Sublimation - Revision history

RichardWSmith: Corrected the amount of CO2 deposited each year.

2021-05-21T21:44:45Z

Corrected the amount of CO2 deposited each year.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 21 May 2021
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	[[Image:Phase_diagram_water.png\|thumb\|right\|300px\|The phase diagram for water, clearly displaying water's '''triple point'''. The transition between solid to gas is known as '''sublimation'''.]]		[[Image:Phase_diagram_water.png\|thumb\|right\|300px\|The phase diagram for water, clearly displaying water's '''triple point'''. The transition between solid to gas is known as '''sublimation'''.]]

	'''Sublimation''' is the phase transition between solid and gas, without an itermediate liquid phase.<ref>Heimler, C., J. Price. 1987. Focus on Physical Science. Merrill. Columbus.</ref> As the pressure and temperature of Mars is very low, water on the surface can only exist as ice or water vapour. In the phase diagram for [[water]] on [[Mars]], temperatures and atmospheric pressure are below the [[triple point]].		'''Sublimation''' is the phase transition between solid and gas, without an itermediate liquid phase.<ref>Heimler, C., J. Price. 1987. Focus on Physical Science. Merrill. Columbus.</ref> As the pressure and temperature of Mars is very low, water on the surface can only exist as ice or water vapour. In the phase diagram for [[water]] on [[Mars]], temperatures and atmospheric pressure are close to the triple point of water. (On warm days it is well below the [[triple point]].)

	Sublimation occurs when ice is heated. A terrestrial example of sublimation is if "dry ice" (solid [[carbon dioxide\|CO<sub>2</sub>]]) is exposed to air at one atmosphere. The ice will turn into a gas and appear to steam without passing through a liquid phase. The opposite to sublimation is ''deposition'', where water vapour is cooled and deposited as ice. An example of deposition is terrestrial frost, where water vapour (during winter) becomes very cold, bypassing the liquid (rain) phase.		Sublimation occurs when ice is heated. A terrestrial example of sublimation is if "dry ice" (solid [[carbon dioxide\|CO<sub>2</sub>]]) is exposed to air at one atmosphere. The ice will turn into a gas and appear to steam without passing through a liquid phase. The opposite to sublimation is ''deposition'', where water vapour is cooled and deposited as ice. An example of deposition is terrestrial frost, where water vapour (during winter) becomes very cold, bypassing the liquid (rain) phase.
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	During the Martian winter CO<sub>2</sub> frost is deposited at the winter pole. During the Martian summer CO<sub>2</sub> ice sublimes from the summer pole. The amount of solid carbon dioxide involved is enormous ~~at least 12-16~~ % of the atmosphere is deposited and ~~removed each Martian year~~.<ref> Antonio Genova, Sander Goossens, Frank G. Lemoine, Erwan Mazarico, Gregory A. Neumann, David E. Smith, Maria T. Zuber. Seasonal and static gravity field of Mars from MGS, Mars Odyssey and MRO radio science. Icarus, 2016; 272: 228 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.05</ref> <ref> NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. "New gravity map gives best view yet inside Mars." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 21 March 2016. </ref> This process causes great pressure changes and high winds.		During the Martian winter CO<sub>2</sub> frost is deposited at the winter pole. During the Martian summer CO<sub>2</sub> ice sublimes from the summer pole. The amount of solid carbon dioxide (CO2) involved is enormous, where 30% of the atmosphere is deposited each Southern winter (and 12% during Northern winter).<ref>Antonio Genova, Sander Goossens, Frank G. Lemoine, Erwan Mazarico, Gregory A. Neumann, David E. Smith, Maria T. Zuber. Seasonal and static gravity field of Mars from MGS, Mars Odyssey and MRO radio science. Icarus, 2016; 272: 228 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.05</ref> <ref>NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. "New gravity map gives best view yet inside Mars." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 21 March 2016. </ref> (In the summers, this CO2 sublimes.). This process causes great pressure changes and high winds.

	Sublimation of water ice and dry ice cause many interesting landscape features on Mars. For examples of these forms go to [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]].		Sublimation of water ice and dry ice cause many interesting landscape features on Mars. For examples of these forms go to [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]].

	==See also==		==See also==


	*[[Geography of Mars]]		*[[Geography of Mars]]
	*[[Glaciers on Mars]]		*[[Glaciers on Mars]]
	*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]		*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]
	* [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]]		*[[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]]

	==References==		==References==

Suitupandshowup: /* See also */

2019-02-09T00:15:21Z

Suitupandshowup: /* See also */

2019-02-09T00:15:08Z

Suitupandshowup: /* See Also */ added to list

2018-10-13T21:50:30Z

Jburk at 19:38, 24 July 2018

2018-07-24T19:38:47Z

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	{{Reflist\|colwidth=30em}}		{{Reflist\|colwidth=30em}}

	[[~~category~~:~~climate]]~~		[[Category:Atmospheric Sciences]]
	~~[[category:physics~~]]

Suitupandshowup: added links

2018-05-22T14:41:39Z

added links

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 22 May 2018
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	During the Martian winter CO<sub>2</sub> frost is deposited at the winter pole. During the Martian summer CO<sub>2</sub> ice sublimes from the summer pole. The amount of solid carbon dioxide involved is enormous at least 12-16 % of the atmosphere is deposited and removed each Martian year.<ref> Antonio Genova, Sander Goossens, Frank G. Lemoine, Erwan Mazarico, Gregory A. Neumann, David E. Smith, Maria T. Zuber. Seasonal and static gravity field of Mars from MGS, Mars Odyssey and MRO radio science. Icarus, 2016; 272: 228 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.05</ref> <ref> NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. "New gravity map gives best view yet inside Mars." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 21 March 2016. </ref> This process causes great pressure changes and high winds.		During the Martian winter CO<sub>2</sub> frost is deposited at the winter pole. During the Martian summer CO<sub>2</sub> ice sublimes from the summer pole. The amount of solid carbon dioxide involved is enormous at least 12-16 % of the atmosphere is deposited and removed each Martian year.<ref> Antonio Genova, Sander Goossens, Frank G. Lemoine, Erwan Mazarico, Gregory A. Neumann, David E. Smith, Maria T. Zuber. Seasonal and static gravity field of Mars from MGS, Mars Odyssey and MRO radio science. Icarus, 2016; 272: 228 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.05</ref> <ref> NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. "New gravity map gives best view yet inside Mars." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 21 March 2016. </ref> This process causes great pressure changes and high winds.

			Sublimation of water ice and dry ice cause many interesting landscape features on Mars. For examples of these forms go to [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]].

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]		*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]
	*[[Geography of Mars]]		*[[Geography of Mars]]
			* [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]]

	==References==		==References==

Suitupandshowup: /* See also */ added item to list

2018-05-16T20:16:59Z

Suitupandshowup: added info and ref

2018-05-16T20:15:47Z

added info and ref

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:15, 16 May 2018
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	During the Martian winter CO<sub>2</sub> frost is deposited at the winter pole. During the Martian summer CO<sub>2</sub> ice sublimes from the summer pole.		During the Martian winter CO<sub>2</sub> frost is deposited at the winter pole. During the Martian summer CO<sub>2</sub> ice sublimes from the summer pole. The amount of solid carbon dioxide involved is enormous at least 12-16 % of the atmosphere is deposited and removed each Martian year.<ref> Antonio Genova, Sander Goossens, Frank G. Lemoine, Erwan Mazarico, Gregory A. Neumann, David E. Smith, Maria T. Zuber. Seasonal and static gravity field of Mars from MGS, Mars Odyssey and MRO radio science. Icarus, 2016; 272: 228 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.05</ref> <ref> NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. "New gravity map gives best view yet inside Mars." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 21 March 2016. </ref> This process causes great pressure changes and high winds.

	==See also==		==See also==

Suitupandshowup at 14:40, 16 May 2018

2018-05-16T14:40:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:40, 16 May 2018
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	Sublimation occurs when ice is heated. A terrestrial example of sublimation is if "dry ice" (solid [[carbon dioxide\|CO<sub>2</sub>]]) is exposed to air at one atmosphere. The ice will turn into a gas and appear to steam without passing through a liquid phase. The opposite to sublimation is ''deposition'', where water vapour is cooled and deposited as ice. An example of deposition is terrestrial frost, where water vapour (during winter) becomes very cold, bypassing the liquid (rain) phase.		Sublimation occurs when ice is heated. A terrestrial example of sublimation is if "dry ice" (solid [[carbon dioxide\|CO<sub>2</sub>]]) is exposed to air at one atmosphere. The ice will turn into a gas and appear to steam without passing through a liquid phase. The opposite to sublimation is ''deposition'', where water vapour is cooled and deposited as ice. An example of deposition is terrestrial frost, where water vapour (during winter) becomes very cold, bypassing the liquid (rain) phase.

	Some other examples of ice sublimated are snow slowly disappearing even in low temperatures. If ice cubes are left in ice trays for a long time in a refrigerator, they can be observed to get smaller and smaller until they disappear. This is an example of sublimation.		Some other examples of ice sublimated are snow slowly disappearing even in low temperatures. In addition, if ice cubes are left in ice trays for a long time in a refrigerator, they can be observed to get smaller and smaller until they disappear. This is an example of sublimation.
	Naphthalene, an organic compound commonly found in mothballs, sublimes easily because it is made of non-polar molecules that are held together only by weak intermolecular forces (Van der Waals).		Naphthalene, an organic compound commonly found in mothballs, sublimes easily because it is made of non-polar molecules that are held together only by weak intermolecular forces (Van der Waals).
	The element Iodine sublimates easily.<ref>Heimler, C., J. Price. 1987. Focus on Physical Science. Merrill. Columbus.</ref> Often iodine crystals are found on the top lid of a bottle of iodine. The iodine sublimates from crystals at the bottom of the bottle and then are deposited on the top. So the iodine seems to go right through the air. In a way it’s like the transporter on board the Starship Enterprise—matter is transported from one place to another.		The element Iodine sublimates easily.<ref>Heimler, C., J. Price. 1987. Focus on Physical Science. Merrill. Columbus.</ref> Often iodine crystals are found on the top lid of a bottle of iodine. The iodine sublimates from crystals at the bottom of the bottle and then are deposited on the top. So the iodine seems to go right through the air. In a way it’s like the transporter on board the Starship Enterprise—matter is transported from one place to another.

Suitupandshowup at 14:39, 16 May 2018

2018-05-16T14:39:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:39, 16 May 2018
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	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]		*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]

			==References==
			{{Reflist\|colwidth=30em}}

	[[category:climate]]		[[category:climate]]
	[[category:physics]]		[[category:physics]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:15, 9 February 2019
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	*[[Geography of Mars]]		*[[Geography of Mars]]

	*[[Glaciers on Mars]]		*[[Glaciers on Mars]]


	*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]		*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]


	* [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]]		* [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:15, 9 February 2019
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	==See also==		==See also==


			*[[Geography of Mars]]

			*[[Glaciers on Mars]]


	*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]		*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]
	*[[Geography of Mars]]

	* [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]]		* [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]]
	*[[Glaciers on Mars]]

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 13 October 2018
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	*[[Geography of Mars]]		*[[Geography of Mars]]
	* [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]]		* [[Sublimation landscapes on Mars]]
			*[[Glaciers on Mars]]

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:16, 16 May 2018
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	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]		*[[Martian features that are signs of water ice]]
			*[[Geography of Mars]]

	==References==		==References==