Solar Cosmic Rays - Revision history

RichardWSmith: /* Frequency and Energies of Solar Storms */ Improved grammar.

2024-10-11T06:27:36Z

Frequency and Energies of Solar Storms: Improved grammar.

RichardWSmith: /* Mitigation Strategies */ Added link to storm shelters

2024-09-17T20:34:36Z

Mitigation Strategies: Added link to storm shelters

RichardWSmith: Fixed link

2024-09-17T20:32:43Z

Fixed link

RichardWSmith: /* Mitigation Strategies */ suggest 2 m of soil is normal radiation protection.

2024-09-12T21:39:36Z

Mitigation Strategies: suggest 2 m of soil is normal radiation protection.

RichardWSmith: Added Link.

2024-04-21T03:08:28Z

Added Link.

RichardWSmith: /* Frequency and Energies of Solar Storms */ fixed typo.

2024-03-04T23:05:24Z

Frequency and Energies of Solar Storms: fixed typo.

RichardWSmith: /* Mitigation Strategies */ fixed grammar

2024-03-03T01:50:19Z

Mitigation Strategies: fixed grammar

RichardWSmith: /* See Also */ fixed link

2024-03-02T23:54:52Z

RichardWSmith: /* See Also */

2024-03-02T23:53:52Z

RichardWSmith: /* See Also */

2024-03-02T23:53:34Z

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 ==Frequency and Energies of Solar Storms==
-Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) are usually small and common.  They can happen about once a week when the sun is least active, to a couple times a day when the sun is at the peak of its sunspot cycle.  However, not all CME are aimed at Earth or Mars.  If the explosion is on the far side of the sun facing way from us, it will have no effect on colonists. <ref>https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/nmp/st5/SCIENCE/cme.html#:~:text=CMEs%20often%20occur%20along%20with,to%20three%20CMEs%20per%20day.</ref>
+Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) are usually small and common.  They can happen about once a week when the sun is least active, to a couple times a day when the sun is at the peak of its sunspot cycle.  Not all CME are aimed at Earth or Mars.  If the explosion is on the far side of the sun facing way from us, it will have no effect on colonists. <ref>https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/nmp/st5/SCIENCE/cme.html#:~:text=CMEs%20often%20occur%20along%20with,to%20three%20CMEs%20per%20day.</ref>
 The energy of solar cosmic rays varies widely, the lowest energy ones are from 10,000 electron volts to a couple hundred mega electron volts (~200,000,000).  However, in the most powerful CME, about 1% of the time particles in the giga-electron volt range are detected.

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 We can optically detect the solar flares associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CME), and can have several days of warning (for lower energy ones) to only hours of warning for the most powerful ones.  Thus colonists on Mars' surface are likely to have time to get into radiation shelters, if a CME is detected.
-Habitats on Mars will likely have normal radiation protection (say 2 meters of water or dirt above living quarters).  But it would be wise to have a smaller volume with very high radiation protection as a storm shelter, which people can go into for the couple hour solar storm.  People might crowd together and watch a movie or two during the solar storm.
+Habitats on Mars will likely have normal radiation protection (say 2 meters of water or dirt above living quarters).  But it would be wise to have a smaller volume with very high radiation protection as a [[Storm shelter]], which people can go into for the couple hour solar storm.  People might crowd together and watch a movie or two during the solar storm.
 Note that if a CME happens at night, the colonists will be protected from the sun by the mass of the planet under them.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:32, 17 September 2024
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−	Solar Cosmic Rays (Solar CR) are high energy particles released by massive explosions on the sun called [Coronal Mass Ejections] (CME).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection</ref> They are not the normal solar wind which is easy to shield against, but much higher energy particles with far more penetrating power.	+	Solar Cosmic Rays (Solar CR) are high energy particles released by massive explosions on the sun called [[Coronal Mass Ejections]] (CME).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection</ref> They are not the normal solar wind which is easy to shield against, but much higher energy particles with far more penetrating power.

	==Frequency and Energies of Solar Storms==		==Frequency and Energies of Solar Storms==

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 We can optically detect the solar flares associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CME), and can have several days of warning (for lower energy ones) to only hours of warning for the most powerful ones.  Thus colonists on Mars' surface are likely to have time to get into radiation shelters, if a CME is detected.
-Habitats on Mars will likely have normal radiation protection (say a meter of water or dirt above living quarters).  But it would be wise to have a smaller volume with very high radiation protection as a storm shelter, which people can go into for the couple hour solar storm.  People might crowd together and watch a movie or two during the solar storm.
+Habitats on Mars will likely have normal radiation protection (say 2 meters of water or dirt above living quarters).  But it would be wise to have a smaller volume with very high radiation protection as a storm shelter, which people can go into for the couple hour solar storm.  People might crowd together and watch a movie or two during the solar storm.
 Note that if a CME happens at night, the colonists will be protected from the sun by the mass of the planet under them.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:08, 21 April 2024
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	==See Also==		==See Also==
		+	[[Cosmic Radiation]]
		+
	[[Galactic Cosmic Rays]]		[[Galactic Cosmic Rays]]

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 Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) are usually small and common.  They can happen about once a week when the sun is least active, to a couple times a day when the sun is at the peak of its sunspot cycle.  However, not all CME are aimed at Earth or Mars.  If the explosion is on the far side of the sun facing way from us, it will have no effect on colonists. <ref>https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/nmp/st5/SCIENCE/cme.html#:~:text=CMEs%20often%20occur%20along%20with,to%20three%20CMEs%20per%20day.</ref>
-The energy of solar cosmic rays varies widely, the lowest energy ones are from 10,000 electron volts to a couple hundred mega electron volts (~200,000).  However, in the most powerful CME, about 1% of the time particles in the giga-electron volt range are detected.
+The energy of solar cosmic rays varies widely, the lowest energy ones are from 10,000 electron volts to a couple hundred mega electron volts (~200,000,000).  However, in the most powerful CME, about 1% of the time particles in the giga-electron volt range are detected.
 This is a huge range, the weakest particles are 100 million times less energetic than the most powerful ones.  (Fortunately the very powerful ones are quite rare.)

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 ==Mitigation Strategies==
-We can optically detect the solar flares associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CME), and can have several days of warning (for lower energy ones) to only hours of warning for the most powerful ones.  Thus colonists on Mars' surface are likely to have warning to get into radiation shelters, if a CME is detected.
+We can optically detect the solar flares associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CME), and can have several days of warning (for lower energy ones) to only hours of warning for the most powerful ones.  Thus colonists on Mars' surface are likely to have time to get into radiation shelters, if a CME is detected.
 Habitats on Mars will likely have normal radiation protection (say a meter of water or dirt above living quarters).  But it would be wise to have a smaller volume with very high radiation protection as a storm shelter, which people can go into for the couple hour solar storm.  People might crowd together and watch a movie or two during the solar storm.

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 [[Galactic Cosmic Rays]]
-[[Intergalactic Cosmic Rays]]
+[[Extra Galactic Cosmic Rays]]
 ==References:==