Fuel - Revision history

Michel Lamontagne at 14:00, 22 August 2023

2023-08-22T14:00:20Z

Michel Lamontagne at 14:18, 2 September 2021

2021-09-02T14:18:17Z

Michel Lamontagne at 19:09, 31 August 2021

2021-08-31T19:09:30Z

Michel Lamontagne at 19:07, 31 August 2021

2021-08-31T19:07:13Z

Michel Lamontagne at 18:55, 31 August 2021

2021-08-31T18:55:13Z

Michel Lamontagne at 19:38, 30 August 2021

2021-08-30T19:38:26Z

RichardWSmith: Estimated Ex Vel of CO / O2 rockets.

2021-03-12T22:54:52Z

Estimated Ex Vel of CO / O2 rockets.

RichardWSmith: Added CO fuel and added details. I couldn't find exhaust velocity of CO fuel.

2021-03-12T22:50:29Z

Added CO fuel and added details. I couldn't find exhaust velocity of CO fuel.

Michel Lamontagne at 17:39, 30 July 2019

2019-07-30T17:39:07Z

Michel Lamontagne at 17:10, 30 July 2019

2019-07-30T17:10:47Z

@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 *Methane / oxygen can be created from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, both from the Martian atmosphere.  Also, the two liquids have a similar boiling point which makes storing them inside the rocket's tankage simpler.  Methane created on Mars is likely to have a small amount of carbon monoxide mixed in it; this should not materially effect the rocket's performance.
 *It is fairly hard to ignite carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen.  Such engines have never been flown, and the exhaust velocity above is an estimate.
-*Aluminum + oxygen produces a solid exhaust product which might clog reaction chambers.  Such fuel might be able to be used as part of an expendable solid rocket booster.  If ht clogging problem is resolved aluminum oxygen might be an interesting combination for in-situ fuel production on the Moon.
+*Aluminum + oxygen produces a solid exhaust product which might clog reaction chambers.  Such fuel might be able to be used as part of an expendable solid rocket booster.  If the clogging problem is resolved, aluminum oxygen might be an interesting combination for in-situ fuel production on the Moon.
 {| class="wikitable"

@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 *Methane / oxygen can be created from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, both from the Martian atmosphere.  Also, the two liquids have a similar boiling point which makes storing them inside the rocket's tankage simpler.  Methane created on Mars is likely to have a small amount of carbon monoxide mixed in it; this should not materially effect the rocket's performance.
 *It is fairly hard to ignite carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen.  Such engines have never been flown, and the exhaust velocity above is an estimate.
 *Aluminum + oxygen produces a solid exhaust product which might clog reaction chambers.  Such fuel might be able to be used as part of an expendable solid rocket booster.  If ht clogging problem is resolved aluminum oxygen might be an interesting combination for in-situ fuel production on the Moon.
 [[Category:Propulsion]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 In the context of chemical processes, such as [[Chemical propulsion|chemical rockets]], fuel refers to a reducing agent which can be chemically combined with an [[oxidizer]] to release energy. In other contexts, such as [[nuclear energy]], it normally refers to the substance which is used as an energy source.  In chemical propulsion, Fuel plus the oxidizer are [[Propellant|propellants]].  In electric and most forms of nuclear propulsion, there are only propellants.
-On Mars, fuels could be hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and solids, such as aluminium or iron.  Oxygen is the most likely oxidizer.  The abundance of water on Mars favors hydrogen and methane.  Methane could be produces using [[Electrolysis|Water electrolysis]] and the [[Sabatier/Water Electrolysis Process|Sabatier process]].
+On Mars, fuels could be [[hydrogen]], [[methane]], [[Carbon monoxide|carbon monoxide]] and solids, such as [[aluminum]] or [[iron]].  [[Oxygen]] is the most likely oxidizer.  The abundance of [[Water|water on Mars]] favors hydrogen and methane.  Methane could be produces [[In-situ resource utilization|in situ]] using [[Electrolysis|Water electrolysis]] and the [[Sabatier/Water Electrolysis Process|Sabatier process]].
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+
 !Combination
+!
@@ Line 45: / Line 46: @@
 Notes:
-* Hydrogen / oxygen gives a high power, but hydrogen is hard to store at Martian conditions. The best engines burn a bit hydrogen rich (to cool the flame & reduce the molecular mass of the exhaust which gives more thrust).
+*Hydrogen / oxygen gives a high power, but hydrogen is hard to store at Martian conditions. The best engines burn a bit hydrogen rich (to cool the flame & reduce the molecular mass of the exhaust which gives more thrust).
-* Methane / oxygen can be created from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, both from the Martian atmosphere.  Also, the two liquids have a similar boiling point which makes storing them inside the rocket's tankage simpler.  Methane created on Mars is likely to have a small amount of carbon monoxide mixed in it; this should not materially effect the rocket's performance.
+*Methane / oxygen can be created from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, both from the Martian atmosphere.  Also, the two liquids have a similar boiling point which makes storing them inside the rocket's tankage simpler.  Methane created on Mars is likely to have a small amount of carbon monoxide mixed in it; this should not materially effect the rocket's performance.
-* It is fairly hard to ignite carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen.  Such engines have never been flown, and the exhaust velocity above is an estimate.
+*It is fairly hard to ignite carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen.  Such engines have never been flown, and the exhaust velocity above is an estimate.
-* Aluminum + oxygen produces a solid exhaust product which might clog reaction chambers.  Such fuel might be able to be used as part of an expendable solid rocket booster.  If ht clogging problem is resolved aluminum oxygen might be an interesting combination for in-situ fuel production on the Moon.
+*Aluminum + oxygen produces a solid exhaust product which might clog reaction chambers.  Such fuel might be able to be used as part of an expendable solid rocket booster.  If ht clogging problem is resolved aluminum oxygen might be an interesting combination for in-situ fuel production on the Moon.
 [[Category:Propulsion]]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 |+
 !Combination
 !Specific impulse
-(s)
+!Specific impulse (s)
-!Exhaust velocity
+!Exhaust velocity (m/s)
-(m/s)
+!Stoichiometric ratio
-!ratio fuel:oxidizer
+fuel:oxidizer
 |-
 |Hydrogen + oxygen
 |388 - 454
 |3816 - 4462
 |2:1 (stoichiometric)
 |-
 |Methane + oxygen
 |309 - 368
 |3034 - 3615
-|1:3.6 (Spacex)
+|1:2
 |-
 |Carbon monoxide + oxygen
 |260 - 300
 |~2770 (est.)
 |2:1
 |-
 |Aluminium + oxygen
+|
+|
-|1:1
+|4:3
 |}
 Actual ISP and exhaust velocities depend on engine design and external pressure.  Exhaust velocities are ideal ones for one atmosphere and near vacuum.  Table gives stoichiometric fuel ratios, not volumetric or mass based ones.
-Note that hydrogen / oxygen gives a high power, but hydrogen is hard to store at Martian conditions. The best engines burn a bit hydrogen rich (to cool the flame & reduce the molecular mass of the exhaust which gives more thrust).
+Notes:
-Note that aluminum + oxygen produces a solid exhaust product which might clog reaction chambers.  However, such fuel might be able to be used as part of an expendable solid rocket booster.
+* Hydrogen / oxygen gives a high power, but hydrogen is hard to store at Martian conditions. The best engines burn a bit hydrogen rich (to cool the flame & reduce the molecular mass of the exhaust which gives more thrust).
 [[Category:Propulsion]]

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 |309 - 368
 |3034 - 3615
-|1:2
+|1:3.6 (Spacex)
 |-
 |Carbon monoxide + oxygen
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 Note that it is fairly hard to ignite carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen.  Such engines have never been flown, and the exhaust velocity above is an estimate.
-Note that aluminium + oxygen produces a solid exhaust product which would clog reaction chambers.  However, such fuel might be able to be used as part of an expendable solid rocket booster.
+Note that aluminum + oxygen produces a solid exhaust product which might clog reaction chambers.  However, such fuel might be able to be used as part of an expendable solid rocket booster.
 [[Category:Propulsion]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:38, 30 August 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:

−	In the context of chemical processes, such as [[chemical rockets]], fuel refers to a reducing agent which can be chemically combined with an [[oxidizer]] to release energy. In other contexts, such as [[nuclear energy]], it normally refers to the substance which is used as an energy source. In chemical propulsion, Fuel plus the oxidizer are [[Propellant\|propellants]]. In electric and most forms of nuclear propulsion, there are only propellants.	+	In the context of chemical processes, such as [[Chemical propulsion\|chemical rockets]], fuel refers to a reducing agent which can be chemically combined with an [[oxidizer]] to release energy. In other contexts, such as [[nuclear energy]], it normally refers to the substance which is used as an energy source. In chemical propulsion, Fuel plus the oxidizer are [[Propellant\|propellants]]. In electric and most forms of nuclear propulsion, there are only propellants.

	On Mars, fuels could be hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and solids, such as aluminium or iron. Oxygen is the most likely oxidizer. The abundance of water on Mars favors hydrogen and methane. Methane could be produces using [[Electrolysis\|Water electrolysis]] and the [[Sabatier/Water Electrolysis Process\|Sabatier process]].		On Mars, fuels could be hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and solids, such as aluminium or iron. Oxygen is the most likely oxidizer. The abundance of water on Mars favors hydrogen and methane. Methane could be produces using [[Electrolysis\|Water electrolysis]] and the [[Sabatier/Water Electrolysis Process\|Sabatier process]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:39, 30 July 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:

−	In the context of chemical processes, such as [[chemical rockets]], fuel refers to a reducing agent which can be chemically combined with an [[oxidizer]] to release energy. In other contexts, such as [[nuclear energy]], it normally refers to the substance which is used as an energy source. In chemical propulsion, Fuel plus the oxidizer are propellants. In electric and most forms of nuclear propulsion, there are only propellants.	+	In the context of chemical processes, such as [[chemical rockets]], fuel refers to a reducing agent which can be chemically combined with an [[oxidizer]] to release energy. In other contexts, such as [[nuclear energy]], it normally refers to the substance which is used as an energy source. In chemical propulsion, Fuel plus the oxidizer are [[Propellant\|propellants]]. In electric and most forms of nuclear propulsion, there are only propellants.

	On Mars, fuels could be hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and solids, such as aluminium or iron. Oxygen is the most likely oxidizer. The abundance of water on Mars favors hydrogen and methane. Methane could be produces using [[Electrolysis\|Water electrolysis]] and the [[Sabatier/Water Electrolysis Process\|Sabatier process]].		On Mars, fuels could be hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and solids, such as aluminium or iron. Oxygen is the most likely oxidizer. The abundance of water on Mars favors hydrogen and methane. Methane could be produces using [[Electrolysis\|Water electrolysis]] and the [[Sabatier/Water Electrolysis Process\|Sabatier process]].