Steel - Revision history

Michel Lamontagne at 14:56, 2 May 2024

2024-05-02T14:56:48Z

Michel Lamontagne at 14:56, 2 May 2024

2024-05-02T14:56:24Z

Michel Lamontagne at 18:52, 11 December 2020

2020-12-11T18:52:27Z

Michel Lamontagne at 18:50, 11 December 2020

2020-12-11T18:50:30Z

Michel Lamontagne: /* Open issues */

2019-12-26T03:56:27Z

Open issues

Michel Lamontagne at 03:49, 26 December 2019

2019-12-26T03:49:30Z

Michel Lamontagne at 17:04, 11 April 2019

2019-04-11T17:04:19Z

Michel Lamontagne at 19:04, 7 April 2019

2019-04-07T19:04:55Z

Michel Lamontagne at 19:04, 7 April 2019

2019-04-07T19:04:32Z

Michel Lamontagne at 18:20, 7 April 2019

2019-04-07T18:20:52Z

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 Steel is an excellent candidate for [[In-situ resource utilization|ISRU]].  The source, [[Iron ore]], is the second most common compound of Mars' crust after silica.
-Steel consists mainly of [[iron]] and is distinguished by its [[carbon]] content, and can be produced on [[Mars]] from [[local resources]]. The carbon part can be from 0,02% to 2,06%. Other additives include [[Chromium]], [[nickel]], [[aluminium]], [[calcium]], [[silicon]], [[manganese]], [[chrome]], [[vanadium]], [[molybdenum]] and [[tungsten]]. The percentage of the parts decide upon the properties of the steel. The tensile strength varies from 250 MPa to more than 2000 MPa. It can be [[recycling|recycled]] easily by melting and forging for new parts.
+Steel consists mainly of [[iron]] and is distinguished by its [[carbon]] content, and can be produced on [[Mars]] from [[local resources]]. The carbon part can be from 0,02% to 2,06%. Other additives include [[Chromium]], [[nickel]], [[aluminium]], [[calcium]], [[silicon]], [[manganese]], [[vanadium]], [[molybdenum]] and [[tungsten]]. The percentage of the parts decide upon the properties of the steel. The tensile strength varies from 250 MPa to more than 2000 MPa. It can be [[recycling|recycled]] easily by melting and forging for new parts.
 The low quantity of [[oxygen]] in the Martian atmosphere and the absence of liquid [[water]] means that exposed steel may be less prone to rust than on Earth.

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Steel is an excellent candidate for [[In-situ resource utilization|ISRU]].  The source, [[Iron ore]], is the second most common compound of Mars' crust after silica.
-Steel consists mainly of [[iron]] and is distinguished by its [[carbon]] content, and can be produced on [[Mars]] from [[local resources]]. The carbon part can be from 0,02% to 2,06%. Other additives include [[nickel]], [[aluminium]], [[calcium]], [[silicon]], [[manganese]], [[chrome]], [[vanadium]], [[molybdenum]] and [[tungsten]]. The percentage of the parts decide upon the properties of the steel. The tensile strength varies from 250 MPa to more than 2000 MPa. It can be [[recycling|recycled]] easily by melting and forging for new parts.
+Steel consists mainly of [[iron]] and is distinguished by its [[carbon]] content, and can be produced on [[Mars]] from [[local resources]]. The carbon part can be from 0,02% to 2,06%. Other additives include [[Chromium]], [[nickel]], [[aluminium]], [[calcium]], [[silicon]], [[manganese]], [[chrome]], [[vanadium]], [[molybdenum]] and [[tungsten]]. The percentage of the parts decide upon the properties of the steel. The tensile strength varies from 250 MPa to more than 2000 MPa. It can be [[recycling|recycled]] easily by melting and forging for new parts.
 The low quantity of [[oxygen]] in the Martian atmosphere and the absence of liquid [[water]] means that exposed steel may be less prone to rust than on Earth.

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 The low quantity of [[oxygen]] in the Martian atmosphere and the absence of liquid [[water]] means that exposed steel may be less prone to rust than on Earth.
-The [[embodied energy]] of steel varies from 20 too 35 MJ/kg depending on production method and the amount of recycled steel in the mix.
+The [[embodied energy]] of steel varies from 20 too 35 MJ/kg depending on production method and the amount of recycled steel in the mix.  Stainless steel requires about 57 MJ/kg.
 ==Terminology==

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 Steel consists mainly of [[iron]] and is distinguished by its [[carbon]] content, and can be produced on [[Mars]] from [[local resources]]. The carbon part can be from 0,02% to 2,06%. Other additives include [[nickel]], [[aluminium]], [[calcium]], [[silicon]], [[manganese]], [[chrome]], [[vanadium]], [[molybdenum]] and [[tungsten]]. The percentage of the parts decide upon the properties of the steel. The tensile strength varies from 250 MPa to more than 2000 MPa. It can be [[recycling|recycled]] easily by melting and forging for new parts.
-The low quantity of [[oxygen]] in the martian atmosphere and the absence of liquid [[water]] means that exposed steel may be less prone to rust.
+The low quantity of [[oxygen]] in the Martian atmosphere and the absence of liquid [[water]] means that exposed steel may be less prone to rust than on Earth.
-The [[embodied energy]] of steel is 30 MJ/kg.
+The [[embodied energy]] of steel varies from 20 too 35 MJ/kg depending on production method and the amount of recycled steel in the mix.
 ==Terminology==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Steel''' is an alloy of [[iron]]. It is a material with high strengh that is widely used on Earth for construction. It is technologically well known.
+'''Steel''' is an alloy of [[iron]]. It is a material with high strength that is widely used on Earth for construction. It is technologically well known.
 Steel is an excellent candidate for [[In-situ resource utilization|ISRU]].  The source, [[Iron ore]], is the second most common compound of Mars' crust after silica.
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 [[Blacksmith]]
-==Open issues==
+==Production==
+Steel production is basically a process of removing the oxygen from the iron ore, to produce raw iron.  Carbon is often used on Earth, sourced from coal.  On Mars, the carbon would need to be extracted from the atmospheric CO2. [[smelting]] iron from iron ore without carbon can be done with hydrogen, and this might be the process used on Mars.  Steel production is a second stage of iron refining.   [[Meteoric iron]] may be a good raw material for steel or wrought iron.   It can be used directly and does not require smelting.
 ==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:04, 11 April 2019
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	The low quantity of [[oxygen]] in the martian atmosphere and the absence of liquid [[water]] means that exposed steel may be less prone to rust.		The low quantity of [[oxygen]] in the martian atmosphere and the absence of liquid [[water]] means that exposed steel may be less prone to rust.
		+
		+	The [[embodied energy]] of steel is 30 MJ/kg.

	==Terminology==		==Terminology==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Steel''' is an alloy of [[iron]]. It is a material with high strengh that is widely used on Earth for construction. It is technologically well known.
 Steel consists mainly of [[iron]] and is distinguished by its [[carbon]] content, and can be produced on [[Mars]] from [[local resources]]. The carbon part can be from 0,02% to 2,06%. Other additives include [[nickel]], [[aluminium]], [[calcium]], [[silicon]], [[manganese]], [[chrome]], [[vanadium]], [[molybdenum]] and [[tungsten]]. The percentage of the parts decide upon the properties of the steel. The tensile strength varies from 250 MPa to more than 2000 MPa. It can be [[recycling|recycled]] easily by melting and forging for new parts.
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 However, usage in industry is not always technically correct. Steel producers may use terms such as ''ultra-low carbon steel'' for low-carbon iron alloys. The term ''soft iron'' also refers to low-carbon iron.
-[[Wrought iron]] originally referred to a low-carbon iron containing bands of slag impurities. However, this material is no longer commonly produced and the term is often (if inaccurately) used to refer to any hand-wrought (as opposed to machine-wrought) metal.<ref name=Sims>L. Sims - ''The backyard blacksmith: Traditional techniques for the modern smith'' 2006. ISBN 978-0-7858-2567-8 p. 47</ref>
+[[Wrought iron]] originally referred to a low-carbon iron containing bands of slag impurities. However, this material is no longer commonly produced and the term is often (if inaccurately) used to refer to any hand-wrought (as opposed to machine-wrought) metal.<ref name="Sims">L. Sims - ''The backyard blacksmith: Traditional techniques for the modern smith'' 2006. ISBN 978-0-7858-2567-8 p. 47</ref>
 ==Use cases==
 Steel can be made with a deliberate set of properties, making it usable for
 * a great variety of beams and plate for building construction
-* containers and machine casings, including single-piece pressure vessels
+*a great variety of beams and plate for building construction
-* tools with low abrasion properties
+*containers and machine casings, including single-piece pressure vessels
-* steel cable with high tensile strength
+*tools with low abrasion properties
-* Rocket [[thrust chambers]] may be made from steel. This is especially true of rockets which burn for short durations, where a simple thick-walled steel chamber is superior to complex cooling systems.<ref name=SuttonBiblarz>G.P. Sutton & O. Biblarz - ''Rocket propulsion elements'' 8th ed. 2010. ISBN 978-0-470-08024-5 p. 292</ref>
+*steel cable with high tensile strength
 ==Types of steel==
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 ==Open issues==
-* How can steel be made from local Martian resources? Probably, this is not done in a conventional furnace with coke, and hence the steel plant does not need to remove the carbon excess from the raw iron.   However, [[smelting]] iron from iron ore without carbon is very difficult.  [[Meteoric iron]] may be a good raw material for steel or wrought iron.   It can be used directly: it does not require smelting.
+*How can steel be made from local Martian resources? Probably, this is not done in a conventional furnace with coke, and hence the steel plant does not need to remove the carbon excess from the raw iron.   However, [[smelting]] iron from iron ore without carbon is very difficult.  [[Meteoric iron]] may be a good raw material for steel or wrought iron.   It can be used directly: it does not require smelting.
 ==References==