Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction - Revision history

Rod57: [[Sabatier/Water Electrolysis Process|

2021-05-12T12:35:18Z

[[Sabatier/Water Electrolysis Process|

Michel Lamontagne: /* Process */

2020-10-05T13:24:59Z

Process

Jburk at 08:54, 18 December 2018

2018-12-18T08:54:58Z

ChristiaanK: Link to similar reaction

2013-02-16T20:01:24Z

Link to similar reaction

Spriditis: Undo revision 6430 by 92.99.198.116 (Talk) vandalism

2012-02-25T17:01:16Z

Undo revision 6430 by 92.99.198.116 (Talk) vandalism

92.99.198.116: /* Production of oxygen */

2012-02-25T04:45:31Z

Production of oxygen

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms

2012-01-19T07:50:51Z

multiple vandalisms

109.230.216.60: /* Production of carbon monoxide */

2012-01-19T03:20:59Z

Production of carbon monoxide

212.252.168.253: /* Advantages */

2012-01-19T03:13:26Z

Advantages

Spriditis: multiple vandalisms

2012-01-18T02:39:07Z

multiple vandalisms

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:35, 12 May 2021
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−	The '''Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction''' (RWGS reaction) was discovered in the 19th century as a method of producing [[water]] from [[carbon dioxide]] and [[hydrogen]], with [[carbon monoxide]] as a side product. In the context of [[manned mission\|human missions]] to [[Mars]], it has been proposed as a complement to the Sabatier/water electrolysis (SE) process to produce [[methane]] and [[oxygen]] from hydrogen and carbon dioxide on the surface. Alternatively, it can be used with water [[electrolysis]] to generate carbon monoxide and oxygen. The oxygen is used for breathing or as oxidizer, while the carbon monoxide can be used as a moderate specific-impulse fuel (with oxygen as the oxidizer) or as a feedstock to [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|generate]] higher [[hydrocarbons]] (see [[Fischer-Tropsch reaction]])<br />	+	The '''Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction''' (RWGS reaction) was discovered in the 19th century as a method of producing [[water]] from [[carbon dioxide]] and [[hydrogen]], with [[carbon monoxide]] as a side product. In the context of [[manned mission\|human missions]] to [[Mars]], it has been proposed as a complement to the [[Sabatier/Water Electrolysis Process\|Sabatier/water electrolysis (SE) process]] to produce [[methane]] and [[oxygen]] from hydrogen and carbon dioxide on the surface. Alternatively, it can be used with water [[electrolysis]] to generate carbon monoxide and oxygen. The oxygen is used for breathing or as oxidizer, while the carbon monoxide can be used as a moderate specific-impulse fuel (with oxygen as the oxidizer) or as a feedstock to [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|generate]] higher [[hydrocarbons]] (see [[Fischer-Tropsch reaction]])<br />
	Whether one would use the RWGS reaction or the [[Bosch reaction]] depends largely on whether carbon monoxide or elemental [[carbon]] is the preferred by-product.		Whether one would use the RWGS reaction or the [[Bosch reaction]] depends largely on whether carbon monoxide or elemental [[carbon]] is the preferred by-product.

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 CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> → CO + H<sub>2</sub>O (deltaH = +9 kcal/mole)
-The reactor itself is very similar to a Sabatier unit; a simple steel pipe filled with catalyst. According to experiments done by Pioneer Astronautics in Lakewood, Colorado, the best catalyst at low temperature for this reaction is silica consisting of 5% copper by weight and a smaller amount of [[nickel]]. This catalyst is exclusively selective to CO (i.e., it only produces carbon monoxide) with 60% conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO at 350<sup>o</sup> C, 150 torr, and a CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> feed ratio of 1/4.
+The reactor itself is very similar to a Sabatier unit; a simple steel pipe filled with catalyst. According to experiments done by Pioneer Astronautics in Lakewood, Colorado, the best catalyst at low temperature for this reaction is silica consisting of 5% copper by weight and a smaller amount of [[nickel]]. This catalyst is exclusively selective to CO (i.e., it only produces carbon monoxide) with 60% conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO at 350<sup>o</sup> C, 20 kPa (150 torr)(0,2 Bar), and a CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> feed ratio of 1/4.
 ==Applications==
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 ==Disadvantages==
-This reaction has an low equilibrium constant  even at temperatures of 400<sup>o</sup> C , so it must be fed with either a hydrogen-rich or a carbon dioxide-rich mixture to ensure satisfactory results, or you have to increase the operating temperature (equilibrium constant is 0.5 only at 750°C). Excess hydrogen (or excess carbon dioxide) is captured from the exhaust with a filtering membrane and fed back into the reactor.
+This reaction has an low equilibrium constant  even at temperatures of 400<sup>o</sup> C , so it must be fed with either a hydrogen-rich or a carbon dioxide-rich mixture to ensure satisfactory results, or you have to increase the operating temperature (equilibrium constant is 0.5 only at 750°C). Excess hydrogen (or excess carbon dioxide) is captured from the exhaust with a filtering membrane and fed back into the reactor. The effective catalyst depends on the operating temperature : Corean used ZnO-Al catalysts for the Camere Process at 600°C but also ZnO-Cr can be used above 600°C. The activity of both catalysts is however too low below this temperature.
 ==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:54, 18 December 2018
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	R. Zubrin, The Case for Mars, pp. 153		R. Zubrin, The Case for Mars, pp. 153

−	[[Category: ~~ISRU]]~~	+	[[Category:In-situ Resource Utilization]]
−	~~[[Category:chemistry~~]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:01, 16 February 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	The '''Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction''' (RWGS reaction) was discovered in the 19th century as a method of producing [[water]] from [[carbon dioxide]] and [[hydrogen]], with [[carbon monoxide]] as a side product. In the context of [[manned mission\|human missions]] to [[Mars]], it has been proposed as a complement to the Sabatier/water electrolysis (SE) process to produce [[methane]] and [[oxygen]] from hydrogen and carbon dioxide on the surface. Alternatively, it can be used with water [[electrolysis]] to generate carbon monoxide and oxygen. The oxygen is used for breathing or as oxidizer, while the carbon monoxide can be used as a moderate specific-impulse fuel (with oxygen as the oxidizer) or as a feedstock to [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|generate]] higher [[hydrocarbons]] (see [[Fischer-Tropsch reaction]])	+	The '''Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction''' (RWGS reaction) was discovered in the 19th century as a method of producing [[water]] from [[carbon dioxide]] and [[hydrogen]], with [[carbon monoxide]] as a side product. In the context of [[manned mission\|human missions]] to [[Mars]], it has been proposed as a complement to the Sabatier/water electrolysis (SE) process to produce [[methane]] and [[oxygen]] from hydrogen and carbon dioxide on the surface. Alternatively, it can be used with water [[electrolysis]] to generate carbon monoxide and oxygen. The oxygen is used for breathing or as oxidizer, while the carbon monoxide can be used as a moderate specific-impulse fuel (with oxygen as the oxidizer) or as a feedstock to [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|generate]] higher [[hydrocarbons]] (see [[Fischer-Tropsch reaction]])<br />
		+	Whether one would use the RWGS reaction or the [[Bosch reaction]] depends largely on whether carbon monoxide or elemental [[carbon]] is the preferred by-product.

	==Process==		==Process==

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==Applications==
-You've got this all cosfuned. There is no hydrogen in natural gas or coal. Its all carbon. And no, electrolysis doesn't get rid of the water for ever. The atoms are just separated for combustion, but once they are in the environment again they will probably come back together eventually, so the world's water supply won't be damaged.
+===Production of oxygen===
 ===Production of carbon monoxide===

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 However, the RWGS can be used in conjunction with water-electrolysis as an "infinite-leverage oxygen machine" to generate oxygen from carbon dioxide via a small amount of hydrogen.
-Wait, I cannot fathom it being so straightforawrd.
+===Production of carbon monoxide===
 ==Disadvantages==

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 The side product carbon monoxide can be used to synthesize [[methane]], [[methanol]], and higher hydrocarbons such as ethylene and propylene, which are usable to produce further [[synthetic materials‎]] and for [[energy storage]]. The higher hydrocarbons are manufactured via the Fischer-Tropsch reactions, which use carbon monoxide and hydrogen as feedstocks.
-==Advantages==
+Essays like this are so imopratnt to broadening people's horizons.
 ==Disadvantages==