Viking 1 - Revision history

Suitupandshowup at 22:49, 21 March 2020

2020-03-21T22:49:43Z

Jburk at 22:04, 6 May 2019

2019-05-06T22:04:09Z

Suitupandshowup: /* References */ added links

2019-01-23T15:40:12Z

References: added links

Suitupandshowup: /* Orbiter */

2019-01-17T19:52:32Z

Orbiter

Jburk at 18:53, 17 December 2018

2018-12-17T18:53:35Z

Suitupandshowup: /* Orbiter */

2018-12-04T19:51:53Z

Orbiter

Suitupandshowup: /* Orbiter */

2018-11-03T21:44:57Z

Orbiter

Suitupandshowup: /* Orbiter */ tried to add image

2018-11-03T21:43:43Z

Orbiter: tried to add image

Suitupandshowup: /* Orbiter */ tried to add image

2018-11-03T21:30:52Z

Orbiter: tried to add image

Suitupandshowup: /* Orbiter */ tried to add image

2018-11-03T21:23:15Z

Orbiter: tried to add image

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 == Mission ==
 Following launch using a [[Titan III rocket|Titan]]/[[Centaur]] launch vehicle on 20 August 1975 and a 10 month cruise to Mars, the orbiter began returning global images of Mars about 5 days before orbit insertion. The Viking 1 Orbiter was inserted into Mars orbit on 19 June 1976 and trimmed to a 1513 x 33,000 km, 24.66 h site certification orbit on 21 June. Landing on Mars was planned for July 4, 1976, the United States Bicentennial, but imaging of the primary landing site showed it was too rough for a safe landing. The landing was delayed until a safer site was found. The lander separated from the orbiter on 20 July 08:51 UT and landed at 11:56:06 UT.
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 The [[exd:orbiter|orbiter<SUP><B>exd</B></SUP>]] primary mission ended at the beginning of [[solar conjunction]] on 5 November, 1976. The extended mission commenced on 14 December, 1976 after solar conjunction. Operations included close approaches to [[Phobos]] in February 1977. The [[Periapsis]] was reduced to 300 km on 11 March, 1977. Minor orbit adjustments were done occasionally over the course of the mission, primarily to change the walk rate (the rate at which the planetocentric longitude changed with each orbit, and the periapsis was raised to 357 km on 20 July, 1979.) On 7 August, 1980 Viking 1 Orbiter was running low on altitude control gas and its orbit was raised from 357 &times; 33943 km to 320 &times; 56000 km to prevent impact with Mars and possible contamination until the year 2019. Operations were terminated on August 17, 1980 after 1485 orbits.
-<gallery class="center" widths="190px" heights="180px" >
 File:Vo1 084a47viking1.gif|Parana Valles drainage system in Margaritifer Sinus  This image is about 250 km across.
 File: Ravi_Vallis.jpg|Ravi Vallis|Water poured out of the ground here and carved a channel.
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 ===Lander===
 The lander and its aeroshell separated from the orbiter on July 20 08:51 UT. At the time of separation, the lander was orbiting at about 4 km/s. After separation rockets fired to begin lander deorbit. After a few hours at about 300 km altitude, the lander was reoriented for entry. The aeroshell with its ablatable [[heat shield]] [[aerobreaking|slowed the craft]] as it plunged through the [[atmosphere]]. During this time, entry science experiments were performed. At 6 km altitude at about 250 m/s the 16 m diameter lander parachutes were deployed. Seven seconds later the aeroshell was jettisoned, and 8 seconds after that the three lander legs were extended. In 45 seconds the parachute had slowed the lander to 60 m/s. At 1.5 km altitude, retro-rockets were ignited and fired until landing 40 seconds later at about 2.4 m/s. The landing rockets used an 18 nozzle design to spread the hydrogen and nitrogen exhaust over a wide area. It was determined that this would limit surface heating to no more than 1 degree Celsius and that no more than 1 mm of the surface material would be stripped away.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:04, 6 May 2019
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−		+	[[Category:Orbital Missions]]
	[[Category:Lander Missions]]		[[Category:Lander Missions]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:40, 23 January 2019
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	<references/>		<references/>
		+
		+	== External links ==
		+
		+	* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQkSC_53tv8 Viking Mars Landers: "Planet Mars" 1979 NASA, Narrated by Richard Basehart
		+	*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXEM9MMVjpk First Picture from Mars' Surface: Viking 1 1st Photo Commentary 1976-07-20 NASA
		+	*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPAyg7-p9oM NASA VIKING PROGRAM PIONEERING MARS LANDER HISTORIC FILM 48584
		+	*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82LkIHFEyYg Viking Mars Lander: "John Newcomb and the Viking Project" ~ 2014 NASA Langley
		+
		+


	[[Category:Lander Missions]]		[[Category:Lander Missions]]

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 File:Vo1 084a47viking1.gif|Parana Valles drainage system in Margaritifer Sinus  This image is about 250 km across.
 File: Ravi_Vallis.jpg|Ravi Vallis|Water poured out of the ground here and carved a channel.
 File:Viking Teardrop Islands.jpg|Teardrop-shaped islands formed from water
 File:Detail of Maja Valles Flow.jpg|Maja Valles, an outflow channel, shaped land around Dromore crater.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:53, 17 December 2018
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−	[[Category:~~Viking Program~~]]	+	[[Category:Lander Missions]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:51, 4 December 2018
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	===Orbiter===		===Orbiter===
		+
	The [[exd:orbiter\|orbiter<SUP><B>exd</B></SUP>]] primary mission ended at the beginning of [[solar conjunction]] on 5 November, 1976. The extended mission commenced on 14 December, 1976 after solar conjunction. Operations included close approaches to [[Phobos]] in February 1977. The [[Periapsis]] was reduced to 300 km on 11 March, 1977. Minor orbit adjustments were done occasionally over the course of the mission, primarily to change the walk rate (the rate at which the planetocentric longitude changed with each orbit, and the periapsis was raised to 357 km on 20 July, 1979.) On 7 August, 1980 Viking 1 Orbiter was running low on altitude control gas and its orbit was raised from 357 × 33943 km to 320 × 56000 km to prevent impact with Mars and possible contamination until the year 2019. Operations were terminated on August 17, 1980 after 1485 orbits.		The [[exd:orbiter\|orbiter<SUP><B>exd</B></SUP>]] primary mission ended at the beginning of [[solar conjunction]] on 5 November, 1976. The extended mission commenced on 14 December, 1976 after solar conjunction. Operations included close approaches to [[Phobos]] in February 1977. The [[Periapsis]] was reduced to 300 km on 11 March, 1977. Minor orbit adjustments were done occasionally over the course of the mission, primarily to change the walk rate (the rate at which the planetocentric longitude changed with each orbit, and the periapsis was raised to 357 km on 20 July, 1979.) On 7 August, 1980 Viking 1 Orbiter was running low on altitude control gas and its orbit was raised from 357 × 33943 km to 320 × 56000 km to prevent impact with Mars and possible contamination until the year 2019. Operations were terminated on August 17, 1980 after 1485 orbits.