Dust storms - Revision history

RichardWSmith: /* Opacity */ Mars gets 43% of the light from the sun than Earth.

2024-12-30T19:39:45Z

Opacity: Mars gets 43% of the light from the sun than Earth.

RichardWSmith: /* Opacity */ fixed link.

2024-12-30T19:35:58Z

Opacity: fixed link.

RichardWSmith: /* Opacity */ Added link.

2024-12-30T19:35:19Z

Opacity: Added link.

RichardWSmith: /* Opacity */

2024-12-30T19:34:07Z

Opacity

RichardWSmith: /* Opacity */ Added link

2024-12-30T19:32:58Z

Opacity: Added link

RichardWSmith: /* Dust */

2022-11-29T19:30:35Z

Dust

RichardWSmith: /* Dust */ Formatting

2022-11-29T19:30:12Z

Dust: Formatting

RichardWSmith: /* Dust */ very fine dust is a pain in the mechanical joints and your lungs.

2022-11-29T19:29:50Z

Dust: very fine dust is a pain in the mechanical joints and your lungs.

Michel Lamontagne: /* Opacity */

2021-07-15T13:21:26Z

Opacity

Michel Lamontagne: /* References */

2021-07-15T13:17:38Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:39, 30 December 2024
Line 11:		Line 11:


−	The opacity of the Martian [[Atmosphere]] during a dust storm is an important parameter to evaluate the degradation of performance of solar powered equipment on Mars. The duration of dust storms also affect the required [[energy storage]] and the energy management strategies of the settlement. Even during the most severe dust storms, illumination does not drop more than 60% on average.<ref>http://www.marspapers.org/paper/MAR98058.pdf</ref> However, there are peaks where illumination drops to 1%<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars#Dust_storms</ref> that can last at these levels for up to three months (2001 storm, 2018 storm). This means that a settlement operating uniquely on photoelectric Solar energy would be able to maintain itself, but require some form of energy storage. See [[Flow battery]] for a good storage solution.	+	The opacity of the Martian [[Atmosphere]] during a dust storm is an important parameter to evaluate the degradation of performance of solar powered equipment on Mars. The duration of dust storms also affect the required [[energy storage]] and the energy management strategies of the settlement. Even during the most severe dust storms, illumination does not drop more than 60% on average. <ref>http://www.marspapers.org/paper/MAR98058.pdf</ref> However, there are peaks where illumination drops to 1%<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars#Dust_storms</ref> that can last at these levels for up to three months (2001 storm, 2018 storm). This means that a settlement operating uniquely on photoelectric Solar energy would be able to maintain itself, but require some form of energy storage. See [[Flow battery]] for a good storage solution. (In addition, Mars gets only 43% of the sunlight of Earth because it is farther from the sun.)

	It would need to shut down some of its more energy intensive operations during the storm, and perhaps go into a type of hibernation for the peak periods, as illustrated on Earth by seasonal agriculture in northern countries. As the storms usually last about one month out of 36 month, they should not affect a settlement too seriously most of the time. Planning for severe planet wide storms is required, however<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>, including month long periods every decade or so.		It would need to shut down some of its more energy intensive operations during the storm, and perhaps go into a type of hibernation for the peak periods, as illustrated on Earth by seasonal agriculture in northern countries. As the storms usually last about one month out of 36 month, they should not affect a settlement too seriously most of the time. Planning for severe planet wide storms is required, however<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>, including month long periods every decade or so.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 30 December 2024
Line 11:		Line 11:


−	The opacity of the Martian [[Atmosphere]] during a dust storm is an important parameter to evaluate the degradation of performance of solar powered equipment on Mars. The duration of dust storms also affect the required [[energy storage]] and the energy management strategies of the settlement. Even during the most severe dust storms, illumination does not drop more than 60% on average.<ref>http://www.marspapers.org/paper/MAR98058.pdf</ref> However, there are peaks where illumination drops to 1%<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars#Dust_storms</ref> that can last at these levels for up to three months (2001 storm, 2018 storm). This means that a settlement operating uniquely on photoelectric Solar energy would be able to maintain itself, but require some form of energy storage. See [[Flow ~~Batteries~~]] for a good storage solution.	+	The opacity of the Martian [[Atmosphere]] during a dust storm is an important parameter to evaluate the degradation of performance of solar powered equipment on Mars. The duration of dust storms also affect the required [[energy storage]] and the energy management strategies of the settlement. Even during the most severe dust storms, illumination does not drop more than 60% on average.<ref>http://www.marspapers.org/paper/MAR98058.pdf</ref> However, there are peaks where illumination drops to 1%<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars#Dust_storms</ref> that can last at these levels for up to three months (2001 storm, 2018 storm). This means that a settlement operating uniquely on photoelectric Solar energy would be able to maintain itself, but require some form of energy storage. See [[Flow battery]] for a good storage solution.

	It would need to shut down some of its more energy intensive operations during the storm, and perhaps go into a type of hibernation for the peak periods, as illustrated on Earth by seasonal agriculture in northern countries. As the storms usually last about one month out of 36 month, they should not affect a settlement too seriously most of the time. Planning for severe planet wide storms is required, however<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>, including month long periods every decade or so.		It would need to shut down some of its more energy intensive operations during the storm, and perhaps go into a type of hibernation for the peak periods, as illustrated on Earth by seasonal agriculture in northern countries. As the storms usually last about one month out of 36 month, they should not affect a settlement too seriously most of the time. Planning for severe planet wide storms is required, however<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>, including month long periods every decade or so.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 30 December 2024
Line 11:		Line 11:


−	The opacity of the Martian [[Atmosphere]] during a dust storm is an important parameter to evaluate the degradation of performance of solar powered equipment on Mars. The duration of dust storms also affect the required [[energy storage]] and the energy management strategies of the settlement. Even during the most severe dust storms, illumination does not drop more than 60% on average.<ref>http://www.marspapers.org/paper/MAR98058.pdf</ref> However, there are peaks where illumination drops to 1%<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars#Dust_storms</ref> that can last at these levels for up to three months (2001 storm, 2018 storm). This means that a settlement operating uniquely on photoelectric Solar energy would be able to maintain itself, but require some form of energy storage. It would need to shut down some of its more energy intensive operations during the storm, and perhaps go into a type of hibernation for the peak periods, as illustrated on Earth by seasonal agriculture in northern countries. As the storms usually last about one month out of 36 month, they should not affect a settlement too seriously most of the time. Planning for severe planet wide storms is required, however<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>, including month long periods every decade or so.	+	The opacity of the Martian [[Atmosphere]] during a dust storm is an important parameter to evaluate the degradation of performance of solar powered equipment on Mars. The duration of dust storms also affect the required [[energy storage]] and the energy management strategies of the settlement. Even during the most severe dust storms, illumination does not drop more than 60% on average.<ref>http://www.marspapers.org/paper/MAR98058.pdf</ref> However, there are peaks where illumination drops to 1%<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars#Dust_storms</ref> that can last at these levels for up to three months (2001 storm, 2018 storm). This means that a settlement operating uniquely on photoelectric Solar energy would be able to maintain itself, but require some form of energy storage. See [[Flow Batteries]] for a good storage solution.
		+
		+	It would need to shut down some of its more energy intensive operations during the storm, and perhaps go into a type of hibernation for the peak periods, as illustrated on Earth by seasonal agriculture in northern countries. As the storms usually last about one month out of 36 month, they should not affect a settlement too seriously most of the time. Planning for severe planet wide storms is required, however<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>, including month long periods every decade or so.

	The opacity measure used is Tau, where a tau of 4.7 means an opacity of about 99%. A visualization of the Tau value of the 2018 dust storm is available<ref>https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30983#:~:text=On%20Wednesday%2C%20May%2030%2C%202018,of%20a%20Martian%20dust%20storm.&text=By%20June%2019%2C%20the%20storm,the%20entire%20globe%20of%20Mars.</ref>.		The opacity measure used is Tau, where a tau of 4.7 means an opacity of about 99%. A visualization of the Tau value of the 2018 dust storm is available<ref>https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30983#:~:text=On%20Wednesday%2C%20May%2030%2C%202018,of%20a%20Martian%20dust%20storm.&text=By%20June%2019%2C%20the%20storm,the%20entire%20globe%20of%20Mars.</ref>.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:34, 30 December 2024
Line 8:		Line 8:

	==Opacity==		==Opacity==
−	[[File:Dust Storm.png\|thumb\|~~800x800px~~\|alt=\|Early plot of “tau” of the 2018 Dust Storm, by InSight team in mid-June 2018, shown with measured tau of other historic storms. The storm time traces are aligned seasonally, i.e. co-plotted per the Mars solar longitude when they occurred. The storm was clearly a record-setting event, rising up early in the dust storm season compared with the MER 2007 storm or Viking 1977b storm; it rose up in about the same Mars solar longitude as the 2001 storm measured by the TES instrument.<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>]]	+	[[File:Dust Storm.png\|thumb\|850x850px\|alt=\|Early plot of “tau” of the 2018 Dust Storm, by InSight team in mid-June 2018, shown with measured tau of other historic storms. The storm time traces are aligned seasonally, i.e. co-plotted per the Mars solar longitude when they occurred. The storm was clearly a record-setting event, rising up early in the dust storm season compared with the MER 2007 storm or Viking 1977b storm; it rose up in about the same Mars solar longitude as the 2001 storm measured by the TES instrument.<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>]]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Opacity==
-[[File:Dust Storm.png|thumb|800x800px|alt=|Early plot of “tau” of the 2018 Dust Storm, by InSight team in mid-June 2018, shown with measured tau of other historic storms. The storm time traces are aligned seasonally, i.e. co-plotted per the Mars solar longitude when they occurred. The storm was clearly a record-setting event, rising up early in the dust storm season compared with the MER 2007 storm or Viking 1977b storm; it rose up in about the same Mars solar longitude as the 2001 storm measured by the TES instrument.<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>]]The opacity of the Martian atmosphere during a dust storm is an important parameter to evaluate the degradation of performance of solar powered equipment on Mars.  The duration of dust storms also affect the required [[energy storage]] and the energy management strategies of the settlement.  Even during the most severe dust storms, illumination does not drop more than 60% on average.<ref>http://www.marspapers.org/paper/MAR98058.pdf</ref> However, there are peaks where illumination drops to 1%<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars#Dust_storms</ref> that can last at these levels for up to three months (2001 storm, 2018 storm). This means that a settlement operating uniquely on photoelectric Solar energy would be able to maintain itself, but require some form of energy storage.  It would need to shut down some of its more energy intensive operations during the storm, and perhaps go into a type of hibernation for the peak periods, as illustrated on Earth by seasonal agriculture in northern countries.  As the storms usually last about one month out of 36 month, they should not affect a settlement too seriously most of the time.  Planning for severe planet wide storms is required, however<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>, including month long periods every decade or so.
+[[File:Dust Storm.png|thumb|800x800px|alt=|Early plot of “tau” of the 2018 Dust Storm, by InSight team in mid-June 2018, shown with measured tau of other historic storms. The storm time traces are aligned seasonally, i.e. co-plotted per the Mars solar longitude when they occurred. The storm was clearly a record-setting event, rising up early in the dust storm season compared with the MER 2007 storm or Viking 1977b storm; it rose up in about the same Mars solar longitude as the 2001 storm measured by the TES instrument.<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>]]
 The opacity measure used is Tau, where a tau of 4.7 means an opacity of about 99%.  A visualization of the Tau value of the 2018 dust storm is available<ref>https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30983#:~:text=On%20Wednesday%2C%20May%2030%2C%202018,of%20a%20Martian%20dust%20storm.&text=By%20June%2019%2C%20the%20storm,the%20entire%20globe%20of%20Mars.</ref>.

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 These 'fines' are very damaging to moving equipment, so all moving parts on Mars must be sealed against dust getting into them.
-It is not good for humans to breath dust this fine, so small water falls, or mist-generators may be used to lower the dust content which works its way inside the habitats.
+It is not good for humans to breath dust this fine, so small water falls, or mist-generators, may be used to lower the dust content which works its way inside the habitats.
 ==See also==

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ==Dust==
 The dust carried by the dust storm is very fine, about 3um per grain.  It is essentially composed from the same material as the surface, therefore it is mostly iron oxide and silicates.  The dust is very dry and does not agglomerate.
 These 'fines' are very damaging to moving equipment, so all moving parts on Mars must be sealed against dust getting into them.
 It is not good for humans to breath dust this fine, so small water falls, or mist-generators may be used to lower the dust content which works its way inside the habitats.

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Opacity==
-[[File:Dust Storm.png|thumb|800x800px|alt=|Early plot of “tau” of the 2018 Dust Storm, by InSight team in mid-June 2018, shown with measured tau of other historic storms. The storm time traces are aligned seasonally, i.e. co-plotted per the Mars solar longitude when they occurred. The storm was clearly a record-setting event, rising up early in the dust storm season compared with the MER 2007 storm or Viking 1977b storm; it rose up in about the same Mars solar longitude as the 2001 storm measured by the TES instrument.<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>]]The opacity of the Martian atmosphere during a dust storm is an important parameter to evaluate the degradation of performance of solar powered equipment on Mars.  The duration of dust storms also affect the required [[energy storage]] and the energy management strategies of the settlement.  Even during the most severe dust storms, illumination does not drop more than 60% on average.<ref>http://www.marspapers.org/paper/MAR98058.pdf</ref> However, there are peaks where illumination drops to 1%<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars#Dust_storms</ref> that can last at these levels for up to three months (2001 storm, 2018 storm). This means that a settlement operating uniquely on photoelectric Solar energy would be able to maintain itself, but require some form of energy storage.  It would need to shut down some of its more energy intensive operations during the storm, and perhaps go into a type of hibernation for the peak periods.  As the storms usually last about one month out of 36 month, they should not affect a settlement too seriously most of the time.  Planning for severe planet wide storms is required, however<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>, including month long periods every decade or so.
+[[File:Dust Storm.png|thumb|800x800px|alt=|Early plot of “tau” of the 2018 Dust Storm, by InSight team in mid-June 2018, shown with measured tau of other historic storms. The storm time traces are aligned seasonally, i.e. co-plotted per the Mars solar longitude when they occurred. The storm was clearly a record-setting event, rising up early in the dust storm season compared with the MER 2007 storm or Viking 1977b storm; it rose up in about the same Mars solar longitude as the 2001 storm measured by the TES instrument.<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>]]The opacity of the Martian atmosphere during a dust storm is an important parameter to evaluate the degradation of performance of solar powered equipment on Mars.  The duration of dust storms also affect the required [[energy storage]] and the energy management strategies of the settlement.  Even during the most severe dust storms, illumination does not drop more than 60% on average.<ref>http://www.marspapers.org/paper/MAR98058.pdf</ref> However, there are peaks where illumination drops to 1%<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars#Dust_storms</ref> that can last at these levels for up to three months (2001 storm, 2018 storm). This means that a settlement operating uniquely on photoelectric Solar energy would be able to maintain itself, but require some form of energy storage.  It would need to shut down some of its more energy intensive operations during the storm, and perhaps go into a type of hibernation for the peak periods, as illustrated on Earth by seasonal agriculture in northern countries.  As the storms usually last about one month out of 36 month, they should not affect a settlement too seriously most of the time.  Planning for severe planet wide storms is required, however<ref>https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/50399/CL%2319-0366.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>, including month long periods every decade or so.
 The opacity measure used is Tau, where a tau of 4.7 means an opacity of about 99%.  A visualization of the Tau value of the 2018 dust storm is available<ref>https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30983#:~:text=On%20Wednesday%2C%20May%2030%2C%202018,of%20a%20Martian%20dust%20storm.&text=By%20June%2019%2C%20the%20storm,the%20entire%20globe%20of%20Mars.</ref>.
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 *[[Dust devils]]
-== References ==
+==References==
 [[Category:Atmospheric Sciences]]
 <references />