Difference between revisions of "Atmospheric processing"

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Methods of '''processing the atmosphere'''.
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'''Atmospheric processing''' describes the extraction of substances out of the Martian [[atmosphere]] and the usage as raw material for further processing. Unlike surface and sub-surface mining, the atmospheric mining does not require the movement of large amounts of [[regolith]] or rock with heavy machinery, nor is expensive transport per [[rover]] or [[railroad]] necessary. The atmosphere can simply be sucked in through a pipe at every location, and the processing is done inside of [[building]]s. Also, the maintenance of all the mining machinery is in-house, which is a major safety advantage.
  
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== Collection of Atmosphere ==
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A device similar to a vacuum pump collects Martian air. The collected gas is compressed to the habitat's internal pressure for easier handling.
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== Processing ==
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===Compression===
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Compression above 5,19 bar allows to liquefy carbon dioxide.
  
== Collection of atmosphere ==
 
A device similar to a vacuum pump collects Martian air.  The gas is compressed to be able to liquefy carbon dioxide. 
 
 
 
===Distillation===
 
===Distillation===
 
The atmosphere is cooled to remove water vapor as a condensate.  As the gas continues to cool most of the rest of the water vapor is removed as frost.  The dry gas is cooled further to remove carbon dioxide
 
The atmosphere is cooled to remove water vapor as a condensate.  As the gas continues to cool most of the rest of the water vapor is removed as frost.  The dry gas is cooled further to remove carbon dioxide
 
condensate.  There will be more carbon dioxide than is needed for industrial purposes so some of it will be expanded to help power the compressors and to cool the incoming gas.  Then excess CO<sub>2</sub> will be discharged.   
 
condensate.  There will be more carbon dioxide than is needed for industrial purposes so some of it will be expanded to help power the compressors and to cool the incoming gas.  Then excess CO<sub>2</sub> will be discharged.   
 
   
 
   
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==Wanted Substances==
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===Dust===
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The Martian [[atmosphere]] contains variable amounts of [[dust]], which consists of similar [[minerals]] like [[regolith]]. Electro-static filters may be used to collect the dust.
  
===Buffer gas for breathing===
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===Water===
The balance of the collected gas contains mostly nitrogen and argon which can be used as mixed as a buffer for oxygen to produce a breathable atmosphere. Carbon monoxide can be catalytically removed.
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The 0.03 % [[water]] vapor (H2O) is equivalent to about 10 % air humidity after adiabatic compression and cooling to around 1°C. A device similar to an air dehumidifier can be used to extract this water.
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===Carbon Dioxide===
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[[Carbon dioxide]] is the main part of the Martian atmosphere with 96 %. It can be used for the [[hydrocarbon synthesis]], including the production of [[methane]] based [[fuel]].
  
 
===Nitrogen and argon===  
 
===Nitrogen and argon===  
[[Nitrogen]] can be separated out for use as ammonia and nitrates in fertilizer and as nitric acid in industry. [[Argon]] is useful for industrial processes that must be performed in an inert atmosphere.
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The balance of the remaining gas after carbon dioxide condensation contains mostly [[nitrogen]] and [[argon]]. This mixture can serve as a buffer for oxygen to produce a breathable atmosphere, where Carbon monoxide must be catalytically removed. 
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Nitrogen can be separated out for use as ammonia and nitrates in fertilizer and as nitric acid in industry. Argon is useful for industrial processes that must be performed in an inert atmosphere.
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==See also==
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*[[Mining]]
  
{{stub}}
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[[Category:In-situ Resource Utilization]]
[[Category:ISRU]]
 

Revision as of 16:15, 17 December 2018

Atmospheric processing describes the extraction of substances out of the Martian atmosphere and the usage as raw material for further processing. Unlike surface and sub-surface mining, the atmospheric mining does not require the movement of large amounts of regolith or rock with heavy machinery, nor is expensive transport per rover or railroad necessary. The atmosphere can simply be sucked in through a pipe at every location, and the processing is done inside of buildings. Also, the maintenance of all the mining machinery is in-house, which is a major safety advantage.

Collection of Atmosphere

A device similar to a vacuum pump collects Martian air. The collected gas is compressed to the habitat's internal pressure for easier handling.

Processing

Compression

Compression above 5,19 bar allows to liquefy carbon dioxide.

Distillation

The atmosphere is cooled to remove water vapor as a condensate. As the gas continues to cool most of the rest of the water vapor is removed as frost. The dry gas is cooled further to remove carbon dioxide condensate. There will be more carbon dioxide than is needed for industrial purposes so some of it will be expanded to help power the compressors and to cool the incoming gas. Then excess CO2 will be discharged.

Wanted Substances

Dust

The Martian atmosphere contains variable amounts of dust, which consists of similar minerals like regolith. Electro-static filters may be used to collect the dust.

Water

The 0.03 % water vapor (H2O) is equivalent to about 10 % air humidity after adiabatic compression and cooling to around 1°C. A device similar to an air dehumidifier can be used to extract this water.

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide is the main part of the Martian atmosphere with 96 %. It can be used for the hydrocarbon synthesis, including the production of methane based fuel.

Nitrogen and argon

The balance of the remaining gas after carbon dioxide condensation contains mostly nitrogen and argon. This mixture can serve as a buffer for oxygen to produce a breathable atmosphere, where Carbon monoxide must be catalytically removed.

Nitrogen can be separated out for use as ammonia and nitrates in fertilizer and as nitric acid in industry. Argon is useful for industrial processes that must be performed in an inert atmosphere.

See also