often dug into a hillside.

===Slope Mining===
Slope mining uses diagonal tunnels to access ore.

===Shaft Mining===
Vertical shafts are used in shaft mining.

===Room and Pillar Mining===
In this method, large galleries are dug into the ore. Pillars of ore are left at regular intervals to support the celing. After all the ore has been removed, these pillars may be removed through retreat mining, leading to the collapse of the chamber. This collapse may lead to surface subsidence.

===Longwall Mining===
Longwall mining begins with a long horizontal shaft. The roof is held up mechanically by moveable supports. One side of the shaft is mined along its entire length. As this mine progresses, the mechanical supports move foreward with the face. The old area of the mine is left unsupported, and allowed to collapse under its own weight, often leading to surface subsidence.

==Emerging galleries==
The [[artificial cave]]s are a nice side effect. They can be used to expand the [[settlement]] with storage rooms, [[house|living rooms]], underground [[greenhouse]]s, gas container for [[energy storage]] or storage of [[:category:chemistry|chemicals]].

==Reference==
<references/>

[[category: technology]]
[[category: geology]]
[[category: material]]

Settlement Strategies

2012-05-20T12:23:19Z

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms

The colonization of [[Mars]] can be planned and performed in various ways. This article wants to line out basic '''colonization strategies''' with the final goal to establish a sustainable, self reliant Martian colony, that can exist and even thrive [[independence from Earth|independently from Earth]].

==Aspect of physical independence==
===Introduction===
The long term maintenance of complex equipment requires a huge number of persons. At a minimum, they will need to replace or repair critical components, such as life support, [[Limited medical care in an autonomous colony|medical technology]], [[food]] production, etc. It is hard to imagine that this can be done without [[electronics]] and [[:category:chemistry|chemistry]]. At least some technology must be maintained, for the Martian [[environmental conditions]] do not allow people to live naked on Mars. So, there is a critical mass for the number of persons in an [[autonomous colony]].

Even if fully grown, a Martian colony is not considered a closed system without any input or output from and to Earth. It is rather an independent sovereign state, fully in control of its destiny. In that regard, it need not produce all of its needs locally. Even on [[Earth]], no sovereign state would think of eliminating all trade with other nations. However, such a Martian colony can not perform a trade volume that is comparable with any state on Earth, because the shipment costs are bigger by several orders of magnitude. Therefore, the [[interplanetary commerce]] between Earth and Mars will be reduced largely to data and services that can be transmitted via a [[radio link]].

===Strategy 1: Independence step by step===
An initial colony could start with a few persons. More colonists arrive later. In the beginning it does not supply all of its needs locally. Until critical mass is attained, the settlement will need to buy certain advanced technology. Interplanetary commerce is part of this strategy. It allows starting much simpler and earlier.

The first step is an [[Earth-supported colony]]. With further shipments it can be enhanced to a [[semi-autonomous colony]]. Finally the colony can be equipped with [[equipment for autonomous growth]].

===Strategy 2: Independence at once===
Due to the risk of an interruption of the colonization program, this strategy aims at the full independence from the very start. The first settlement is built in a very spartan, but nonetheless sustainable way, with all vital supplies produced locally. This first settlement [[Unmanned setup of a whole settlement|is constructed remote controlled]] and is fully functional before the first group of settlers head for Mars.

[[Hi-tech versus lo-tech|Spartan technology]] (and hence spartan standard of living) can reduce the critical mass. The inevitable food production is the most critical part. If that can be accomplished with simple technology, the critical mass could be small enough to gain independence at once. However, this includes [[mining]] and processing of all needed materials from [[local resources]].

==Aspect of transport and development==
Uite aici daca vrei sa afli ceva despre ioevrtnarele industriale Mean Well pune o intrebare si cu siguranta ti se va raspunde, este forum special conceput din cate vad pentru invertoare Mean Well

I don't get the negativity eethir. So what if in some or even many cases they guessed wrong, or near wrong. They also guessed right at times. And the point of the story was to explore those possible realities and their consequences, not necessarily predict what would happen. I mean, I think we are all glad that what happened in the book 1984 didn't really happen in 1984. I for one am. And yet, today the technology is there to implement it if power were concentrated in one person or group.Also, another point not brought out isn't just the predictive, but the inspiration. As William Shatner has pointed out, some of the technologies we have today, like the CAT scan, were invented directly because someone saw a possible future technology, like Dr. McCoy's hand-held diagnostic scanner, and was inspired to make it really happen. Far from hand-held, but before that, surgery was the only way to see inside someone's body to find out what was going on. Thanks to the inspiration of Star Trek, that is no longer the case today. And that wasn't even hard science fiction.

===Strategy 2: Mass transport of ready-to-use technology===

A colony needs large machinery for life support and further expansion. All machinery is shipped from [[Earth]] to Mars. Plans can be developed for massive colonization ships moving in repeated transfers between Earth and Mars without stopping. Only the cargo and passengers start and stop. Sending a complete industrial economy to Mars is theoretically possible. It just takes a long time, a launch volume much higher than current, or some combination of the two. See cost estimates above. For example, we might spend $100 billion per year for 4.4 million years to set up an independent Mars colony using the same industrial equipment and global-scale economy as Earth, by simply transporting all needed people, structures and equipment (minus one or two orders of magnitude for creative selection of a subset) over this period of time, without any redesign except to account for Martian environmental conditions (low gravity, near-vacuum, etc.) To be anywhere close to being viable, this strategy requires extremely radical reductions in transport costs, possibly from using [[ISRU]]-based propellants, suborbital reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) combine with tether-based orbital momentum transfer, and many other theoretically possible strategies. But then again, how can we do ISRU on such a massive scale without lots of equipment already in space? Catch-22.

===Strategy 3: Develop industry on Luna to support Mars colonization===
This is inspired by the 1970's idea of Gerard O'Neil to build massive solar power plants out of lunar materials. Developing Luna first can take advantage of Luna's unique advantages to provide a massive Mars colonization effort that may not be possible otherwise.

Luna has a lower gravity well than Mars or Earth and a high vacuum at surface level. Because of this there is a potential for a low cost electric launching of cargo from the moon to orbit that Mars and Earth will never be able to match. The cost was estimated as "pennies-per-pound" on the Mike Combs Space Settlement [http://space.mike-combs.com/spacsetl.htm#on_the_moon web site FAQ], the "Why not build solar power stations on the moon?" section. The actual cost per pound of such cargo launch will be heavily dependent upon the size of the market for launching cargo.

Luna has one face constantly turned toward earth so that a stationary antenna there could provide continuous real time communications with less than a three second round trip delay. This allows remote control industrial development from Earth without developing artificial computer intelligence to operate the industry 45 minutes without instructions on the latest developments as would be necessary for remotely controlled industry on Mars. The axial tilt with respect to the ecliptic is 1.5 degrees. So, there is a potential in the course of development of Luna's resources to establish a set of solar power stations within 46 kilometers of either pole linked in a grid such that there is always one of them in sunlight. The ambient vacuum makes efficient thermal insulation as easy as packing fine grains sifted from the regolith. The big advantage of industry on Luna is that it does not need to be a complete infrastructure that can support human beings for every task. Remotely controlled machines are being used on Earth with a growing range of complexity and function.<ref> http://www.lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Progress_in_Remotely_Operated_Equipment </ref> If as much effort were put into adapting machines to a lunar environment as has been put into adapting machines to an undersea environment, the designs for machines to develop lunar industry would likely be in hand. People on Luna will be few and do only those things for which people are especially capable.
Association with Luna can bring Mars into the market for building structures in Earth orbit before there is even a colony on Mars. Building an industry on Luna will be handicapped by the scarcity of volatiles on Luna but this can be remedied by establishing automated industry on Mars to distill the atmosphere, mine the permafrost at 50 degrees latitude and ship the products to orbit with one system and on to Luna with another. This is probably a simpler problem then building a complete industrial base for a colony, and it would be paid for out of returns from building structures in Earth orbit. Industry started on Mars without Luna would not be able to sell solar power plants to Earth to pay for the investment. It would have to rely on selling hypothetical patent rights of Martian colonists' inventions, gold shot out of an electric cannon to Earth if any is found on Mars, real estate sales and such.

Benefits to Mars colonization that would result from full industry on Luna would include the ability of Luna to ship tanks of liquid oxygen to low Earth orbit for 40 cents a pound to use as rocket fuel. This low cost of transportation would allow considerably higher production costs for oxygen on Luna than on Earth while still having a much lower total delivered cost. The same is true for materials to construct a Mars colonization ship in orbit and a space based solar power plant to be sent to operate in orbit of Mars. If industrialization of Luna is successful, these benefits could be provided to Mars in trade for volatiles to Luna more cheaply than they could be provided by any conceivable arrangement of trade between one region on Mars and another.

'''Some criticisms of this approach:'''

Removing the task of industrial development to the moon mostly just switches the location of the problem. The strategy above is simply to move the problem of developing self-sustainable space industry, given high launch costs on earth, to a new locale then introduce trade between Mars and the new locale. But we can divide industry and trade between places on Mars too: if trade between Mars and the moon could solve the problem so could trade between different places on Mars. The supposed benefits of teleoperation are hypothetical and there is no strong reason to assume it would allow the needed radical reduction in the mass of industrial infrastructure to be launched. No designs for teleoperated machines are presented that would have this effect of radically reducing the mass of the industry that needs to be launched from earth. If they were, they would form part of the general alternative to radical lowering of launch costs, namely radical redesign of the industrial infrastructure. Automation indeed is probably an important element of the radical redesign of industrial technology that will be needed.

To get to the lunar surface from earth still costs within the same order of magnitude as to get to the surface of Mars (currently about $100,000/kg to the lunar surface vs. about $200,000/kg to the Martian surface). Indeed the industrial development problem on the moon is worse because it is scarce in volatiles which are crucial and voluminous inputs to industry. On earth where voluminous water is needed industry locates next to the water. Trying to get them out of Mars' gravity well all the way to the moon may not be economically viable, any more than reversing the course of a river by putting the water into a large fleet of trucks and driving back to the top of the mountains where the river comes from would be an economically viable way to conserve water. It is also easier to think about and solve the self-sufficiency problem on a location like Mars where volatiles and other industrial inputs are both readily available.

The mass driver upon which the effort depends is only a design. It has never been tested as a complete device. If things proceed as supporters of raising an industrial base on Luna by its bootstraps hope, it will take a long time, probably in the neighborhood of fifty years before first financial return. Importing volatiles from Mars requires that both bodies be industrialized at the same time with remotely operated equipment. That causes more complex planning requirements. Dealing only with Mars development avoids having to import elements which are scarce on Luna. Mars has all elements necessary for industrial development available in usable concentrations and quantities.

===Strategy 4: [[Genetic engineering|Genetically engineer crops]] to grow on Mars===
The amount of equipment needed to be transported to Mars could be reduced if crops could spread themselves on the natural surface of Mars. The lichen which grows in extreme conditions on Earth could perhaps be modified to grow on Mars in the current conditions of the 50 degree latitude region. It could incorporate an internal antifreeze such as polyethylene glycol. Various sorts of crops could be designed to incorporate various useful substances in their tissues. When these crops have spread themselves around Mars, colonists would come and harvest them to support their colony. This might greatly reduce the need for industrial infrastructure as a prerequisite to support agriculture.

No plant or lichen genetically engineered or otherwise has ever been grown in vacuum or in near-vacuum conditions like those on Mars, and it is far from clear that this is possible. The chemical and radiation environments on the Martian surface probably also present major hurdles for this approach. This strategy would take many years to first develop crops to grow on Mars and then to plant them and let them spread. The plant released into the wild might mutate into an undesirable form that would not support a colony.

A variation of this strategy is to genetically engineer a hollow tree that can serve as a pressure vessel for smaller life forms inside it. A problem with this approach is how to protect its leaves while giving them sunlight. The coconut tree Protects its seed from the harsh environment of the open ocean with a hard case. By combining genetic engineering with selective breeding, it might be possible to develop a plant that grows a little green house for each leaf and each seed. Seeds would need to be packed with a considerable amount of food and water to get a new plant started on Mars, as coconuts are packed with food and water to start new coconut trees. Starting plants in the most Mars-like environment that they can survive, then developing plants to grow in more and more Mars-like conditions, people might be able to develop a plant that could grow on Mars.

While Earthly plants store sugars and starches in their tissues for use during times of darkness, and they store complete nutrition for their offspring in seeds; they do not store oxygen. They use it from the reservoir of the Earth's atmosphere. Plants that could grow in the ambient Martian conditions would need special tissues to store oxygen. They would also need to develop a flexible water impermeable skin with a sort of window that while remaining impermeable to water would allow carbon dioxide to diffuse through, another sort of window to allow oxygen to be excreted and another sort of window to be translucent. The roots would need to totally engulf particular grains of soil in order to absorb minerals from them without losing water. The adaptations for plants' survival on Mars would be many, but the result would be plants whose seeds are a source of food, water, and oxygen.

==Aspect of finance==
Hi! Look like I've got the same error:Error in method inovtacion: Static method haxeCodeComplete( org.gjt.sp.jedit.View ) not found in class'sidekick.haxe.HaXeSideKickPlugin' : at Line: 4 : in file: inline evaluation of: __runCachedMethod(ns) { this.callstack.set(0,ns); sidek . . . : sidekick .haxe .HaXeSideKickPlugin .haxeCodeComplete ( view ) at org.gjt.sp.jedit.bsh.BSHMethodInvocation.eval(BSHMethodInvocation.java:77)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.bsh.BSHPrimaryExpression.eval(BSHPrimaryExpression.java:102)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.bsh.BSHPrimaryExpression.eval(BSHPrimaryExpression.java:47)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.bsh.BSHBlock.evalBlock(BSHBlock.java:130)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.bsh.BSHBlock.eval(BSHBlock.java:80)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.bsh.BshMethod.invokeImpl(BshMethod.java:362)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.bsh.BshMethod.invoke(BshMethod.java:258)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.bsh.BshMethod.invoke(BshMethod.java:186)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.BeanShellFacade.runCachedBlock(BeanShellFacade.java:225)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.BeanShell.runCachedBlock(BeanShell.java:423)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.BeanShellAction.invoke(BeanShellAction.java:73)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.gui.InputHandler.invokeAction(InputHandler.java:352)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.jEdit$4.invokeAction(jEdit.java:3264)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.jEdit$4.invokeAction(jEdit.java:3246)at org.gjt.sp.jedit.EditAction$Wrapper.actionPerformed(EditAction.java:222)at javax.swing.AbstractButton.fireActionPerformed(AbstractButton.java:2028)at javax.swing.AbstractButton$Handler.actionPerformed(AbstractButton.java:2351)at javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel.fireActionPerformed(DefaultButtonModel.java:387)at javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel.setPressed(DefaultButtonModel.java:242)at javax.swing.AbstractButton.doClick(AbstractButton.java:389)at com.apple.laf.ScreenMenuItem.actionPerformed(ScreenMenuItem.java:95)at java.awt.MenuItem.processActionEvent(MenuItem.java:627)at java.awt.MenuItem.processEvent(MenuItem.java:586)at java.awt.MenuComponent.dispatchEventImpl(MenuComponent.java:337)at java.awt.MenuComponent.dispatchEvent(MenuComponent.java:325)at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(EventQueue.java:682)at java.awt.EventQueue.access$000(EventQueue.java:85)at java.awt.EventQueue$1.run(EventQueue.java:638)at java.awt.EventQueue$1.run(EventQueue.java:636)at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)at java.security.AccessControlContext$1.doIntersectionPrivilege(AccessControlContext.java:87)at java.security.AccessControlContext$1.doIntersectionPrivilege(AccessControlContext.java:98)at java.awt.EventQueue$2.run(EventQueue.java:652)at java.awt.EventQueue$2.run(EventQueue.java:650)at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)at java.security.AccessControlContext$1.doIntersectionPrivilege(AccessControlContext.java:87)at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(EventQueue.java:649)at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(EventDispatchThread.java:296)at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:211)at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(EventDispatchThread.java:201)at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:196)at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:188)at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(EventDispatchThread.java:122)

===Initial Capital Investments===
The colony requires equipment sufficient equipment to sustain agriculture to feed and clothe the personnel, to generate exports sufficient to pay for imports, and to make at least the heavy replacement parts for the equipment itself. The colony should also preferably grow from an early capital investment rather than continuing to require massive equipment transports from earth in order to expand operations.

===Imports/Expenditures===
Treating the colony as a single financial entity, its ongoing expenditures will be equal to the cost of ongoing imports.

===Exports/Revenues/Profits===
Treating the colony as a single financial entity, its ongoing revenues will be equal to the ongoing proceeds from exports. Profits in a given period will be equal to revenues minus expenditures in that period. In the single financial entity model the profit of the colony in a period thus equals proceeds from exports minus the cost of imports during that period.

===Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of Investments===
Given a series of cash flows, for example annual expenditures and revenues over a period of thirty years, and an interest rate, the NPV function computes the net present value of these cash flows at the start of the series. It is in other words the net present value of profits to be expected by the investors. NPV should exceed the initial capital investment (or alternatively, if capital investments are counted as cash flows, NPV should be positive).

In NPV analysis risk is represented by increasing the interest rate (the "risk premium"). If risk is not fairly evenly distributed over time NPV is less accurate and real options analysis is required for both for accuracy and for designing better strategies. However for most purposes NPV is fine, and it's also easier (you can use a spreadsheet, whereas real options analysis requires more sophisticated software).

In the model treating the colony as a single financial entity, the cash flows in a period are just the proceeds from exports (positive) and the costs of imports (negative) in that period. The net present value of the ongoing exports and imports should exceed the initial investment given an interest rate that includes a risk premium reflecting the risks of the financial failure of the colony.

The internal rate of return (IRR) of an investment gives us the rate of return as an output instead of the interest rate as an input. The initial capital investment is treated as a cash flow in the first period(s).

For more information, see your spreadsheet's help pages for "NPV", "IRR", and related functions.

==Golden Mars scenario==
I've been trying for a while now to inpretret that track in some sensible way. That is, which direction of travel, which wheel(s) caused which track, and so on. The most prosaic I've come up with is that Opp (I call him Opp) approached from the left, got its left-front and middle wheels a bit too far out into the sand, and did a sharp right turn to correct, leaving by the bottom of the frame.The most fun explanation is that Opp saw some Nascar drivers doing burnouts through the lunch room window while he was being built, and decided to emulate them on Mars when we weren't looking, forgetting the camera was on.I'm sure the rover drivers could tell us. Any of them lurking here?

===Make vs. Import Tradeoffs===

===Initial Capital Investments===

===Imports/Expenditures===

Choosing where you can purchase this kind of is often the dnmdnaieg encounter simply because you might not understand how to obtain the least expensive costs or even that electric outlet may include this particular make of purse you need to purchase.

===Net Present Value of Investments===

== Reference ==
<references/>

siger:There are actually quite a lot of dealtis like that to take into consideration. That is a nice level to carry up. I provide the ideas above as general inspiration however clearly there are questions just like the one you carry up the place an important factor can be working in trustworthy good faith. I don?t know if finest practices have emerged round things like that, however I am certain that your job is clearly identified as a fair game. Each girls and boys really feel the impact of only a second’s pleasure, for the remainder of their lives.

User:Laertes

2012-05-20T12:15:32Z

Spriditis: spam

Deletion

2012-05-02T08:22:14Z

Spriditis: Added 23 pages for deletion

Although we want to have all material due to [[Main_Page#Marspedia Policies|Marspedia Policies]] there are some cases making the deletion of articles, images or categories necessary. These are:

* Somebody creates an article, image or category with a misspelled name inadvertently. When she/he becomes aware of it, she/he wants to get rid of it.
* Two articles on the same subject are merged. Usually a [[Marspedia:Redirection|redirection]] is the right thing to do, but in certain cases one of the names might be useless.
* A category might become useless after a change in the [http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Main category tree].
* An article, picture or category has been posted by a vandal.
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Anybody can nominate an article, image or category for deletion by just listing it in the appropriate section below. The deletion itself can only be done by a user with sysop permission. The deletion log can be viewed [http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=delete&user=&page= here].

==Articles for deletion==
*<del>[[Create an Article to this category]] (obviously inadvertently created)</del> -- article removed by [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 13:29, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
* <del>[[Marspedia:Privacy policy]] (gibberish vandalism)</del> -- article removed by [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 02:41, 10 November 2007 (UTC).
*<del>[[Atmsopheric processing]] -- Typo. Contents moved. Now it is a useless redirection page.</del> -- article with name typo deleted by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 03:59, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
*<S>[[Penis]]</S> (gibberish vandalism) deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 10:53, 19 February 2009
*<S>[[Massage]]</S> (gibberish vandalism) deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 11:29, 27 June 2009 (UTC)
*<del>[[Solar heat engine]] (redundant, see also [[User talk:Rfc#An article to delete]])</del> (author requested) deleted by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 00:10, 18 March 2010 (UTC)
*[[Otherwise Continent' Concept]] seemingly off topic, seemingly poor translation of Russian text, cites Russian lanuage web pages as sources. See [[Talk:Otherwise Continent' Concept]]
: I would like to give the author a few more days to put the article in the correct context (see also [[User talk:PPark|PPark's talk page]]). -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 16:01, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
::The title is now a redirect that is not needed. There is not much reason to further consider deletion. --[[User:Farred|Farred]] 15:57, 21 September 2010 (UTC)
*<del>[[Climbing]] is seemingly a copyright violation. If it is not a violation and we remove it anyway, it is a small loss. It is not vital to our topic. It was created by User:76.114.114.75 on the 31st of August 2010. He has not made any other contribution since. See [[Talk:Climbing|the articles talk page]]. --[[User:Farred|Farred]] 16:06, 21 September 2010 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:30, 3 June 2011

*<del>[[At the USA Weight Lifting certification in Mesa AZ]] advertising -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 16:44, 6 February 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[About to go in and take the PMP certification exam Say a prayer for me 53980]] advertising -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 13:15, 9 February 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[Im referring to the cigarette 61]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[Every fag smoked cuts at least five minutes of life on average 74]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[Ladies smoking cigarette RETWEET if you do not SMOKE 14]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:44, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*[[Vaping or Smoking]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:12, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[I hate those dreams about the Student Loans Co too 71]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[Telecoms firm offers small business credits 4]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[Loans im paying for myself 24]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 22:20, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[Medical_Billing_and_Coding_to_Improve_Business_Profit]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 18:40, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Iphal1710]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:38, 16 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Rethoff1758]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 02:36, 19 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User:Physician123]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:59, 19 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Motagc1239]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:28, 21 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Esphy1638]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:05, 24 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[Good_movies_to_watch_on_netflix]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:20, 26 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Plimdirt1754]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:20, 26 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Treatal1849]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 23:24, 28 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Privic1276]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 11:29, 29 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Rockthol1415]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 20:17, 30 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Ferla1578]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 19:41, 31 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User:Jobdescriptions]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 19:41, 31 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User:Shanecl1985]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:46, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Drivingschools6]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:46, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Faesou1177]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 21:50, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Shanschools]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 19:36, 5 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Kisisel-Blog&action]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 20:24, 6 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Ruzgar-Enerjisi]] spam -- [[Special:Contributions/87.226.36.122|87.226.36.122]] 03:41, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Ruzgar-Enerjisi-Turbinleri]] spam -- [[Special:Contributions/87.226.36.122|87.226.36.122]] 03:41, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Ruzgar-Enerjisi-Nedir]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 20:11, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Fieprac1511]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 22:24, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Praven1693]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 22:24, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Barajohnso]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 22:24, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Ruzgar-Enerjisi-Maliyeti]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:36, 15 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Ruzgar-Enerjisi-Fiyatlari]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:36, 15 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Owdothesysfiten]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:36, 15 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Isac1162]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:36, 15 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Ruzgar-Enerjisi-Sistemleri]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 07:53, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Important_things_about_filling_out_Spanish_courses_in_Madrid]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:04, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Vanessa_hudgens_boyfriend_josh]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 05:29, 21 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Ruzgar-Enerjisi-Santralleri]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 18:20, 22 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Turkiyede-Ruzgar-Enerjisi]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:10, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[Deciding_on_eating_plan_meals_for_bodyweight_loss_based_on_nutrients]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 03:51, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
*[[Aikido]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:51, 16 February 2012 (UTC)
*[[WordPress-Kurulumu]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:43, 21 February 2012 (UTC)
*[[WordPress-Temalari]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:43, 21 February 2012 (UTC)
*[[WordPress-Destek]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:43, 21 February 2012 (UTC)
*[[WordPress-Eklentileri]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:43, 21 February 2012 (UTC)
*[[Software_Terbaik_Akuntansi_Keuangan]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 17:04, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
*[[Kumpulan_Software_Akuntansi_Laporan_Keuangan_yang_terbaik]] spam -- *[[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 17:04, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
*[[Free_hcg_diet_cookbook_download]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 16:47, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
*[[In_.I_m_just_sick_and_tired]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Harryspage]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[I_am_not_sure_in_regards_to_you,]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[If_you_wish_to_invest_in]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Celtic_artwork_is_delicate,...]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[The_John_Deere_2320_Price_is_definitely_astounding]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Prams_have_many_compa...]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Conklingdavid]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Uncover_Great_bargains_on_Excellent_Hotels_on_South_Beach]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Ankaranak]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Separate_experiments_by_credit_score_and...]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Among_the_problems_with_obtaining_people_to_your]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 15:41, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Your_Guide_to_Binary_Options_Signals]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 15:41, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[KorgKaossilatorProisreallyanawesomemusicdigitalsynthesizer]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 15:41, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[So,_you_could_have_found_out_the]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 15:41, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Understand_Details_about_4d_singapore]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 15:41, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Black_jack,_also_referred_to_as_21_Chemin]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Hotels_on_South_Beach_tend_to_be_truly_terrific]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Weiyi]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Weiyi]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Part_of_your_dwelling_which_are_neglected_by]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[The_concept_of_net_has_captured_just]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Picking_the_best_House_Games_for_your_own_Child]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[We_go_through_our_world_over_the_eye]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Sunlight_worshipers_throughout_the_world_love_to]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Jonhsonspage]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Stability_is_a_factor_after_you_participate]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Currently,_a_lot_of_people_need]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[You_should_retain_position_in_order]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Trying_to_find_a_great_calculator]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[WordPress-Codex]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[It_is_really_an_in_poor_health_breeze]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Trying_to_find_quality_amazon_coupons]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Seeking_a_quality_amazon_promotional_code]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[Watch_Wrestlemania_28_Online]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 10:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
*[[WordPress-ipuclari]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[WordPress-Haberleri]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[The_original_teaching_context_models_itself_outside_the]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Memory_foam_mattress_toppers_are_quite_cozy]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Memory_foam_mattress_toppers_are_really_cozy]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[The_professionally_made_corporate_video_clip]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Tucson_Personal_Trainer_Will_assist_you_to_accomplish_Improvement]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Personal_Trainer_Tucson_Will_allow_you_to_obtain_Results]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[WordPress-SEO]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Everybody_knows_stress_is_not_really_good]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Berita_terbaru_reports_are_packed_with_info]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[The_overall_volume_of_mis-sold_PPI_provides_raised]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Kletterseil.co]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Eu-fahrschule.beepworld.de]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Edinburgh_Web_Design]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Property_in_Brazil]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Blown_glass_chandeliers_are_wonderful_and_exquisite]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Aiming_to_avoid_plagiarism]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Dad_and_mom_have_been_raising]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Looking_for_a_Buy_Links_Service]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[After_this_online_game_A_Instruction_to_Manchesters_Perfect_Hotels]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[As_you_hire_the_campervan_or_motorhome]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[A_Music_File_Organizer_is_absolutely_useful]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Resume_templates_can_be_extremely_advantageous]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Ready_to_look_good_Wish_to]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[An_Unemployment_Extension_can_be_quite_useful]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Travel_Greece_is_a_superb_solution_to_learn_about_information]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Here_are_some_things_that_every_person]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Andrecummins19]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[It_might_happen_to_anybody_-_a_debilitating]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Would_like_to_know_what_the]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Ernest77]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[It_can_be_always_amazed_myself]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[Yamaha_ef2000is_is_incredible]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
*[[At_natural_talent_promotion_centres,_marketplace_pros]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[There_are_plenty_of_steer_companies_available]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[We_are_all_aware_with_regards_to_going]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Nothing_is_like_gaining_knowledge_through_your_problems,]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Leg_Pain_While_Walking_help_Treatment_Options_When]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[From_a_technical_perspective,_a_sequence]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[This_Is_The_Site_If_You_Are_Searching_For_The_Best_Registry_Cleaner]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Advice_about_social_security_thailand]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Current_high_school_graduates_could_be_interested_in]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Planning_to_Play_Angry_Birds_Space]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[During_these_times,_there_are_actually_hundreds_of]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[You_have_heard_that_old_saying]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[So,_that_you_are_tilting_in]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Telesales,_telesales,_cool_calling_and_marketing_relating]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Have_you_been_wondering_the_way]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[There_is_not_any_shortage_of_people_wishing]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Marspeh]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Marspe]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Marst]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Mah]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[Marspedia:S]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[And_the_words_suits_totally_to]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[When_trying_to_find_brand-new_replacement]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 08:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

==Images for deletion==
*<del>[[:Image:Reprap-small.jpg]] (for copyright reasons)</del> clarified -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 18:07, 7 July 2008 (UTC)
* <del>[[:Image:UniversalBricks01.gif]] is no longer needed. A better picture is available instead. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 21:29, 17 October 2008 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 00:18, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

The following files were uploaded by [[user:PPark]]. I explained him that only English is allowed on Marspedia. No adequate reaction from him ever since.
* [[:File:Динамика автономизации.gif]] is pure russian regarding filename and contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:ГечвоК морфология.gif]] is pure russian regarding filename and contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:ГечвоК оси апр2009.gif]] is pure russian regarding filename and contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:TotalProfit OtherContin.gif‎]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:Struct OtherContin super.gif]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:Progr OtherContin super.gif‎]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:CashTraces OtherContin.gif]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:CashFlow OtherContin.gif]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

The following files were posted by adverising bot.
* [[:File:Certification 954.jpg]] advertising -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 16:44, 6 February 2011 (UTC)
* [[:File:Certification 2212.jpg]] advertising -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 13:15, 9 February 2011 (UTC)
* <del>[[:File:Electronic cigarette 3035.jpg]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
* <del>[[:File:Electronic cigarette 3980.jpg]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
* <del>[[:File:Electronic cigarette 2312.jpg]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:44, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
* [[:File:Student_loans_991.jpg]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* [[:File:Student_loans_4409.jpg]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* [[:File:Student_loans_706.jpg]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 22:20, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

==Categories for deletion==
*[http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Mirrored_from_Lunarp Category:Mirrored from Lunarp] - Created in error.
* <del>[http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Human_Missions Category:Human Missions] (This category is redundant with "Manned Missions", is not part of the tree, is not used with an article and thus is useless.)</del> - category removed by [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 20:14, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
*<del>'''Category:MarsDrive''' - This category is not part of the tree, - is styled as if it were an article, - is not used with an article, - is a violation of GNU Free Document License (copy from wikipedia).</del> - category removed by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 22:16, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

==Redirects for deletion==
*''[[Space Suit]] (capital letter starts the second word. This is only a dead redirect.)'' -- no need to delete, redirect still operating. May delete later if required. [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 22:07, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
*''[[Space Suits]] (plural. This is only a dead redirect.)'' -- redirect edited to "Space suit", may delete at a later time. [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 22:07, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
*[[Mars 105]] and [[Mars-105]] (Dead redirect pages. These redirect pages have names that actually do not exist.)

==Request for cleanup==
*[[Marspedia:About]] - SysOP needs to undo edit by [[User:Silverlady100|Silverlady100]] - not possible to revent due "This page has been locked to prevent editing"

[[Category:Cleanup]]

Mining

2012-04-23T10:37:58Z

Spriditis: Undo revision 6697 by Jammie Cockrell (Talk) spam

Overpopulation

2012-04-23T10:37:52Z

Spriditis: Undo revision 6696 by Jammie Cockrell (Talk) spam

'''Overpopulation''' is when the [[population]] is too large to be supported by the [[local resources|environment]]. In worst case the whole population becomes unstable and develops to the verge of extinction.

The population on [[Earth]] is steadily growing, and Earth is already showing signs of overpopulation. Colonization of [[Mars]] may reduce the problems of overpopulation on Earth.

However, overpopulation is also a threat to a colony if the production and consumption is increasingly out of balance. A population does not necessarily have to grow, but if it does, the available vital resources must be considered. Knowing the resource limitation, there must be a limitation in the population's growth.

In Martian [[greenhouse]]s an overpopulation of certain [[insects]] can be a potential threat to the food production. The equilibrium of the artificial biosphere must be taken care of.

==Limiting a population's growth==
This paragraph lists a number of principles, regardless of the moral aspects. Some are already performed in human society, others are common natural processes in natural animal populations.

===Lawful birth control===

====Penalty for surplus offspring====
In 1979 China introduced the ''One Child Policy'', allowing only one child per couple. The results are not satisfying and it is highly controversial. One of the negative side effects is the growing imbalance of female and male babies.

====Sterilization====
This is a very common method for animals. It has been studied as a method for human birth control, but is unethical.

====Education about birth control====
In third world countries, where people are uneducated about birth control, populations are rising. In first world countries, where people are educated, populations are falling. Educating people about birth control will help limit the population.

===Natural limitation===

====Limited food====
Energetically, a population can not grow beyond a certain size. The limit is reached with the equilibrium of the energy consumption of their member's metabolism and the energy contents of the available [[food]].

====Predators====
Scientists found out that if the sharks in the sea become extinct, this will be a catastrophe for the ecological maritime system. Some herbivore fish would reproduce explosively, eating up certain plants, starting a whole chain reaction of extinction of many species.

==How a Martian colony can help solving Earth's overpopulation problem==
Some people might think, we simply bring parts of the Earth's population to Mars, thus reducing the number of persons living from Earth's resources. Unfortunately, this does not work out, because the transportation effort and the kick-off support for the Martian colony consumes far more terrestrial resources than the resettled part of the population would ever use for a regular life on Earth.

But salvation could come from the economical principles of such a colony, which are fundamentally different from the terrestrial. The Martian colony is bound to complete [[recycling]] and live with extremely limited [[energy]], and all this must function in a local site. Special technology needs to be introduced to meet these requirements, and the experience with this technology on Mars can be used by communities on Earth, as well. This way, the officials on Earth will hopefully gain an environmental awareness and learn how to live in a balanced way on it's own resources.

==External links==
*[http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/onechild.htm China's One Child Policy]

[[Category: Human Considerations]]
[[Category: Biospherics]]

Deletion

2012-04-17T09:27:39Z

Spriditis: Added 34 pages for deletion

Although we want to have all material due to [[Main_Page#Marspedia Policies|Marspedia Policies]] there are some cases making the deletion of articles, images or categories necessary. These are:

* Somebody creates an article, image or category with a misspelled name inadvertently. When she/he becomes aware of it, she/he wants to get rid of it.
* Two articles on the same subject are merged. Usually a [[Marspedia:Redirection|redirection]] is the right thing to do, but in certain cases one of the names might be useless.
* A category might become useless after a change in the [http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Main category tree].
* An article, picture or category has been posted by a vandal.
* An article or picture has been created (maybe unwittingly) in violation of copyright.

Anybody can nominate an article, image or category for deletion by just listing it in the appropriate section below. The deletion itself can only be done by a user with sysop permission. The deletion log can be viewed [http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=delete&user=&page= here].

==Articles for deletion==
*<del>[[Create an Article to this category]] (obviously inadvertently created)</del> -- article removed by [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 13:29, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
* <del>[[Marspedia:Privacy policy]] (gibberish vandalism)</del> -- article removed by [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 02:41, 10 November 2007 (UTC).
*<del>[[Atmsopheric processing]] -- Typo. Contents moved. Now it is a useless redirection page.</del> -- article with name typo deleted by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 03:59, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
*<S>[[Penis]]</S> (gibberish vandalism) deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 10:53, 19 February 2009
*<S>[[Massage]]</S> (gibberish vandalism) deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 11:29, 27 June 2009 (UTC)
*<del>[[Solar heat engine]] (redundant, see also [[User talk:Rfc#An article to delete]])</del> (author requested) deleted by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 00:10, 18 March 2010 (UTC)
*[[Otherwise Continent' Concept]] seemingly off topic, seemingly poor translation of Russian text, cites Russian lanuage web pages as sources. See [[Talk:Otherwise Continent' Concept]]
: I would like to give the author a few more days to put the article in the correct context (see also [[User talk:PPark|PPark's talk page]]). -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 16:01, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
::The title is now a redirect that is not needed. There is not much reason to further consider deletion. --[[User:Farred|Farred]] 15:57, 21 September 2010 (UTC)
*<del>[[Climbing]] is seemingly a copyright violation. If it is not a violation and we remove it anyway, it is a small loss. It is not vital to our topic. It was created by User:76.114.114.75 on the 31st of August 2010. He has not made any other contribution since. See [[Talk:Climbing|the articles talk page]]. --[[User:Farred|Farred]] 16:06, 21 September 2010 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:30, 3 June 2011

*<del>[[At the USA Weight Lifting certification in Mesa AZ]] advertising -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 16:44, 6 February 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[About to go in and take the PMP certification exam Say a prayer for me 53980]] advertising -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 13:15, 9 February 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[Im referring to the cigarette 61]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[Every fag smoked cuts at least five minutes of life on average 74]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*<del>[[Ladies smoking cigarette RETWEET if you do not SMOKE 14]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:44, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
*[[Vaping or Smoking]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:12, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[I hate those dreams about the Student Loans Co too 71]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[Telecoms firm offers small business credits 4]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[Loans im paying for myself 24]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 22:20, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
*[[Medical_Billing_and_Coding_to_Improve_Business_Profit]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 18:40, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Iphal1710]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 12:38, 16 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Rethoff1758]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 02:36, 19 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User:Physician123]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:59, 19 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Motagc1239]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:28, 21 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Esphy1638]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:05, 24 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[Good_movies_to_watch_on_netflix]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:20, 26 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Plimdirt1754]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 09:20, 26 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Treatal1849]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 23:24, 28 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Privic1276]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 11:29, 29 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Rockthol1415]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 20:17, 30 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Ferla1578]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 19:41, 31 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User:Jobdescriptions]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 19:41, 31 December 2011 (UTC)
*[[User:Shanecl1985]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:46, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Drivingschools6]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 13:46, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User_talk:Faesou1177]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 21:50, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Shanschools]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 19:36, 5 January 2012 (UTC)
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==Images for deletion==
*<del>[[:Image:Reprap-small.jpg]] (for copyright reasons)</del> clarified -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 18:07, 7 July 2008 (UTC)
* <del>[[:Image:UniversalBricks01.gif]] is no longer needed. A better picture is available instead. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 21:29, 17 October 2008 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 00:18, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

The following files were uploaded by [[user:PPark]]. I explained him that only English is allowed on Marspedia. No adequate reaction from him ever since.
* [[:File:Динамика автономизации.gif]] is pure russian regarding filename and contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:ГечвоК морфология.gif]] is pure russian regarding filename and contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:ГечвоК оси апр2009.gif]] is pure russian regarding filename and contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:TotalProfit OtherContin.gif‎]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:Struct OtherContin super.gif]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:Progr OtherContin super.gif‎]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:CashTraces OtherContin.gif]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
* [[:File:CashFlow OtherContin.gif]] has pure russian contents. -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 20:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

The following files were posted by adverising bot.
* [[:File:Certification 954.jpg]] advertising -- [[User:Rfc|Rfc]] 16:44, 6 February 2011 (UTC)
* [[:File:Certification 2212.jpg]] advertising -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 13:15, 9 February 2011 (UTC)
* <del>[[:File:Electronic cigarette 3035.jpg]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
* <del>[[:File:Electronic cigarette 3980.jpg]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
* <del>[[:File:Electronic cigarette 2312.jpg]] spam -- [[User:spriditis|spriditis]] 17:44, 2 June 2011 (UTC)</del> deleted by [[User:Strangelv|Strangelv]] 18:33, 3 June 2011
* [[:File:Student_loans_991.jpg]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* [[:File:Student_loans_4409.jpg]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 14:29, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
* [[:File:Student_loans_706.jpg]] spam -- [[User:Spriditis|Spriditis]] 22:20, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

==Categories for deletion==
*[http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Mirrored_from_Lunarp Category:Mirrored from Lunarp] - Created in error.
* <del>[http://www.marspedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Human_Missions Category:Human Missions] (This category is redundant with "Manned Missions", is not part of the tree, is not used with an article and thus is useless.)</del> - category removed by [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 20:14, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
*<del>'''Category:MarsDrive''' - This category is not part of the tree, - is styled as if it were an article, - is not used with an article, - is a violation of GNU Free Document License (copy from wikipedia).</del> - category removed by [[User:Jarogers2001|Jarogers2001]] 22:16, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

==Redirects for deletion==
*''[[Space Suit]] (capital letter starts the second word. This is only a dead redirect.)'' -- no need to delete, redirect still operating. May delete later if required. [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 22:07, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
*''[[Space Suits]] (plural. This is only a dead redirect.)'' -- redirect edited to "Space suit", may delete at a later time. [[User:Ioneill|Ioneill]] 22:07, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
*[[Mars 105]] and [[Mars-105]] (Dead redirect pages. These redirect pages have names that actually do not exist.)

==Request for cleanup==
*[[Marspedia:About]] - SysOP needs to undo edit by [[User:Silverlady100|Silverlady100]] - not possible to revent due "This page has been locked to prevent editing"

[[Category:Cleanup]]

Deletion

2012-03-31T10:55:24Z

Spriditis: Added 19 pages for deletion

Sunlight

2012-03-23T09:04:59Z

Spriditis: Undo revision 6540 by 96.4.127.20 (Talk) spam

The [[Sun]] is on average 228 million km away from [[Mars]]. '''Sunlight''' takes 13 minutes to travel from the Sun to Mars with a power of 589 W/m2. It is not as bright as on [[Earth]] (1367 W/m2). No one has ever seen it, but it probably gives the impression of dawn or dusk during daytime. Colonists should have this impression only for a few days until their visual cortex adapts.

[[Image:sunset.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sunset photographed by Mars Rover Spirit]]

The Martian [[atmosphere]] does not filter sunlight as efficiently as on Earth, leaving too much UV ray and high energy particles to reach the surface. Life is considered not possible without additional shielding against [[cosmic radiation]] (perhaps highlighting the need for an [[Early warning system (solar radiation)|early warning system]]) and parts of the [[solar radiation|solar spectrum]].

The amount of usable energy on the surface is lower due to the rotation of the planet and the angle of the plain. Also, reflection and absorption ([[albedo]]) at the atmosphere must be considered. On Earth the annual usable energy per m2 is about 1000 kWh in Middle Europe and 2400 kWh in the Sahara.

Sunlight can be used for [[electricity|power generation]] by [[solar panel]]s and for growing [[plants]] in [[greenhouse]]s.

==Facts and figures==
"in the UK we receive an average power of about 125 Wm-2 whilst the Sahara Desert gets 250-300 Wm-2" <ref>[http://cms.ises.org/uploads2/SSF/pictures/materials/307/solarrad.PDF the SOLAR ENERGY society: Solar Radiation - Distribution and Availability of Solar Energy]</ref>.

With 24*365 hours per year this results in an average usable energy per m2 and year of 1095 kWh in the UK and 2190-2628 kWh in the Sahara.

==Open issues==
* What are the psychological and physiological effects of the permanent dim light on [[human]]s, [[animals]] and plants?
* Are there scientific facts of a positive effect of artificial light to compensate the lack of sunlight?
* What is the annual usable energy on Mars in the equator region?

==References==
<references/>

[[Category: Solar system]]
[[Category: Climate]]

Deletion

2012-03-20T15:41:03Z

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Deletion

2012-03-17T12:17:28Z

Spriditis: Added some pages for deletion

Deletion

2012-02-27T16:47:11Z

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2012-02-25T17:04:33Z

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Nuclear power

2012-02-25T17:01:25Z

Spriditis: Undo revision 6431 by 119.224.105.95 (Talk) vandalism

'''Nuclear Power''' is a method of [[energy]] generation. It uses nuclear fuel to produce heat, which is usually transformed into [[electricity]].

Nuclear power has been considered as the preferred energy source for most plans for medium- to long-term human expeditions to [[Mars]]. It does not depend on [[environmental conditions|weather conditions]].

The availability of radioactive resources on Mars is unclear. Due to the vast effort of the nuclear enrichment process the nuclear fuel must be brought from [[Earth]], preventing the [[settlement]] from being [[independence from Earth|independent from Earth]].

The maintenance effort of a legacy nuclear power station requires a huge staff. However, due to Russian plans to build a fully self-contained device on Mars the required maintenance staff comprises only 6 engineers.

==RTG==
[[Radioisotope thermoelectric generator]]s (abbr.: RTG) are simple devices. They produce a heat difference, transformed by a [[thermocouple]] to electrical energy. The maintenance effort is low.
However, RTGs do not provide enough power for a base.

==Nuclear reactor==
In a nuclear reactor the heat boils [[water]] to steam. [[turbine|Turbines]] are driven by the steam's pressure, spinning a dynamo to generate electric energy.

==Nuclear heating==
Heating [[greenhouse]]s and other [[building]]s may be done indirectly by the heat of the nuclear fission. The heat can be transported in pipes from the reactor to the buildings. Heat exchangers avoid nuclear pollution of the buildings.

==Open issues==
*What sort of nuclear fuel is needed?
*How long can the described nuclear power stations work without replenishment of nuclear fuel?
*What is known about nuclear resources on Mars?

==External links==
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3162129.stm BBC: Russia plans Mars nuclear station]

[[Category:Hi-tech]]
[[Category:Energy]]

Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction

2012-02-25T17:01:16Z

Spriditis: Undo revision 6430 by 92.99.198.116 (Talk) vandalism

The '''Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction''' (RWGS reaction) was discovered in the 19th century as a method of producing [[water]] from [[carbon dioxide]] and [[hydrogen]], with [[carbon monoxide]] as a side product. In the context of [[manned mission|human missions]] to [[Mars]], it has been proposed as a complement to the Sabatier/water electrolysis (SE) process to produce [[methane]] and [[oxygen]] from hydrogen and carbon dioxide on the surface. Alternatively, it can be used with water [[electrolysis]] to generate carbon monoxide and oxygen. The oxygen is used for breathing or as oxidizer, while the carbon monoxide can be used as a moderate specific-impulse fuel (with oxygen as the oxidizer) or as a feedstock to [[hydrocarbon synthesis|generate]] higher [[hydrocarbons]] (see [[Fischer-Tropsch reaction]])

==Process==

In the presence of a suitable catalyst, the reaction takes place according to this equation:

CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O (deltaH = +9 kcal/mole)

The reactor itself is very similar to a Sabatier unit; a simple steel pipe filled with catalyst. According to experiments done by Pioneer Astronautics in Lakewood, Colorado, the best catalyst at low temperature for this reaction is silica consisting of 5% copper by weight and a smaller amount of [[nickel]]. This catalyst is exclusively selective to CO (i.e., it only produces carbon monoxide) with 60% conversion of CO2 to CO at 350o C, 150 torr, and a CO2/H2 feed ratio of 1/4.

==Applications==
===Production of oxygen===
The RWGS reaction’s chief attribute is that it, when used alongside water electrolysis, can generate any amount of oxygen from the equivalent amount of carbon dioxide with only a tiny amount of hydrogen. The hydrogen is recovered from the water via electrolysis and recycled back into the reactor’s feed end. When used with the Sabatier and water electrolysis reactions, the RWGS can provide an oxidizer/fuel (O/F) ratio of 3.5:1 (3.5 units of oxygen to 1 unit of methane) compared with 2:1 for the SE process alone. This is advantageous because a methane/oxygen engine reaches its highest specific impulse at this ratio.

However, the RWGS can be used in conjunction with water-electrolysis as an "infinite-leverage oxygen machine" to generate oxygen from carbon dioxide via a small amount of hydrogen.

===Production of carbon monoxide===
The side product carbon monoxide can be used to synthesize [[methane]], [[methanol]], and higher hydrocarbons such as ethylene and propylene, which are usable to produce further [[synthetic materials‎]] and for [[energy storage]]. The higher hydrocarbons are manufactured via the Fischer-Tropsch reactions, which use carbon monoxide and hydrogen as feedstocks.

==Advantages==

For the purposes of CO2 separation, the RWGS is far more efficient and requires a fraction of the power, compared to solid-oxide or molten carbonate electrolysis. It is also more rugged and reliable because it uses a simple steel pipe instead of multiple brittle tubes. For the same reason, a RWGS reactor can be scaled up (by adding more catalyst-filled pipes) to support a robotic sample return or human mission.

==Disadvantages==

This reaction has an low equilibrium constant even at temperatures of 400o C , so it must be fed with either a hydrogen-rich or a carbon dioxide-rich mixture to ensure satisfactory results, or you have to increase the operating temperature (equilibrium constant is 0.5 only at 750°C). Excess hydrogen (or excess carbon dioxide) is captured from the exhaust with a filtering membrane and fed back into the reactor.
The effective catalyst depends on the operating temperature : Corean used ZnO-Al catalysts for the Camere Process at 600°C but also ZnO-Cr can be used above 600°C. The activity of both catalysts is however too low below this temperature.

==References==

R. Zubrin, The Case for Mars, pp. 153

[[Category: ISRU]]
[[Category:chemistry]]

Marspedia:About

2012-02-23T23:10:07Z

Spriditis: Undo revision 6423 by JoyceSweeney (Talk) vandalism

=About MarsPedia=
MarsPedia is an official project of both [http://www.marssociety.org The Mars Society] and the Mars Foundation(tm)[http://marshome.org/][http://marsfoundation.org].

The Mars Society was founded in 1998 and the purpose of the Mars Society is to explore and settle the planet Mars.

The Mars Foundation was founded in 2004 to promote the permanent settlement of the planet Mars. MarsPedia's hosting and domain expenses are covered by donations from the Mars Foundation and individuals with shared interests in the goals of the Mars Foundation.

MarsPedia is currently in an early phase of development, and has been somewhat stalled for the past few years. The Mars Foundation is aware of this and working to raise funding and promote volunteerism for the MarsPedia project. If you are interested in helping with the development of MarsPedia, please Contact Us[http://marshome.org/contact.php].

=Differences versus Wikipedia=

There are several differences between Marspedia and Wikipedia in both policy and Wiki software capability.

==Marspedia Policies==

===Languages===
Currently, Marspedia is composed entirely of English-language articles. In time, and when established as a leading source in Mars-based information, Marspedia may be translated into a selection of modern languages to improve accessibility for international users. For now, we ask all users to create articles in English.

===Original Work is Allowed===
We are more open to material types than Wikipedia, and less interested in deleting material. Specifically, Wikipedia enforces a rule that all entries must NOT be "original work". That rule does not apply for Marspedia, we are very happy for you to post original work, provided it is not copyright. Therefore there is not so much duplication between Marspedia and Wikipedia as you might expect. For example, the Marspedia page on '''Insert Appropriate Link Here''' contains interesting material which under Wikipedia rules would be deleted because it is "original work".

Note: Once "original work" has been published on Marspedia, then anybody could put on Wikipedia a link to the Marspedia article, and that might be OK for Wikipedia as it would no longer be original work, and references are usually accepted over there. For those cases where you want to reference it elsewhere, we could arrange for it to become read-only protected.

===No Need to be Notable===

Wikipedia enforces a requirement that all articles about people or organizations must demonstrate why the subject is "notable". There is no such requirement on Marspedia, although there is a general expectation that it should somehow be related to Mars development.

===No Need to be Neutral===

You can advocate positions, but expect to be challenged. Conversely, do not just delete material you do not agree with, but feel free to add a rebuttal.

If you do advocate positions, please do so in a manner that makes it obvious that it is your personal position and not that of Marspedia as a whole. You can do this using the tags <nowiki>'''''{{PersPosArticle}} ~~~'''''</nowiki> or <nowiki>'''''{{PersPosSection}} ~~~'''''</nowiki> which would display something like so:

'''''{{PersPosArticle}} [[User:MikeD|MikeD]]''''' 
'''''{{PersPosSection}} [[User:MikeD|MikeD]]'''''

===Commercial Links are OK===

It is perfectly fine to highlight products or services, including both your own and those of other persons or companies. Just make sure it is relevant.

==Software Capabilities==

Marspedia uses the latest stable version of Mediawiki, so in many respects it is very similar to Wikipedia. At the time of writing this, we were running version 1.11.1 while 1.13alpha was the unreleased development version.

===Interwiki===
Interwiki is now supported between Marspedia and it's sister sites Lunarpedia and ExoDictionary. To use interwiki you just use tags like:

:<nowiki>[[exd:Sandbox]], [[lunarp:Sandbox]], [[marsp:Sandbox]] and [[spacep:Sandbox]]</nowiki>.

These would take you to:

:[[exd:Sandbox]], [[lunarp:Sandbox]], [[marsp:Sandbox]] and [[spacep:Sandbox]] respectively.

Other examples would be:

:<nowiki>[[exd:Azimuth]], [[lunarp:Carbon economy]], [[marsp:Mars Express]] and [[spacep:ISDC_2007]]</nowiki>.

These would take you to:

:[[exd:Azimuth]], [[lunarp:Carbon economy]], [[marsp:Mars Express]] and [[spacep:ISDC_2007]] respectively.

'''The interwiki prefixes on the other sites are identical.'''

===Installed Extensions we admit to===

*CategoryTree
*Cite
*ImageMap
*MathStatFunctions
*ParserFunctions
*SpamBlacklist - Should we admit to having this or will that only encourage the idots to waste their time and sometimes ours
*Spellcheck
*articletocategory
*create
*inputbox

We recently added the footnote capability to Marspedia, so that is now the same.

Other differences:

* Wikipedia has some cool citation templates which we might add
* Wikipedia reflist template is not available i.e. {{reflist}}
* the Wikipedia [citation needed] template is not available: {{Fact|date=March 2007}}.

* [http://www.spencer-tech.com/my_scripts/mp3_player free web mp3 player] is another officially admitted Wiki extension. It will help you to add music files to your web site and allow your visitors to listen to them. It's very easy to install and absolutely free.

Extensions in the pipeline (maybe):

*Graphviz
*TeX Editor (This is really nice but we had to disable it as there seemed to be a security issue with it)
*WikiTeX (Will take quite some time to install, has a plethora of dependencies)

[[category:Help]][[category:Main Page Maintenance]]

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Landing on Mars

2012-01-19T07:51:29Z

Spriditis: Undo revision 6343 by 109.230.216.60 (Talk) vandalism

Landing on Mars is a difficult problem.

<blockquote>To date over 60% of the missions [to the Martian surface] have failed. The scientists and engineers of these undertakings use phrases like "Six Minutes of Terror," and "The Great Galactic Ghoul" to illustrate their experiences, evidence of the anxiety that's evoked by sending a robotic spacecraft to Mars — even among those who have devoted their careers to the task. But mention sending a human mission to land on the Red Planet, with payloads several factors larger than an unmanned spacecraft and the trepidation among that same group grows even larger.<ref name="MarsLanding"> http://www.universetoday.com/2007/07/17/the-mars-landing-approach-getting-large-payloads-to-the-surface-of-the-red-planet/ </ref> </blockquote>

If we need a four hundred foot diameter parachute manufactured in space out of aluminum oxide fiber and sent to Mars in stiff deployed condition instead of being packed, we will not learn about it unless we see a need to experiment. Such a parachute might merit investigation. It would avoid opening shock and might be sufficiently heat resistant to maintain structural integrity during the entire descent in Mars' low gravity well. The larger the diameter of the parachute, the less the max g loading. So let us be honest with ourselves about all necessary colonization technology.

The expected max temperature for ballistic entry into Mars atmosphere is expected to be a thousand or more Kelvin degrees above the melting point of aluminum oxide so coating course aluminum oxide fibers with potassium oxide which decomposes at 490 Centigrade might protect the fibers through atmospheric entry by ablative cooling or it might not. A mixture of potassium and sodium oxides as a coating or Teflon as a coating are things that are conceivable. Engineers in this specialty would have a better idea.

== High Lift Vertical Landing Vehicle ==

Another alternative with a greater probability of working, but possibly high cost, is a delta winged entry vehicle or lifting body with insulation like that on the space shuttle. The insulation would be somewhat cheaper because Mars atmospheric entry is less demanding than Earth reentry. After losing most of its orbital velocity to the atmosphere by heating the atmosphere in passing, this vehicle would fly supersonic close to the ground then ignite its rockets for landing. Then it would perform a Pugachev's Cobra<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Cobra</ref> maneuver losing horizontal velocity by drag and by rocket thrust. It would then touch down on its tail. Rocket thrust directly into the supersonic slipstream of Mars' atmosphere will not work to safely land on Mars because the supersonic slipstream that the lander flies into would carry the noise of the rocket exhaust right back to the lander. The potential for the chaotic forces of this rocket noise to destabilize the lander's orientation and damage its structure rule out this technique. In the Pugachev's Cobra maneuver, rocket thrust is never directed directly into the supersonic slipstream. The rocket thrust always has a vertical component while the slipstream moves horizontally until the slip stream velocity is reduced to a negligible value.

This sort of vehicle might approach the point of entering a Pugachev's Cobra maneuver by flying horizontally near Mars' surface while increasing angle of attack to maintain lift while killing velocity. At a pitch attitude of 45 degrees there is little lift left to be gained by increasing angle of attack. This should occur at about Mach 2.5, which is about 600 meters per second on Mars. Then the rockets are ignited generating two Mars gravities of acceleration and the angle of attack is further increased past 90 degrees to generate negative lift and keep the vehicle in horizontal flight. As the speed decreases and negative lift generated by the wings decreases, the pitch angle is increased to reduce the component of rocket thrust in the vertical direction and increase the component of rocket thrust directed to braking. As the vehicle eventually slows to a stop in horizontal motion, a combination of throttling and thrust deflection reduces thrust to about 1 Mars gravity, the vehicle moves to a 90 degree pitch angle and settles on its tail. A guesstimate of the required rocket delta V for killing the last 600 meters per second and landing in this way is about 850 meters per second. This includes the amount of speed lost to atmospheric drag and very substantial gravity losses.

== Another Alternative is the Sky Crane ==

<blockquote>the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, weighing 775 kilograms (versus MER at 175.4 kilograms each) requires an entirely new landing architecture. Too massive for airbags, the small-car sized rover will use a landing system dubbed the Sky Crane. "Even though some people laugh when they first see it, my personal view is that the Sky Crane is actually the most elegant system we've come up with yet, and the simplest," said Manning. MSL will use a combination of a rocket-guided entry with a heat shield, a parachute, then thrusters to slow the vehicle even more, followed by a crane-like system that lowers the rover on a cable for a soft landing directly on its wheels. Depending on the success of the Sky Crane with MSL, it's likely that this system can be scaled for larger payloads, but probably not the size needed to land humans on Mars. (See Ref #1) </blockquote>

== A Sure Way to Land on Mars ==
A sure but expensive way to land on Mars with a ten metric ton vehicle is to build a heat shield in orbit around Earth and send it to Mars as part of the spacecraft. After the heat shield slows the spacecraft, rockets bring it to a safe stop on Mars. Since Mars' atmosphere at the surface is one hundredth the density of Earth's atmosphere at the surface, make the heat shield proportionally bigger. Considering that the 12,250 pound Apollo command module was 12.8 feet in diameter, a ten metric ton Mars lander should have a 52 meter diameter heat shield. Assembled from 127 roughly hexagonal pieces about 4 meters in diameter, this would be a hexagonal heat shield instead of a round one. That should do. Each hexagonal piece would have a layer of ablative material on one side of a hexagon of aircraft grade aluminum. Aluminum t cross section extrusions would be fastened to the Aluminum sheet as stiffeners. In orbit, two hexagon sections would have their ablative sections butted against each other, protrusions fitting into cavities. A small gap would remain between the aluminum sheets. A 2 inch strip along the edge of each aluminum sheet would be pre-coated with brazing material. A 4 inch wide strip of aluminum to join them would likewise be coated with brazing material on one side. A ridge on the joining strip would fit in the gap between the aluminum hexagons. Then an iron heated to the right temperature would be placed on the joining strip and left for the right time. When the iron is removed and the piece cools the two hexagons make one piece with brazing material partially filling the gap between the two hexagons and rounding out the corner where the hexagons meet the joining strip. Likewise, a trusswork joining the stiffeners of all of the hexagons would be assembled by the same brazing technique and make the whole heat shield one strong rigid light weight piece. Some work has already been done considering robotic truss assembly on orbit. [http://www.ri.cmu.edu/publication_view.html?pub_id=1691 Light-Weight Mobile Robot for Space Station Trusswork] A cone section for the sphere-cone reentry vehicle would also need to be built or a somewhat different shaped section serving the same aerodynamic function, avoiding excessive, uncontrolled and chaotic side slip.

The advantage of sending up a ten ton vehicle, many pieces of heat shield and a robotic assembly station two make a big heat shield as compared to sending up a vehicle with heat shield and parachutes on an Ares V is that the big assembled-on-orbit heat shield would allow a 10 ton vehicle to land cargo safely on Mars while the Ares V scheme would not land cargo or people safely on Mars. Mars direct would do no better. See [http://www.universetoday.com/2007/07/17/the-mars-landing-approach-getting-large-payloads-to-the-surface-of-the-red-planet/ The mars landing Approach: Getting Large Payloads to the Surface of the Red Planet]

Just as all economic activity in orbit so far has been done by robots, assembling a spacecraft to go to Mars should be done by robots and setting up the infrastructure for people to survive on Mars should be done by robots. There are some technical difficulties with this approach that must be addressed, but they seem likely to be amenable to solution.

=== Terminal Velocity of the Big Heat Shield Vehicle ===
For a rough estimate take as a starting point the estimated terminal velocity for the Apollo reentry vehicle. Estimate that the square of the terminal velocity is directly proportional to mass and the force of gravity and inversely proportional to air density and cross sectional area. The 10 metric ton vehicle with a 52 meter diameter heat shield should then have a terminal velocity less than 56 meters per second (125 miles per hour) at Mars' surface. If near the end of this descent a hole is burst through the bottom of the heat shield in the center right under the payload and hinges swing that portion of the heat shield out of the way, then retro rockets can fire at an altitude of 160 meters for 5.1 seconds with an acceleration of 11 meters per second squared and bring the payload to a stop about 17 meters above the heat shield that crashes into Mars. A few more seconds for horizontal maneuvering and throttling the rocket motor brings the payload safely to Mars on landing legs. A guesstimate of the required rocket delta V for this maneuver is about 68 meters per second.

== References ==
<references/>

Needed Articles

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This is the global collection of lists of articles that are needed by [[Marspedia]] and shall be a guide for authors, who want to start new articles without knowing which direction to go.

If you feel there is a list missing then please create it! Try to avoid creating empty lists - and keep the [[Marspedia:About#Marspedia_Policies|Marspedia policies]] in mind. You can create a missing list or work on an existing list. Both this list and the listed lists are maintained manually.

Eventually, most of the links here should go from missing to existing, meaning this framework's goal will have been achieved.

Please do not hesitate to update everything and bring in your ideas.

To use this list:
* To add more types of articles, insert the names of one or more desired lists on this page. Be sure to use <nowiki>"[[" and "]]"</nowiki> to make it a link
* Click on missing list links to open an editor window to supply a missing list.
** Insert applicable article names into the new list, also with <nowiki>"[[" and "]]"</nowiki> each.
** The new list should contain the line <nowiki>{{Bootstrap}}</nowiki> at the top.

=='''A'''==
[[List of Academia]] 
[[List of Agricultural Products]] 
[[List of Agricultural Technologies]] 
[[List of Analog Station Efforts]] 
[[List of Analog Station Designs]] 
[[List of Architectural Concepts]] 
[[List of Areas of Research]] 
[[List of Areological Articles]] 
[[List of Arts and Crafts]] 

=='''B'''==
[[List of Biosphere Technologies]] 
[[List of Books]] 
[[List of Boosters]] 
[[List of Business Models]] 

=='''C'''==
[[List of Construction Materials]] 

=='''E'''==
[[List of Export Markets]] 
[[List of Exports]] 
[[List of Electrical Considerations]] 

=='''H'''==
[[List of Habitat Concepts]] 
[[List of Health and Fitness]] 
[[List of Historical Articles]] 

=='''I'''==
[[List of Import Markets]] 
[[List of Imports]] 
[[List of Industrialization Articles]] 
[[List of Infrastructure Considerations]] 
[[List of ISRU|List of In-situ Resource Utilization Methods]] 

=='''L'''==
[[List of Logistical Considerations]] 
[[List of Mars Based Sciences]] 

=='''M'''==
[[List of Major Settlement Challenges]] 
[[List of Maps]] 
[[List of Mission Designs and Options]] -- not presently existing reference missions to design 
[[List of Modules]] 

=='''O'''==
[[List of Online Resources]] 
[[List of Outpost Activities]] 
[[List of Outpost Concepts]] 

=='''P'''==
[[List of People]] 
[[List of Planned Missions]] 
[[List of Propulsion Systems]] 
[[List of Medical Risks]] 
[[List of Publications]] 

=='''R'''==
[[List of Recreation]] 
[[List of Resource Development Articles]] 
[[List of Resources]] 
[[List of Robotic Missions]] 
[[List of Robots]] 

=='''S'''==
[[List of Settlement Business Ideas]] 
[[List of Settlement Locations]] 
[[List of Shielding Options]] 
[[List of Site Management Issues]] 
[[List of Space Facilities]] 
[[List of Space Station and Module Companies]] 
[[List of Standards]] 

=='''T'''==
[[List of Terraforming Issues]] 
[[List of Time Issues]] 
[[List of Transportation Systems]] 

=='''U'''==
[[List of Unmanned Sites]] 
[[List of Urban Planning]] 

[[Category:Bootstrap lists]]

Mars Express

2012-01-19T07:51:04Z

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[[Image:Mars Express X orbit 2a-new.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Artists impression of the Mars Express orbiter]]

'''Mars Express''' was launched on June 2, 2003 from [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] (Kazakhstan) on a [[Soyuz-Fregat rocket]] to search for water and the possibility of Martian life. Consisting of a low-cost orbiter and lander, ''Mars Express'' is a [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) mission to the Red Planet involving a consortium of countries (primarily France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Spain, and the United States). In February 2007, ''Mars Express'' was granted a second mission extension until May 2009.

==Mission Overview==
[[Image:Mars express logo.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Official [[ESA]] Mars Express mission logo.]]
''Mars Express'' was a two-component mission consisting of the ''Mars Express Orbiter'' and [[Beagle 2]] lander. Unfortunately, the ''Beagle 2'' lander failed on entry into the Martian atmosphere and was lost on Christmas Day, 2003. The crash site of ''Beagle 2'' was later imaged by [[NASA]]'s [[Mars Global Surveyor]] in a crater near the planned landing site of the equatorial region known as [[Isidis Planitia]]. Despite this early loss, the ''Mars Express orbiter'' continues on its mission to explore the Martian surface.

Mars Express will be providing support for the [[NASA]] [[Phoenix]] lander when it arrives on Mars in mid-2008.

===Instrumentation===
The ''Mars Express'' mission is now dedicated to the orbital study of the interior,
subsurface, surface, atmosphere, and environment of Mars. The technology for ''Mars Express'' was developed from cancelled [[Russian Mars-96]] mission and the small ESA ''Rosetta'' mission to small solar system bodies (i.e. comets and asteroids). The orbiter carried eight instruments at launch:
* The ''High Resolution Stereo Camera'' (HRSC) for high resolution surface imaging.
* ''Energetic Neutron Atoms Analyser'' (ASPERA) to analyse how the [[solar wind]] erodes the Martian atmosphere.
* ''Planetary Fourier Spectrometer'' (PFS) to study of the atmospheric composition and circulation.
* ''Visible and Infrared Mineralogical Mapping Spectrometer'' (OMEGA) to determine the [[surface composition]] and evolution processes.
* ''Sub-Surface Sounding Radar Altimeter'' (MARSIS) intended for the search for water in the subsurface.
* ''The Radio Science Experiment'' (MaRS) for sounding of the internal structure, atmosphere and environment.
* ''Ultraviolet and Infrared Mars Atmospheric Spectrometer'' (SPICAM) for the determination of the composition of the atmosphere of Mars.
* ''Beagle 2'' lander intended for [[geochemistry]] and [[exobiology]].

[[Image:MARSIS.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A MARSIS map of Mars' south pole ice deposits.]]

== Scientific Discoveries ==

Mars Express has made several important discoveries during its mission:

* Detection of [[water]] in the southern polar icecap using OMEGA (2004)
* Detection of [[methane]] & [[ammonia]] in the Martian atmosphere using PFS (2004)
* Location of an area of water ice near the north pole using HRSC (2005)
* Mapping the [[water|location and thickness of water ice]] in the south pole with the MARSIS instrument (2007)

It has also carried out a wide variety of other important observations which have increased understanding of the Martian atmosphere and geology.

== External links ==
* [http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Mars_Express/index.html ESA's Mars Express pages]
* [http://www.esa.int/esa-mmg/mmg.pl?mission=Mars+Express Recent Mars Express images]
* [http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/express/ NASA's Mars Express pages]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Express Wikipedia page on Mars Express]

[[category:Orbiters]]

Algae

2012-01-19T07:50:59Z

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[[Image:alga_and_bubbles.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Algae in algaculture with bubbles of oxygen]]

'''Algae''' are a diverse group of organisms, ranging from ten meter long kelp to [[microbes|unicellular]] dinoflagellate. These organisms are a vital link in many food chains on [[Earth]]. The farming of algae is called [[algaculture]].

==Cultivation of Algae==

===Open Pools===
Open pools are similar to the natural environment of many species of algae.

===Aerated Tanks===
Aerated tanks provide a controllable environment which can be tuned to the exact conditions needed by the target species.

==Uses of Algae==

===[[Food]]===
Algae are an excellent source of [[vitamins]], [[oil|oils]], [[fatty acids]], and [[minerals and trace elements in food|minerals]], and are eaten in many parts of the world. They can be grown in tanks filled with waste water, and aerated with CO2 from the martian [[atmosphere]]. A welcome side effect is the release of free [[oxygen]].

===[[Fertilizer]]===
Algae is currently used on Earth as a fertilizer.

===Waste Water Treatment===
Algae digest excess organic molecules and CO2.

===Chemosynthesis===
Certain species of algae can be grown to produce [[hydrogen]] and [[hydrocarbon synthesis|hydrocarbons]].

==Open Issues==
*What is known about the efficiency factor of energy transformation from light energy to chemical energy? We need a [[food#Nutrition and Energy Calculations|calculation]] and a comparison with other food crop.

[[category:biospherics]]
[[category:agriculture]]

Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction

2012-01-19T07:50:51Z

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms

Landing on Mars

2012-01-19T02:53:46Z

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Algae

2012-01-19T02:53:29Z

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Microbes

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'''Microbes''' are microscopic organisms. On [[Earth]] microbes live almost everywhere: in [[soil]], in [[water]], even inside [[:category:animals|animals]]. On [[Mars]] there are no known microbes.

Future [[settlement|settlers]] will bring microbes from Earth to Mars. They will live inside [[greenhouse]]s, [[human]]s, and animals. Microbes are essential for many atmospheric processes, including the [[Nitrogen|Nitrogen Cycle]].

Microbes can be used in [[Biotechnology|biotechnological factories]] to produce chemical substances, for instance, proteins. Additionally, there are thoughts about using microbes for [[terraforming]].

==Possible Martian microbes==
The Martian surface is utterly sterile due to [[radiation]] and the absence of liquid [[water]]. The [[environmental conditions]] seem not to allow them to survive. Subsurface environments, however, may be favorable to microscopic life.

There are speculations about a threat towards the settlers or even towards Earth in case of return missions. And there are strong arguments against a threat. Microbes are always adapted closely to their natural host. In rare cases a microbe manages to jump from one terrestrial species to another. But this is rare. And this applies only for microbes that are already accustomed to live in hosts. The terrestrial soil microbes never jump to an animal, because they have adapted to the soil environment, and their whole metabolism depends upon this environment. With Martian microbes a jump is even more unlikely.

Furthermore, some people want to protect a possible indigenous Martian sub-surface biosphere from contamination by terrestrial microbes, which can only be avoided with an effort.

==See also==

* [[Algae]]
* [[Archaea]]
* [[Bacteria]]
* [[Fungi]]
* [[Protists]]
* [[Virus]]

{{stub}}

[[Category: Technology]]
[[Category: Biospherics]]

Landing on Mars

2012-01-18T02:41:18Z

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Wear lifespan

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Every machine is subject to '''wear''', which results in a limited '''lifetime'''. There is mechanical wear and wear by [[radiation]]. Also, [[chemistry|chemical]] processes inside every material cause changes in the structure, lost of strength, etc.

This page collects data about the wear lifetime of many materials and machines with regard to the [[Mars|Martian]] [[environmental conditions]] and indoor conditions.

==Materials==
Many [[synthetic materials]] become brittle due to decomposition effects, depending on temperature.

{|
|-
|style="width:30%;border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px;background:#CCCCCC"|
material
|style="width:20%;border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px;background:#CCCCCC"|
wear lifespan
|style="width:50%;border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px;background:#CCCCCC"|
comments
|-
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
[[silicone]]
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
?
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
under Martian radiation conditions
|-
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
[[polyethylene]]
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
?
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
with polymer plasticiser
|}

==Objects==
Machines, wear parts and all the other things of industrie and agriculture undergo a process of mostly mechanical deterioration. Abrasion and material fatigue can not be avoided completely.

{|
|-
|style="width:30%;border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px;background:#CCCCCC"|
object
|style="width:20%;border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px;background:#CCCCCC"|
wear lifespan
|style="width:50%;border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px;background:#CCCCCC"|
comments
|-
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
[[digging machine]]s
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
?
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
basalt digging, time before the cutting tool must be replaced
|-
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
[[clothes]]
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
?
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
e.g. polyester fleece
|-
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
[[space suit]]
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
?
|style="border:1px solid #888888;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px"|
for outdoor use
|}

==Open issues==
*How many m3 of basalt can be processed by [[digging machine]]s before the cutting tool must be replaced?
*What sort of clothes has a maximum lifespan? How many years can it be worn?
*What is the effect of radiation? We need exact figures, how the Martian conditions influence the usability of certain materials.

[[Category:Material]]
[[Category:Technology]]

Mars Express

2012-01-18T02:39:57Z

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms

Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction

2012-01-18T02:39:07Z

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms