Sintered regolith - Revision history

Michel Lamontagne at 19:03, 5 October 2022

2022-10-05T19:03:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:03, 5 October 2022
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	'''Sintered regolith''' has been proposed as a construction material on the Moon. This technology might be extended to Mars. [[Sintering]] is the fusion of mineral particles through the application of heat. The particles are heated just enough to induce fusion, but not enough to fully melt.		'''Sintered regolith''' has been proposed as a construction material on the Moon. This technology might be extended to Mars. [[Sintering]] is the fusion of mineral particles through the application of heat. The particles are heated just enough to induce fusion, but not enough to fully melt.

	Ceramic objects are produced by sintering natural and artificial ceramics, held in place by binders that are evaporated in the sintering process. However sintering can be done directly without water. As the ~~moon~~ is dry water binders may be problematic. On Mars, water should be readily available and ceramic production may be possible by methods similar to those used on Earth.		Ceramic objects are produced by sintering natural and artificial ceramics, held in place by binders that are evaporated in the sintering process. However, sintering can be done directly without water or binders. As the Moon is dry water binders may be problematic. On Mars, water should be readily available and ceramic production may be possible by methods similar to those used on Earth.

	==Methods==		==Methods==
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	*'''Solar Sintering'''. Solar energy can be focused on the regolith to achieve the 1300 degree C temperature required for sintering.		*'''Solar Sintering'''. Solar energy can be focused on the regolith to achieve the 1300 degree C temperature required for sintering.
	*'''Microwave Sintering'''. A microwave can be used to heat regolith.		*'''Microwave Sintering'''. A microwave can be used to heat regolith.
	*'''Furnace Sintering'''. Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a ~~mould~~.		*'''Furnace Sintering'''. Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a mold.
	**Furnace sintering is the classic method for producing ceramic goods on Earth. ~~However, these~~ are held together with binders that are evaporated during the sintering process.		**Furnace sintering is the classic method for producing ceramic goods on Earth. The ceramics are held together with binders that are evaporated during the sintering process.
	**On Mars, binders ~~don't~~ need to be added to the regolith. "Here we demonstrate that by applying exclusively Martian resources a processing route involving suspensions of mineral particles called slurries or slips can be established for manufacturing ceramics on Mars. We developed water-based slurries without the use of additives that had a 51 wt. % solid load resembling commercial porcelain slurries in respect to the particle size distribution and rheological properties. These slurries were used to slip cast discs, rings and vases that were sintered at temperatures between 1000 and 1130 °C using different sintering schedules, the latter were set-up according the results of hot-stage microscopic characterization. The microstructure, porosity and the mechanical properties were characterized by SEM, X-ray computer tomography and Weibull analysis. Our wet processing of minerals yields ceramics with complex shapes that show similar mechanical properties to porcelain and could serve as a technology for future Mars colonization. The best quality parts with completely vitrificated matrix supporting a few idiomorphic crystals are obtained at 1130 °C with 10 h dwell time with volume and linear shrinkage as much as ~62% and ~17% and a characteristic compressive strength of 51 MPa."<ref>David Karl, Franz Kamutzki, Andrea Zocca, Oliver Goerke, Jens Guenster, Aleksander Gurlo (2018) Towards the colonization of Mars by in-situ resource utilization: Slip cast ceramics from Martian soil simulant. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0204025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204025</ref>		**On Mars, binders may not need to be added to the regolith: "Here we demonstrate that by applying exclusively Martian resources a processing route involving suspensions of mineral particles called slurries or slips can be established for manufacturing ceramics on Mars. We developed water-based slurries without the use of additives that had a 51 wt. % solid load resembling commercial porcelain slurries in respect to the particle size distribution and rheological properties. These slurries were used to slip cast discs, rings and vases that were sintered at temperatures between 1000 and 1130 °C using different sintering schedules, the latter were set-up according the results of hot-stage microscopic characterization. The microstructure, porosity and the mechanical properties were characterized by SEM, X-ray computer tomography and Weibull analysis. Our wet processing of minerals yields ceramics with complex shapes that show similar mechanical properties to porcelain and could serve as a technology for future Mars colonization. The best quality parts with completely vitrificated matrix supporting a few idiomorphic crystals are obtained at 1130 °C with 10 h dwell time with volume and linear shrinkage as much as ~62% and ~17% and a characteristic compressive strength of 51 MPa."<ref>David Karl, Franz Kamutzki, Andrea Zocca, Oliver Goerke, Jens Guenster, Aleksander Gurlo (2018) Towards the colonization of Mars by in-situ resource utilization: Slip cast ceramics from Martian soil simulant. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0204025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204025</ref>

	== Materials ==		== Materials ==

Michel Lamontagne: /* Use */

2022-10-05T19:00:09Z

Use

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:00, 5 October 2022
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	==Use==		==Use==
	~~===~~Construction~~===~~		*'''Construction'''. Sintered Regolith blocks are a possible construction material. Further testing is needed to determine the structural characteristics of such blocks. Possibilities include [[Universal bricks]] and [[arch segments]].
	Sintered Regolith blocks are a possible construction material. Further testing is needed to determine the structural characteristics of such blocks. Possibilities include [[Universal bricks]] and [[arch segments]].		*'''Rapid Prototyping'''. Laser sintering and additive manufacturing can produce custom items. Laser sintering comprises thin, sequential layers of media are laid down, and sintered together to form the item. Additive manufacturing consists of building up products layer by layer in a semi-molten state until they set into stabilize in solid form. 3D printing is additive manufacturing.
	~~===~~Rapid Prototyping~~===~~
	Laser sintering and additive manufacturing can produce custom items. Laser sintering comprises thin, sequential layers of media are laid down, and sintered together to form the item. Additive manufacturing consists of building up products layer by layer in a semi-molten state until they set into stabilize in solid form.

	==See Also==		==See Also==

Michel Lamontagne: /* Methods */

2022-10-05T18:55:22Z

Methods

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 5 October 2022
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	==Methods==		==Methods==
	~~===~~Laser Sintering~~===~~		*'''Laser Sintering'''. Laser sintering is used in [[rapid prototyping]] applications.
	Laser sintering is used in [[rapid prototyping]] applications.		*'''Solar Sintering'''. Solar energy can be focused on the regolith to achieve the 1300 degree C temperature required for sintering.
			*'''Microwave Sintering'''. A microwave can be used to heat regolith.
	~~===~~Solar Sintering~~===~~		*'''Furnace Sintering'''. Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a mould.
	Solar energy can be focused on the regolith to achieve the 1300 degree C temperature required for sintering.		**Furnace sintering is the classic method for producing ceramic goods on Earth. However, these are held together with binders that are evaporated during the sintering process.
			**On Mars, binders don't need to be added to the regolith. "Here we demonstrate that by applying exclusively Martian resources a processing route involving suspensions of mineral particles called slurries or slips can be established for manufacturing ceramics on Mars. We developed water-based slurries without the use of additives that had a 51 wt. % solid load resembling commercial porcelain slurries in respect to the particle size distribution and rheological properties. These slurries were used to slip cast discs, rings and vases that were sintered at temperatures between 1000 and 1130 °C using different sintering schedules, the latter were set-up according the results of hot-stage microscopic characterization. The microstructure, porosity and the mechanical properties were characterized by SEM, X-ray computer tomography and Weibull analysis. Our wet processing of minerals yields ceramics with complex shapes that show similar mechanical properties to porcelain and could serve as a technology for future Mars colonization. The best quality parts with completely vitrificated matrix supporting a few idiomorphic crystals are obtained at 1130 °C with 10 h dwell time with volume and linear shrinkage as much as ~62% and ~17% and a characteristic compressive strength of 51 MPa."<ref>David Karl, Franz Kamutzki, Andrea Zocca, Oliver Goerke, Jens Guenster, Aleksander Gurlo (2018) Towards the colonization of Mars by in-situ resource utilization: Slip cast ceramics from Martian soil simulant. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0204025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204025</ref>
	~~===~~Microwave Sintering~~===~~
	A microwave can be used to heat regolith.

	~~===~~Furnace Sintering~~===~~
	Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a mould.

	Furnace sintering is the classic method for producing ceramic goods on Earth. However, these are held together with binders that are evaporated during the sintering process.

	On Mars, binders don't need to be added to the regolith. "Here we demonstrate that by applying exclusively Martian resources a processing route involving suspensions of mineral particles called slurries or slips can be established for manufacturing ceramics on Mars. We developed water-based slurries without the use of additives that had a 51 wt. % solid load resembling commercial porcelain slurries in respect to the particle size distribution and rheological properties. These slurries were used to slip cast discs, rings and vases that were sintered at temperatures between 1000 and 1130 °C using different sintering schedules, the latter were set-up according the results of hot-stage microscopic characterization. The microstructure, porosity and the mechanical properties were characterized by SEM, X-ray computer tomography and Weibull analysis. Our wet processing of minerals yields ceramics with complex shapes that show similar mechanical properties to porcelain and could serve as a technology for future Mars colonization. The best quality parts with completely vitrificated matrix supporting a few idiomorphic crystals are obtained at 1130 °C with 10 h dwell time with volume and linear shrinkage as much as ~62% and ~17% and a characteristic compressive strength of 51 MPa."<ref>David Karl, Franz Kamutzki, Andrea Zocca, Oliver Goerke, Jens Guenster, Aleksander Gurlo (2018) Towards the colonization of Mars by in-situ resource utilization: Slip cast ceramics from Martian soil simulant. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0204025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204025</ref>

	== Materials ==		== Materials ==

Kee.nethery: /* Furnace Sintering */

2021-11-16T20:35:29Z

Furnace Sintering

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:35, 16 November 2021
Line 18:		Line 18:
	Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a mould.		Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a mould.

	Furnace sintering is the classic method for producing ceramic goods on Earth. However, these are held together with binders that are evaporated during the sintering process.		Furnace sintering is the classic method for producing ceramic goods on Earth. However, these are held together with binders that are evaporated during the sintering process.

			On Mars, binders don't need to be added to the regolith. "Here we demonstrate that by applying exclusively Martian resources a processing route involving suspensions of mineral particles called slurries or slips can be established for manufacturing ceramics on Mars. We developed water-based slurries without the use of additives that had a 51 wt. % solid load resembling commercial porcelain slurries in respect to the particle size distribution and rheological properties. These slurries were used to slip cast discs, rings and vases that were sintered at temperatures between 1000 and 1130 °C using different sintering schedules, the latter were set-up according the results of hot-stage microscopic characterization. The microstructure, porosity and the mechanical properties were characterized by SEM, X-ray computer tomography and Weibull analysis. Our wet processing of minerals yields ceramics with complex shapes that show similar mechanical properties to porcelain and could serve as a technology for future Mars colonization. The best quality parts with completely vitrificated matrix supporting a few idiomorphic crystals are obtained at 1130 °C with 10 h dwell time with volume and linear shrinkage as much as ~62% and ~17% and a characteristic compressive strength of 51 MPa."<ref>David Karl, Franz Kamutzki, Andrea Zocca, Oliver Goerke, Jens Guenster, Aleksander Gurlo (2018) Towards the colonization of Mars by in-situ resource utilization: Slip cast ceramics from Martian soil simulant. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0204025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204025</ref>

	== Materials ==		== Materials ==

Michel Lamontagne: /* Furnace Sintering */

2019-04-21T00:17:57Z

Furnace Sintering

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:17, 21 April 2019
Line 17:		Line 17:
	===Furnace Sintering===		===Furnace Sintering===
	Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a mould.		Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a mould.

			Furnace sintering is the classic method for producing ceramic goods on Earth. However, these are held together with binders that are evaporated during the sintering process.

			== Materials ==
			Practically any material than can be produced in particle form can be sintered. Ceramics, minerals, glasses and metals are all possible candidates.

	==Use==		==Use==

Michel Lamontagne at 00:10, 21 April 2019

2019-04-21T00:10:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:10, 21 April 2019
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	[[Image:UniversalBricks02.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|Construction elements from sintered regolith]]		[[Image:UniversalBricks02.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|Construction elements from sintered regolith]]

	'''Sintered regolith''' has been proposed as a construction material on the Moon. This technology might be extended to Mars. [[Sintering]] is the fusion of mineral particles through the application of heat. The particles are heated just enough to induce fusion, but not enough to fully melt. Ceramic objects are produced by sintering natural and artificial ceramics.		'''Sintered regolith''' has been proposed as a construction material on the Moon. This technology might be extended to Mars. [[Sintering]] is the fusion of mineral particles through the application of heat. The particles are heated just enough to induce fusion, but not enough to fully melt.

			Ceramic objects are produced by sintering natural and artificial ceramics, held in place by binders that are evaporated in the sintering process. However sintering can be done directly without water. As the moon is dry water binders may be problematic. On Mars, water should be readily available and ceramic production may be possible by methods similar to those used on Earth.

	==Methods==		==Methods==

Michel Lamontagne at 00:05, 21 April 2019

2019-04-21T00:05:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 21 April 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:UniversalBricks02.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|Construction elements from sintered regolith]]		[[Image:UniversalBricks02.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|Construction elements from sintered regolith]]

	'''Sintered regolith''' has been proposed as a construction material on the Moon. This technology might be extended to Mars. [[Sintering]] is the fusion of mineral particles through the application of heat. The particles are heated just enough to induce fusion, but not enough to fully melt.		'''Sintered regolith''' has been proposed as a construction material on the Moon. This technology might be extended to Mars. [[Sintering]] is the fusion of mineral particles through the application of heat. The particles are heated just enough to induce fusion, but not enough to fully melt. Ceramic objects are produced by sintering natural and artificial ceramics.

	==Methods==		==Methods==
Line 23:		Line 23:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	* [[lunarp:Sintered regolith\|Sintered regolith on Lunarpedia<sup><b>lunarp</b></sup>]].
			*[[lunarp:Sintered regolith\|Sintered regolith on Lunarpedia<sup><b>lunarp</b></sup>]].

	[[Category:Synthesis]]		[[Category:Synthesis]]

Pb: /* Methods */

2018-12-20T05:33:35Z

Methods

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:33, 20 December 2018
Line 6:		Line 6:
	===Laser Sintering===		===Laser Sintering===
	Laser sintering is used in [[rapid prototyping]] applications.		Laser sintering is used in [[rapid prototyping]] applications.
	===~~Heat~~===
			===Solar Sintering===
			Solar energy can be focused on the regolith to achieve the 1300 degree C temperature required for sintering.

			===Microwave Sintering===
			A microwave can be used to heat regolith.

			===Furnace Sintering===
	Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a mould.		Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a mould.

	==Use==		==Use==
	===Construction===		===Construction===

Jburk at 21:57, 18 December 2018

2018-12-18T21:57:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:57, 18 December 2018
Line 17:		Line 17:
	* [[lunarp:Sintered regolith\|Sintered regolith on Lunarpedia<sup><b>lunarp</b></sup>]].		* [[lunarp:Sintered regolith\|Sintered regolith on Lunarpedia<sup><b>lunarp</b></sup>]].

	[[Category:~~Lo-tech~~]]		[[Category:Synthesis]]

Bartacus: /* Rapid Prototyping */

2017-12-11T16:29:19Z

Rapid Prototyping

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:29, 11 December 2017
Line 10:		Line 10:
	==Use==		==Use==
	===Construction===		===Construction===
	Sintered Regolith blocks are a possible construction material. Further testing is needed to determine the structural characteristics of such blocks. ~~Possabilities~~ include [[Universal bricks]] and [[arch segments]].		Sintered Regolith blocks are a possible construction material. Further testing is needed to determine the structural characteristics of such blocks. Possibilities include [[Universal bricks]] and [[arch segments]].
	===Rapid Prototyping===		===Rapid Prototyping===
	Laser sintering can produce custom items. ~~Thin~~, sequential layers of media are laid down, and sintered together to form the item.		Laser sintering and additive manufacturing can produce custom items. Laser sintering comprises thin, sequential layers of media are laid down, and sintered together to form the item. Additive manufacturing consists of building up products layer by layer in a semi-molten state until they set into stabilize in solid form.

	==See Also==		==See Also==