Columbus Crater - Revision history

Suitupandshowup: added ref

2021-09-18T17:14:15Z

added ref

Suitupandshowup: added info

2021-09-18T17:10:23Z

added info

Suitupandshowup: /* Other minerals */

2021-09-18T16:48:58Z

Other minerals

Suitupandshowup: /* External links */ added to list

2021-09-02T22:28:15Z

External links: added to list

Suitupandshowup: /* External links */ added to list

2021-08-23T19:22:46Z

External links: added to list

Suitupandshowup: /* External links */ added to list

2021-08-23T16:17:11Z

External links: added to list

Suitupandshowup: /* See also */ added to list

2021-08-23T13:11:37Z

Suitupandshowup: /* See also */ added to list

2021-08-23T13:09:05Z

Suitupandshowup: /* See also */ added to list

2021-08-23T12:48:12Z

Suitupandshowup: /* References */ added external links

2021-08-19T23:26:11Z

References: added external links

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 Chemicals called polyhydrated sulfates were detected on the crater walls and monohydrated sulfates
 on the floor.  This is what would happen if evaporation or freezing had lowered the lake level and
-yielded a concentrated brine.  The monohydrated sulfates would be deposited when they became more concentrated when the lake waters had greatly went down.  Both of these substances require water for their formation.  The polyhydrated sulfates form a ring near the top of the crater walls--like a bathtub ring.
+yielded a concentrated brine.  The monohydrated sulfates would be deposited when they became more concentrated when the lake waters had greatly went down.  Both of these substances require water for their formation.  The polyhydrated sulfates form a ring near the top of the crater walls--like a bathtub ring.<ref>https://authors.library.caltech.edu/34916/1/2010JE003694.pdf</ref> <ref>Wray, J.  et al.  2011.  Columbus crater and other possible groundwater‐fed paleolakes
- Because some layers contain  gypsum, a sulfate which forms in relatively fresh water, it is thought that life could have formed in the crater.<ref>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/091125-mars-crater-lake-michigan-water_2.html</ref>
+Because some layers contain  gypsum, a sulfate which forms in relatively fresh water, it is thought that life could have formed in the crater.<ref>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/091125-mars-crater-lake-michigan-water_2.html</ref>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Mars atlas}}
 Columbus Crater is a 119 km wide crater, located at 29.8° south latitude and 166.1° west longitude in the [[Memnonia quadrangle]],  and was named after Christopher Columbus<ref>https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1274</ref>
-Since sulfates and clay minerals have been discovered within Columbus Crater it is believed that a lake once existed in the crater.  These minerals need water to form.<ref>http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/multimedia/pia15099.html#.VWyD-c9VhBc</ref><ref>Wray, J., R. Milliken, C. Dundas, G. Swayze, J.  Andrews-Hanna, A. Baldridge, M. Chojnacki, J. Bishop, B. Ehlmann, S. Murchie, R. Clark, F. Seelos, L. Tornabene, and S. Squyres.  2011.  Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars.  Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets  DOI: 10.1029/2010JE003694</ref>  These were found using  an orbiting near-infrared spectrometer.  Spectrometers reveal the types of minerals present based on the wavelengths of light they absorb.    These minerals would appear if a large lake had slowly evaporated.<ref>Cabrol, N. and E. Grin (eds.).  2010.  Lakes on Mars.  Elsevier.NY.</ref>  <ref>Wray, J. et al.  2009.  Columbus Crater and other possible plaelakes in Terra Sirenum, Mars.  Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.  40: 1896.</ref>   Because some layers contain  gypsum, a sulfate which forms in relatively fresh water, it is thought that life could have formed in the crater.<ref>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/091125-mars-crater-lake-michigan-water_2.html</ref>
+Since sulfates and clay minerals have been discovered within Columbus Crater it is believed that a lake once existed in the crater.  These minerals need water to form.<ref>http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/multimedia/pia15099.html#.VWyD-c9VhBc</ref><ref>Wray, J., R. Milliken, C. Dundas, G. Swayze, J.  Andrews-Hanna, A. Baldridge, M. Chojnacki, J. Bishop, B. Ehlmann, S. Murchie, R. Clark, F. Seelos, L. Tornabene, and S. Squyres.  2011.  Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars.  Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets  DOI: 10.1029/2010JE003694</ref>  These were found using  an orbiting near-infrared spectrometer.  Spectrometers reveal the types of minerals present based on the wavelengths of light they absorb.    These minerals would appear if a large lake had slowly evaporated.<ref>Cabrol, N. and E. Grin (eds.).  2010.  Lakes on Mars.  Elsevier.NY.</ref>  <ref>Wray, J. et al.  2009.  Columbus Crater and other possible plaelakes in Terra Sirenum, Mars.  Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.  40: 1896.</ref>

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==Other minerals==
-In the layers, or strata, of Columbus Crater, the CRISM instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter found kaolinite, hydrated sulfates including alunite and possibly Jarosite]].<ref>Murchie, S. et al.  2009.  A synthesis of Martian aqueous mineralogy after 1 Mars year of observations from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.  Journal of Geophysical Research: 114.</ref> Further study concluded that gypsum, polyhydrated and monohydrated Mg/Fe-sulfates were common and small deposits of montmorillonite, Fe/Mg-phyllosilicates, and crystalline ferric oxide or hydroxide were also found. Thermal emission spectra hint that some minerals were present in the tens of percent range.<ref>https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035986</ref> <ref>Wray, J., R. Milliken, C. Dundas, G. Swayze, J.  Andrews-Hanna, A. Baldridge, M. Chojnacki, J. Bishop, B. Ehlmann, S. Murchie, R. Clark, F. Seelos, L. Tornabene, and S. Squyres.  2011.  Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars.  Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets  DOI: 10.1029/2010JE003694</ref>
+In the layers, or strata, of Columbus Crater, the CRISM instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter found kaolinite, hydrated sulfates including alunite and possibly Jarosite.<ref>Murchie, S. et al.  2009.  A synthesis of Martian aqueous mineralogy after 1 Mars year of observations from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.  Journal of Geophysical Research: 114.</ref> Further study concluded that gypsum, polyhydrated and monohydrated Mg/Fe-sulfates were common and small deposits of montmorillonite, Fe/Mg-phyllosilicates, and crystalline ferric oxide or hydroxide were also found. Thermal emission spectra hint that some minerals were present in the tens of percent range.<ref>https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035986</ref> <ref>Wray, J., R. Milliken, C. Dundas, G. Swayze, J.  Andrews-Hanna, A. Baldridge, M. Chojnacki, J. Bishop, B. Ehlmann, S. Murchie, R. Clark, F. Seelos, L. Tornabene, and S. Squyres.  2011.  Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars.  Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets  DOI: 10.1029/2010JE003694</ref>
 <gallery class="center" widths="380px" heights="360px">

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:28, 2 September 2021
Line 44:		Line 44:
	* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWcdAvFN_q0 James Wray - The Search for Water and Life on Mars (and Beyond) (November 15, 2018)]		* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWcdAvFN_q0 James Wray - The Search for Water and Life on Mars (and Beyond) (November 15, 2018)]
	*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJk0hS4_gz4 Water on Mars and the Potential for Martian Life]		*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJk0hS4_gz4 Water on Mars and the Potential for Martian Life]
		+
		+	* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiT02piO40c The Geological History of Water on Mars and Astrobiological Implications (Vic Baker)]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:22, 23 August 2021
Line 43:		Line 43:

	* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWcdAvFN_q0 James Wray - The Search for Water and Life on Mars (and Beyond) (November 15, 2018)]		* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWcdAvFN_q0 James Wray - The Search for Water and Life on Mars (and Beyond) (November 15, 2018)]
		+	*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJk0hS4_gz4 Water on Mars and the Potential for Martian Life]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:17, 23 August 2021
Line 41:		Line 41:

	* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGBbke1wJRk Lakes on Mars - Nathalie Cabrol (SETI Talks)]		* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGBbke1wJRk Lakes on Mars - Nathalie Cabrol (SETI Talks)]
		+
		+	* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWcdAvFN_q0 James Wray - The Search for Water and Life on Mars (and Beyond) (November 15, 2018)]

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ==See also==
 *[[High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE)]]
 *[[Holden Crater]]
 *[[Jezero Crater]]
 *[[Lakes on Mars]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:26, 19 August 2021
Line 27:		Line 27:

	==References==		==References==
		+
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
		+
		+	==External links==
		+
		+	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakes_on_Mars Lakes on Mars]
		+
		+	* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rbnvdWk3eg The Lakes and Rivers of Ancient Mars]
		+
		+	* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGBbke1wJRk Lakes on Mars - Nathalie Cabrol (SETI Talks)]