Phaethontis quadrangle - Revision history

Suitupshowup: added image

2024-12-27T23:22:36Z

added image

Suitupshowup: /* Other scenes in Phaethontis quadrangle */

2024-10-09T23:54:15Z

Other scenes in Phaethontis quadrangle

Suitupshowup: /* Other scenes in Phaethontis quadrangle */ added image

2024-10-09T23:53:22Z

Other scenes in Phaethontis quadrangle: added image

Suitupshowup: /* Martian gullies */

2023-12-29T17:20:00Z

Martian gullies

Suitupshowup: /* Martian gullies */ added images

2023-12-29T17:17:29Z

Martian gullies: added images

Suitupshowup: /* Dust devil tracks */

2023-12-24T01:07:23Z

Dust devil tracks

Suitupshowup: /* Channels */

2023-12-24T01:06:43Z

Channels

Suitupshowup: /* Dunes */

2023-12-24T01:05:44Z

Dunes

Suitupshowup: /* Linear ridge networks */

2023-12-24T01:05:05Z

Linear ridge networks

Suitupshowup: /* Martian gullies */ added images

2023-11-26T02:30:30Z

Martian gullies: added images

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:22, 27 December 2024
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	Map of Phaethontis quadrangle. Major features are labeled. The small colored rectangles are places imaged by the Mars Global Surveyor in high resolution.		Map of Phaethontis quadrangle. Major features are labeled. The small colored rectangles are places imaged by the Mars Global Surveyor in high resolution.

		+
		+	[[File:Collage phaethontis 03.jpg\|Features of Features of Phaethontis quadrangle, as seen by HiRISE under under HiWish program\|600pxr\| Features of Phaethontis quadrangle]]
		+
		+	Scenes of the Phaethontis quadrangle

@@ Line 284: / Line 284: @@
 Image:Phaethontis surface.JPG|Close up image of Phaethontis surface taken with [[Mars Global Surveyor]].  Holes are thought to be caused by buried ice turning into a gas.  This type of terrain is called brain terrain because in high resolution images, it looks like the human brain.
-File:ESP 084812 1440 landslide cropped.jpg|Landslide, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
+File:ESP 084812 1440 landslide cropped.jpg|Landslide, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program  The colored strip is about 1 km across.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 284: / Line 284: @@
 Image:Phaethontis surface.JPG|Close up image of Phaethontis surface taken with [[Mars Global Surveyor]].  Holes are thought to be caused by buried ice turning into a gas.  This type of terrain is called brain terrain because in high resolution images, it looks like the human brain.
+File:ESP 084812 1440 landslide cropped.jpg|Landslide, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
 </gallery>

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 Group of gullies on north wall of crater that lies west of the crater Newton (41.3047 degrees south latitude, 192.89 east longitide).  Image taken with [[Mars Global Surveyor]] under the MOC Public Targeting Program.
-File:Crater, troughs, and gullies ESP 039555 1430.jpg|Gullies in crater along a trough
 The Phaethontis quadrangle is the location of many gullies that were thought to be caused by recent flowing water.   However, with further extensive observations with HiRISE it was found that many are forming/changing today, even though liquid water cannot exist under current Martian conditions.  Scientists came up with other ideas to explain them.  The consensus seems to be that although water may have helped form them in the past, today they are being produced by chunks of dry ice moving down steep slopes. <ref>Harrington |first=J.D. |last2=Webster |first2=Guy |title=RELEASE 14-191 – NASA Spacecraft Observes Further Evidence of Dry Ice Gullies on Mars |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/nasa-spacecraft-observes-further-evidence-of-dry-ice-gullies-on-mars |date=July 10, 2014 |work=NASA</ref> <ref>CNRS. "Gullies on Mars sculpted by dry ice rather than liquid water." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 22 December 2015. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/12/151222082255.htm </ref> <ref>http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/martian-gullies-triggered-by-exploding-dry-ice-122320158</ref>
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 Image:Gullies in crater under HiWish.JPG|Close-up of gullies in crater
+File:Crater, troughs, and gullies ESP 039555 1430.jpg|Gullies in crater along a trough
 Image:ESP_020012gulliescropped.jpg|Gullies near Newton Crater, as seen by HiRISE, under the [[HiWish program]].  Place where there was an old glacier is labeled.

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 Group of gullies on north wall of crater that lies west of the crater Newton (41.3047 degrees south latitude, 192.89 east longitide).  Image taken with [[Mars Global Surveyor]] under the MOC Public Targeting Program.
+File:Crater, troughs, and gullies ESP 039555 1430.jpg|Gullies in crater along a trough
 The Phaethontis quadrangle is the location of many gullies that were thought to be caused by recent flowing water.   However, with further extensive observations with HiRISE it was found that many are forming/changing today, even though liquid water cannot exist under current Martian conditions.  Scientists came up with other ideas to explain them.  The consensus seems to be that although water may have helped form them in the past, today they are being produced by chunks of dry ice moving down steep slopes. <ref>Harrington |first=J.D. |last2=Webster |first2=Guy |title=RELEASE 14-191 – NASA Spacecraft Observes Further Evidence of Dry Ice Gullies on Mars |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/nasa-spacecraft-observes-further-evidence-of-dry-ice-gullies-on-mars |date=July 10, 2014 |work=NASA</ref> <ref>CNRS. "Gullies on Mars sculpted by dry ice rather than liquid water." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 22 December 2015. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/12/151222082255.htm </ref> <ref>http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/martian-gullies-triggered-by-exploding-dry-ice-122320158</ref>
@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 Image:Electris Depsoit.jpg|Gullies along with a view of Electris Deposit, as seen by HiRISE Electris deposit is light-toned and smooth in the image in contrast to rough materials below.
 Image:Electris Deposit Layers.jpg|Another view of gullies--they are on the left side of picture.  Electris Deposit is labeled.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 261: / Line 261: @@
 [[File:ESP 057581 1340devils.jpg|600pxr|Wide view of dust devil tracks, as seen by HiRISE under [[HiWish program]]]]
-                           Wide view of dust devil tracks, as seen by HiRISE under [[HiWish program]]
+                Wide view of dust devil tracks, as seen by HiRISE under [[HiWish program]]
 Because a thin coating of fine bright dust covers much of the surface of Mars, passing dust devils can remove the bright dust and expose the underlying dark surface.<ref>https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA21294</ref> <ref>https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/21946/dust-devil-tracks/</ref>  It does not take too much fine dust to cover those tracks--experiments in Earth laboratories demonstrate that only a few 10's of microns of dust will be enough.    The width of a single human hair ranges from approximately 20 to 200 microns (μm); consequently, the dust that can cover dust devil tracks may only be the thickness of a human hair.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometre</ref>  Dust devils have been seen from the ground and from orbiting spacecraft.  They have even blown the dust off of the solar panels of the two Mars Exploration Rovers on Mars, thereby greatly extending their lives.<ref name="marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov">http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/press/spirit/20070412a.html</ref>

@@ Line 243: / Line 243: @@
 [[File:ESP 050856 1445channels.jpg|600pxr|Channel, as seen by HiRISE under [[HiWish program]]  Streamlined shapes are indicated with arrows.]]
-                      Channel, as seen by HiRISE under [[HiWish program]]  Streamlined shapes are indicated with arrows.
+          Channel, as seen by HiRISE  Streamlined shapes are indicated with arrows.
 There is overwhelming evidence that water once flowed in river valleys on Mars.<ref>Baker, V., et al.  2015.  Fluvial geomorphology on Earth-like planetary surfaces: a review.  Geomorphology.  245, 149–182.</ref> <ref>Carr, M.  1996.  in Water on Mars.  Oxford Univ. Press.</ref>  Images of curved channels have been seen in images from Mars spacecraft dating back to the early seventies with the [[Mariner 9]] orbiter.<ref>Baker, V.  1982.  The Channels of Mars. Univ. of Tex. Press, Austin, TX</ref> <ref>Baker, V., R. Strom, R., V. Gulick, J. Kargel, G. Komatsu, V. Kale.  1991.  Ancient oceans, ice sheets and the hydrological cycle on Mars. Nature 352, 589–594.</ref> <ref>Carr, M.  1979.  Formation of Martian flood features by release of water from confined aquifers. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 2995–300.</ref><ref>Komar, P.  1979. Comparisons of the hydraulics of water flows in Martian outflow channels with flows of similar scale on Earth. Icarus 37, 156–181.</ref>  Indeed, a study published in June 2017, calculated that the volume of water needed to carve all the channels on Mars was even larger than the proposed ocean that the planet may have had.  Water was probably recycled many times from the ocean to rainfall around Mars.<ref>http://spaceref.com/mars/how-much-water-was-needed-to-carve-valleys-on-mars.html</ref> <ref>Luo, W., et al.  2017.  New Martian valley network volume estimate consistent with ancient ocean and warm and wet climate.  Nature Communications 8.  Article number:  15766 (2017).</ref>
@@ Line 256: / Line 256: @@
 [[File:ESP 050933 1355channel.jpg|600pxr|Channels, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program]]
-                                 Channels, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
+                      Channels, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
 ==Dust devil tracks==

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 24 December 2023
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	[[File:ESP 046082 1380dunes.jpg\|600pxr\|Dunes in Newton (Martian crater), as seen by HiRISE under [[HiWish program]]]]		[[File:ESP 046082 1380dunes.jpg\|600pxr\|Dunes in Newton (Martian crater), as seen by HiRISE under [[HiWish program]]]]
−	Dunes in Newton (Martian crater), as seen by HiRISE under [[HiWish program]]	+	Dunes in Newton (Martian crater), as seen by HiRISE under [[HiWish program]]

@@ Line 193: / Line 193: @@
 [[File:ESP 036443 1495ridgesphaethontistop.jpg|600pxr|Linear ridge networks, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program]]
-                                              Linear ridge networks
+                                   Linear ridge networks
 Linear ridge networks are found in various places on Mars in and around craters.<ref>Head, J., J. Mustard.  2006.  Breccia dikes and crater-related faults in impact craters on Mars: Erosion and exposure on the floor of a crater 75 km in diameter at the dichotomy boundary, Meteorit. Planet Science: 41, 1675-1690.</ref>   Ridges often appear as mostly straight segments that intersect in a lattice-like manner.  They are hundreds of meters long, tens of meters high, and several meters wide. One popular idea for their creation mechanism is  that impacts created fractures in the surface, these fractures later acted as channels for fluids.  Fluids hardened into ridges.  With the passage of time, surrounding material was eroded away, thereby leaving hard ridges behind.  However, scientists are not all in agreement as to the exact cause of these odd features.

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 ESP 039793 1385channeldetails.jpg|Close up of gullies in crater showing channels within larger valleys and curves in channels.  These characteristics suggest they were made by flowing water.
 ESP 039793 1385channelsclose.jpg|Close up of gully network showing branched channels and curves; these characteristics suggest creation by a fluid.  Note: this is an enlargement of a previous wide view of gullies in a crater
 Image:Electris Depsoit.jpg|Gullies along with a view of Electris Deposit, as seen by HiRISE Electris deposit is light-toned and smooth in the image in contrast to rough materials below.