Carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide is a molecule containing one carbon atom and one oxygen atom. It is a colorless and oderless gass at room temperature.
Contents
Manufature
Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction
The synthesis of carbon monoxide is readily achieved using the Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction.
Metal Oxide Reduction
The reduction of metal oxides, with carbon produces carbon monoxide as a byproduct. Iron oxide is used in the following example:
FeO + C → Fe + CO
Use
Carbon monoxide is used in the synthesis of hydrocarbons. It is also used in the manufacure of methanol and acetic acid. Liquid carbon monoxide and liquid oxygen can be burned as a fuel producing only carbon dioxide and unreacted oxygen and carbon monoxide in the exhaust. This is especially suitable for utility vehicles on Mars because carbon monoxide and oxygen and can be readily produced from the Martian atmosphere. The lower energy density per unit weight of this fuel compared to liquid methane and liquid oxygen should not be a problem in Mars' low gravity unless the requirement is for a long range vehicle. A disadvantage of this fuel is that for safety reasons the engine of such a vehicle must be isolated from the passenger compartment. Repair and maintenance en route would require the driver to put on a Mars suit and exit the vehicle.
Toxicity
Carbon monoxide is toxic to humans and many other species. It bonds redily to hemoglobin molecules in blood, preventing the transfer of oxygen within the body. Symptoms begin at concentrations as low as 100ppm. The potential release of incidental amounts of carbon monoxide outside need not be a worry on Mars because carbon monoxide is already a component of the atmosphere, and that atmosphere is already 100% fatal for short term exposures of people whether carbon monoxide has been released or not. Release of carbon monoxide in the sealed environment of a Mars colony must be avoided rigorously.
