http://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&feed=atom&action=historyCoronal Mass Ejections - Revision history2024-03-29T02:33:48ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.34.2http://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&diff=139015&oldid=prevRichardWSmith: /* A contingency for Mars */ spelling2022-05-27T15:06:17Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">A contingency for Mars: </span> spelling</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===A contingency for Mars=== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===A contingency for Mars=== </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Currently, Mars has no probe or observatory in the line of sight (LOS) of the Sun, leaving an unpatrolled expanse of interplanetary space for dangerous solar ions to pass unchecked. A possible solution (akin to the Earth's SoHO<ref>[http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ SoHO mission page.]</ref> or ACE<ref>[http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ace/ ACE mission page.]</ref> observatories) could be to establish a simple and inexpensive solar observatory at the first Lagrangian Point<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point Lagrangian Point on Wikipedia.]</ref> (L<sub>1</sub>) in the Mars-Sun system. This is a gravitationally stable point in direct LOS with the Sun where a probe can be inserted to orbit around the Sun at the same rate as Mars. This proposed system would provide some warning for Mars settlers of the propagation of solar ions toward the Red Planet. See also: [[Early warning system (solar radiation)|Early warning system]]. If no such sensors were positioned between the Sun and Mars, interplanetary spacecraft or Mars habitats might be designed to include a sensor that can detect the x-ray burst that preceeds a solar proton event. However, this system would probably only provide a 20-minute advance warning.<ref>Rapp D. (2006). Radiation Effects and Shielding Requirements in Human Missions to the Moon and Mars. Mars 2:46-71. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1555/mars.2006.0004</nowiki></ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Currently, Mars has no probe or observatory in the line of sight (LOS) of the Sun, leaving an unpatrolled expanse of interplanetary space for dangerous solar ions to pass unchecked. A possible solution (akin to the Earth's SoHO<ref>[http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ SoHO mission page.]</ref> or ACE<ref>[http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ace/ ACE mission page.]</ref> observatories) could be to establish a simple and inexpensive solar observatory at the first Lagrangian Point<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point Lagrangian Point on Wikipedia.]</ref> (L<sub>1</sub>) in the Mars-Sun system. This is a gravitationally stable point in direct LOS with the Sun where a probe can be inserted to orbit around the Sun at the same rate as Mars. This proposed system would provide some warning for Mars settlers of the propagation of solar ions toward the Red Planet. See also: [[Early warning system (solar radiation)|Early warning system]]. If no such sensors were positioned between the Sun and Mars, interplanetary spacecraft or Mars habitats might be designed to include a sensor that can detect the x-ray burst that preceeds a solar proton event. However, this system would probably only provide a 20-minute advance warning.<ref>Rapp D. (2006). Radiation Effects and Shielding Requirements in Human Missions to the Moon and Mars. Mars 2:46-71. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1555/mars.2006.0004</nowiki></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, if the sun is active with flares that could <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">created </del>a CME pointing in the rough direction of Mars, the explorers there should be alert to the danger. e.g. cancel long trips away from the habitat.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, if the sun is active with flares that could <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">create </ins>a CME pointing in the rough direction of Mars, the explorers there should be alert to the danger. e.g. cancel long trips away from the habitat.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===References=== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===References=== </div></td></tr>
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</table>RichardWSmithhttp://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&diff=139014&oldid=prevRichardWSmith: /* A contingency for Mars */ If explorers are alert they should avoid making distant trips during flares.2022-05-27T15:05:36Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">A contingency for Mars: </span> If explorers are alert they should avoid making distant trips during flares.</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===A contingency for Mars=== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===A contingency for Mars=== </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Currently, Mars has no probe or observatory in the line of sight (LOS) of the Sun, leaving an unpatrolled expanse of interplanetary space for dangerous solar ions to pass unchecked. A possible solution (akin to the Earth's SoHO<ref>[http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ SoHO mission page.]</ref> or ACE<ref>[http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ace/ ACE mission page.]</ref> observatories) could be to establish a simple and inexpensive solar observatory at the first Lagrangian Point<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point Lagrangian Point on Wikipedia.]</ref> (L<sub>1</sub>) in the Mars-Sun system. This is a gravitationally stable point in direct LOS with the Sun where a probe can be inserted to orbit around the Sun at the same rate as Mars. This proposed system would provide some warning for Mars settlers of the propagation of solar ions toward the Red Planet. See also: [[Early warning system (solar radiation)|Early warning system]]. If no such sensors were positioned between the Sun and Mars, interplanetary spacecraft or Mars habitats might be designed to include a sensor that can detect the x-ray burst that preceeds a solar proton event. However, this system would probably only provide a 20-minute advance warning.<ref>Rapp D. (2006). Radiation Effects and Shielding Requirements in Human Missions to the Moon and Mars. Mars 2:46-71. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1555/mars.2006.0004</nowiki></ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Currently, Mars has no probe or observatory in the line of sight (LOS) of the Sun, leaving an unpatrolled expanse of interplanetary space for dangerous solar ions to pass unchecked. A possible solution (akin to the Earth's SoHO<ref>[http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ SoHO mission page.]</ref> or ACE<ref>[http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ace/ ACE mission page.]</ref> observatories) could be to establish a simple and inexpensive solar observatory at the first Lagrangian Point<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point Lagrangian Point on Wikipedia.]</ref> (L<sub>1</sub>) in the Mars-Sun system. This is a gravitationally stable point in direct LOS with the Sun where a probe can be inserted to orbit around the Sun at the same rate as Mars. This proposed system would provide some warning for Mars settlers of the propagation of solar ions toward the Red Planet. See also: [[Early warning system (solar radiation)|Early warning system]]. If no such sensors were positioned between the Sun and Mars, interplanetary spacecraft or Mars habitats might be designed to include a sensor that can detect the x-ray burst that preceeds a solar proton event. However, this system would probably only provide a 20-minute advance warning.<ref>Rapp D. (2006). Radiation Effects and Shielding Requirements in Human Missions to the Moon and Mars. Mars 2:46-71. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1555/mars.2006.0004</nowiki></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However, if the sun is active with flares that could created a CME pointing in the rough direction of Mars, the explorers there should be alert to the danger. e.g. cancel long trips away from the habitat.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===References=== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===References=== </div></td></tr>
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</table>RichardWSmithhttp://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&diff=139013&oldid=prevRichardWSmith: /* Detecting damaging CME ions */2022-05-27T15:02:07Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Detecting damaging CME ions</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Detecting damaging CME ions== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Detecting damaging CME ions== </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Warning Mars settlers about the onset of damaging ions is therefore a high priority. Even on Earth, predicting CMEs and dangerous ions is very important as a massive current of global scale is applied during solar storms. This effect can [[static electricity|damage delicate satellite circuits]], thermally expand the upper atmosphere (thickening the atmosphere in low Earth orbit, [[Aerobreaking|slowing down satellites and decreasing their orbital altitudes]]) and even cause damage to power grids on the ground ([[aurora|auroral electrojets]] can have the effect of overloading country-wide electricity grids).<ref>[http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/eiskappenman.html ''Geomagnetic Storms Can Threaten Electric Power Grid'' - American Geophysical Union article.]</ref> Methods of predicting and detecting Coronal Mass Ejections are constantly being developed, including <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sun </del>observatories, but the most effective way of detecting the onset of an Earth-bound CME is to have a probe between the Earth and Sun.<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/25may_costep.htm The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) acting as an early warning device.]</ref> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Warning Mars settlers about the onset of damaging ions is therefore a high priority. Even on Earth, predicting CMEs and dangerous ions is very important as a massive current of global scale is applied during solar storms. This effect can [[static electricity|damage delicate satellite circuits]], thermally expand the upper atmosphere (thickening the atmosphere in low Earth orbit, [[Aerobreaking|slowing down satellites and decreasing their orbital altitudes]]) and even cause damage to power grids on the ground ([[aurora|auroral electrojets]] can have the effect of overloading country-wide electricity grids).<ref>[http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/eiskappenman.html ''Geomagnetic Storms Can Threaten Electric Power Grid'' - American Geophysical Union article.]</ref> Methods of predicting and detecting Coronal Mass Ejections are constantly being developed, including <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">solar </ins>observatories, but the most effective way of detecting the onset of an Earth-bound CME is to have a probe between the Earth and Sun.<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/25may_costep.htm The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) acting as an early warning device.]</ref> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===A contingency for Mars=== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===A contingency for Mars=== </div></td></tr>
</table>RichardWSmithhttp://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&diff=139012&oldid=prevRichardWSmith: /* Detecting damaging CME ions */ Pointed out, that solar observatories watch for CME.2022-05-27T15:01:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Detecting damaging CME ions: </span> Pointed out, that solar observatories watch for CME.</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Detecting damaging CME ions== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Detecting damaging CME ions== </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Warning Mars settlers about the onset of damaging ions is therefore a high priority. Even on Earth, predicting CMEs and dangerous ions is very important as a massive current of global scale is applied during solar storms. This effect can [[static electricity|damage delicate satellite circuits]], thermally expand the upper atmosphere (thickening the atmosphere in low Earth orbit, [[Aerobreaking|slowing down satellites and decreasing their orbital altitudes]]) and even cause damage to power grids on the ground ([[aurora|auroral electrojets]] can have the effect of overloading country-wide electricity grids).<ref>[http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/eiskappenman.html ''Geomagnetic Storms Can Threaten Electric Power Grid'' - American Geophysical Union article.]</ref> Methods of predicting and detecting Coronal Mass Ejections are constantly being developed, but the most effective way of detecting the onset of an Earth-bound CME is to have a probe between the Earth and Sun.<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/25may_costep.htm The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) acting as an early warning device.]</ref> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Warning Mars settlers about the onset of damaging ions is therefore a high priority. Even on Earth, predicting CMEs and dangerous ions is very important as a massive current of global scale is applied during solar storms. This effect can [[static electricity|damage delicate satellite circuits]], thermally expand the upper atmosphere (thickening the atmosphere in low Earth orbit, [[Aerobreaking|slowing down satellites and decreasing their orbital altitudes]]) and even cause damage to power grids on the ground ([[aurora|auroral electrojets]] can have the effect of overloading country-wide electricity grids).<ref>[http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/eiskappenman.html ''Geomagnetic Storms Can Threaten Electric Power Grid'' - American Geophysical Union article.]</ref> Methods of predicting and detecting Coronal Mass Ejections are constantly being developed<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, including sun observatories</ins>, but the most effective way of detecting the onset of an Earth-bound CME is to have a probe between the Earth and Sun.<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/25may_costep.htm The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) acting as an early warning device.]</ref> </div></td></tr>
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</table>RichardWSmithhttp://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&diff=127177&oldid=prevJburk at 21:51, 17 December 20182018-12-17T21:51:44Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Space Weather</del>]] </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Radiation Protection</ins>]] </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{SettlementIndex}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{SettlementIndex}}</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jburkhttp://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&diff=126142&oldid=prevJimL: Moved 2 sentence that I had earlier added to the Radiation page. It makes more sense to include this information on the CME page.2018-08-12T16:10:18Z<p>Moved 2 sentence that I had earlier added to the Radiation page. It makes more sense to include this information on the CME page.</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:10, 12 August 2018</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l5" >Line 5:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[Earth]], we are protected from dangerous high energy particles emitted by the Sun. The Earth's magnetic field acts as an umbrella, deflecting incoming ions and electrons, channeling them to the Earth's poles. This generates magnificent displays of light in polar regions, the [[aurora|Aurora Borialis]] (over the North Pole) and Aurora Australis (over the South Pole). The light is emitted in the upper polar [[atmosphere]], in the various layers of the ionosphere. [[Mars]] does not have the luxury of a protective magnetic field, and does not experience aurorae in polar regions. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[Earth]], we are protected from dangerous high energy particles emitted by the Sun. The Earth's magnetic field acts as an umbrella, deflecting incoming ions and electrons, channeling them to the Earth's poles. This generates magnificent displays of light in polar regions, the [[aurora|Aurora Borialis]] (over the North Pole) and Aurora Australis (over the South Pole). The light is emitted in the upper polar [[atmosphere]], in the various layers of the ionosphere. [[Mars]] does not have the luxury of a protective magnetic field, and does not experience aurorae in polar regions. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In addition, the Earth's atmosphere is over 100 times thicker than Mars'. This greatly increases the insulation of the planet from solar energetic particles, magnifying the intensity of aurorae. The Earth's atmosphere has the protective thickness equivalent to 10.3 meters of water,<ref> See discussion section. </ref> or approximately 3.4 meters of [[regolith]] (very important when considering [[hillside settlement|settlement design]]). The protective thickness of Mars' atmosphere is equal to only about a 27 cm thickness of water. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In addition, the Earth's atmosphere is over 100 times thicker than Mars'. This greatly increases the insulation of the planet from solar energetic particles, magnifying the intensity of aurorae. The Earth's atmosphere has the protective thickness equivalent to 10.3 meters of water,<ref>See discussion section. </ref> or approximately 3.4 meters of [[regolith]] (very important when considering [[hillside settlement|settlement design]]). The protective thickness of Mars' atmosphere is equal to only about a 27 cm thickness of water. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Settlement]] designers must therefore assume that Mars' atmosphere will not protect settlers from high energy, ionizing particles emitted from the Sun.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Settlement]] designers must therefore assume that Mars' atmosphere will not protect settlers from high energy, ionizing particles emitted from the Sun.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===A contingency for Mars=== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===A contingency for Mars=== </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Currently, Mars has no probe or observatory in the line of sight (LOS) of the Sun, leaving an unpatrolled expanse of interplanetary space for dangerous solar ions to pass unchecked. A possible solution (akin to the Earth's SoHO<ref>[http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ SoHO mission page.]</ref> or ACE<ref>[http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ace/ ACE mission page.]</ref> observatories) could be to establish a simple and inexpensive solar observatory at the first Lagrangian Point<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point Lagrangian Point on Wikipedia.]</ref> (L<sub>1</sub>) in the Mars-Sun system. This is a gravitationally stable point in direct LOS with the Sun where a probe can be inserted to orbit around the Sun at the same rate as Mars. This proposed system would provide some warning for Mars settlers of the propagation of solar ions toward the Red Planet. See also: [[Early warning system (solar radiation)|Early warning system]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Currently, Mars has no probe or observatory in the line of sight (LOS) of the Sun, leaving an unpatrolled expanse of interplanetary space for dangerous solar ions to pass unchecked. A possible solution (akin to the Earth's SoHO<ref>[http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ SoHO mission page.]</ref> or ACE<ref>[http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ace/ ACE mission page.]</ref> observatories) could be to establish a simple and inexpensive solar observatory at the first Lagrangian Point<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point Lagrangian Point on Wikipedia.]</ref> (L<sub>1</sub>) in the Mars-Sun system. This is a gravitationally stable point in direct LOS with the Sun where a probe can be inserted to orbit around the Sun at the same rate as Mars. This proposed system would provide some warning for Mars settlers of the propagation of solar ions toward the Red Planet. See also: [[Early warning system (solar radiation)|Early warning system]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. If no such sensors were positioned between the Sun and Mars, interplanetary spacecraft or Mars habitats might be designed to include a sensor that can detect the x-ray burst that preceeds a solar proton event. However, this system would probably only provide a 20-minute advance warning.<ref>Rapp D. (2006). Radiation Effects and Shielding Requirements in Human Missions to the Moon and Mars. Mars 2:46-71. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1555/mars.2006.0004</nowiki></ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===References=== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===References=== </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references/> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Space Weather]] </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Space Weather]] </div></td></tr>
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</table>JimLhttp://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&diff=7294&oldid=prevFarred: Undo revision 7285 by 190.152.149.84 (Talk) remove off topic edit2012-07-23T22:46:22Z<p>Undo revision 7285 by <a href="/Special:Contributions/190.152.149.84" title="Special:Contributions/190.152.149.84">190.152.149.84</a> (<a href="/index.php?title=User_talk:190.152.149.84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:190.152.149.84 (page does not exist)">Talk</a>) remove off topic edit</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:46, 23 July 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2" >Line 2:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coronal Mass Ejections''' (CMEs) are a direct result of magnetic instabilities (i.e. [[solar flares]]) on the surface of the [[Sun]] erupting and expelling millions of tons of solar plasma into interplanetary space. CMEs are strongly influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coronal Mass Ejections''' (CMEs) are a direct result of magnetic instabilities (i.e. [[solar flares]]) on the surface of the [[Sun]] erupting and expelling millions of tons of solar plasma into interplanetary space. CMEs are strongly influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Has anyone bsdeies Ron Paul ever really pushed the gold standard idea</del>? <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> I know </del>from <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reading one of Paul</del>'s <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">books that some members of Congress actually think we are still on </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gold standard</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Also</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">everything is relative. Sure if you are looking at </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">two situations </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">US </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Europe</del>) the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">one </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Europe is more </del>of a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">crisis </del>in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sense that </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">US </del>has <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">more tools </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">deal with the situation</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> However</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for people in the states the debt crisis is not contrived and </del>is of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a real and immediate concern</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Calling it contrived doesn</del>'<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">t actually make it so</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==A hazard to settlers</ins>?<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">On [[Earth]], we are protected </ins>from <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dangerous high energy particles emitted by the Sun. The Earth</ins>'s <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">magnetic field acts as an umbrella, deflecting incoming ions and electrons, channeling them to </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Earth's poles</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This generates magnificent displays of light in polar regions</ins>, the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[aurora|Aurora Borialis]] </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">over the North Pole) </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Aurora Australis (over the South Pole</ins>)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. The light is emitted in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">upper polar [[atmosphere]], </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the various layers of the ionosphere. [[Mars]] does not have the luxury </ins>of a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">protective magnetic field, and does not experience aurorae </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">polar regions. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In addition, </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Earth's atmosphere is over 100 times thicker than Mars'. This greatly increases the insulation of the planet from solar energetic particles, magnifying </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">intensity of aurorae. The Earth's atmosphere </ins>has <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the protective thickness equivalent </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3 meters of water</ins>,<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref> See discussion section. </ref> or approximately 3.4 meters of [[regolith]] (very important when considering [[hillside settlement|settlement design]]). The protective thickness of Mars' atmosphere </ins>is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">equal to only about a 27 cm thickness </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">water</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Settlement]] designers must therefore assume that Mars</ins>' <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">atmosphere will not protect settlers from high energy, ionizing particles emitted from the Sun</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Detecting damaging CME ions== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Detecting damaging CME ions== </div></td></tr>
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</table>Farredhttp://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&diff=7285&oldid=prev190.152.149.84: /* A hazard to settlers? */2012-07-23T09:15:44Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">A hazard to settlers?</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:15, 23 July 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2" >Line 2:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coronal Mass Ejections''' (CMEs) are a direct result of magnetic instabilities (i.e. [[solar flares]]) on the surface of the [[Sun]] erupting and expelling millions of tons of solar plasma into interplanetary space. CMEs are strongly influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coronal Mass Ejections''' (CMEs) are a direct result of magnetic instabilities (i.e. [[solar flares]]) on the surface of the [[Sun]] erupting and expelling millions of tons of solar plasma into interplanetary space. CMEs are strongly influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==A hazard to settlers</del>?<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Has anyone bsdeies Ron Paul ever really pushed the gold standard idea</ins>? <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> I know from reading one of Paul's books that some members of Congress actually think </ins>we are <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">still on </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gold standard</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Also</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">everything is relative</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sure if you are looking at </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">two situations </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">US </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Europe</ins>) the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">one </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Europe is more </ins>of a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">crisis </ins>in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sense that </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">US has more tools to deal with </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">situation. However</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for people in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">states </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">debt crisis is not contrived and is </ins>of a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">real and immediate concern</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Calling it contrived doesn</ins>'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">t actually make it so</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">On [[Earth]], </del>we are <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">protected from dangerous high energy particles emitted by </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sun</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Earth's magnetic field acts as an umbrella</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">deflecting incoming ions and electrons, channeling them to the Earth's poles</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This generates magnificent displays of light in polar regions, </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[aurora|Aurora Borialis]] </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">over the North Pole) </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Aurora Australis (over the South Pole</del>)<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. The light is emitted in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">upper polar [[atmosphere]], </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the various layers of the ionosphere. [[Mars]] does not have the luxury </del>of a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">protective magnetic field, and does not experience aurorae </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">polar regions. </del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In addition, </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Earth's atmosphere is over 100 times thicker than Mars'. This greatly increases </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">insulation of </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">planet from solar energetic particles</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">magnifying </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">intensity of aurorae. The Earth's atmosphere has </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">protective thickness equivalent to 10.3 meters of water,<ref> See discussion section. </ref> or approximately 3.4 meters </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[regolith]] (very important when considering [[hillside settlement|settlement design]]). The protective thickness of Mars' atmosphere is equal to only about </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">27 cm thickness of water</del>. </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Settlement]] designers must therefore assume that Mars</del>' <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">atmosphere will not protect settlers from high energy, ionizing particles emitted from the Sun</del>.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Detecting damaging CME ions== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Detecting damaging CME ions== </div></td></tr>
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</table>190.152.149.84http://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&diff=7202&oldid=prevStrangelv: licence inclarity resolved -- removing tag2012-06-25T04:05:43Z<p>licence inclarity resolved -- removing tag</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:05, 25 June 2012</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Cme.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (LASCO) observation of a CME.]] </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Cme.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (LASCO) observation of a CME.]] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coronal Mass Ejections''' (CMEs) are a direct result of magnetic instabilities (i.e. [[solar flares]]) on the surface of the [[Sun]] erupting and expelling millions of tons of solar plasma into interplanetary space. CMEs are strongly influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coronal Mass Ejections''' (CMEs) are a direct result of magnetic instabilities (i.e. [[solar flares]]) on the surface of the [[Sun]] erupting and expelling millions of tons of solar plasma into interplanetary space. CMEs are strongly influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{SettlementIndex}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{SettlementIndex}}</div></td></tr>
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</table>Strangelvhttp://marspedia.org/index.php?title=Coronal_Mass_Ejections&diff=7179&oldid=prevStrangelv: applying {{Indeterminant}}2012-06-23T01:19:58Z<p>applying {{Indeterminant}}</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:19, 23 June 2012</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Indeterminant}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Cme.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (LASCO) observation of a CME.]] </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Cme.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (LASCO) observation of a CME.]] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coronal Mass Ejections''' (CMEs) are a direct result of magnetic instabilities (i.e. [[solar flares]]) on the surface of the [[Sun]] erupting and expelling millions of tons of solar plasma into interplanetary space. CMEs are strongly influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coronal Mass Ejections''' (CMEs) are a direct result of magnetic instabilities (i.e. [[solar flares]]) on the surface of the [[Sun]] erupting and expelling millions of tons of solar plasma into interplanetary space. CMEs are strongly influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). </div></td></tr>
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</table>Strangelv