Funding
The money to pay for all costs may come from different sources. Since the costs are astronomically high, a global funding seems to be the most promising approach. The first human mission to Mars may be estimated with about 10 billion USD.
Contents
Funding by Government
National space agencies, like NASA, have several responsibilities. They are busy enough with orbital and scientific tasks. Extraterrestrial colonization is usually not in scope.
Private Investors
There are very few super-rich people on Earth, whose money would suffice for a first step of Martian colonization.
Media Event
Generating money from global media events is the plan of Mars One. They want to generate 6 billion USD during a period of 10 years. Compared with the Olympic games, which generated about 3 billion USD within two weeks, this sounds promising.
Crowdfunding
Donations by many people around the world may result in vast amounts of money. But most people are sceptic about the outcome of the project. A person may donate 100 USD to support the project, but can not be sure that this donation really leads to the wanted landing on Mars. If the financing is not sufficient, the project will fail. So, the donor has spent the money for nothing.
What if the success could be guaranteed? How much would the same donor pay, if he can be absolutely sure that the money will have the wanted effect, that the colonization comes true? Would he pay ten times as much, e.g. 1000 USD? The following crowdfunding model could provide such a guaranty.
Secured Donations with Guaranty
At the beginning of the project the donor signs a contract with the colonizing organization, in which he obligates himself to pay a certain amount, e.g. 1000 USD, as soon as the colony on Mars is established and the settlers have arrived there. If the project succeeds, the donor must pay. If the project fails, the donor does not need to pay.
Many contracts with donors from all around the world sum up to a large amount. If the sum is published, everyone can watch how far the financial costs are covered. Media companies may serve as very potent donors, if they get the rights to broadcast the live events on TV according to the amount of their donations. Sooner or later the sum covers the whole project. This is the moment the project can start. Until then, no money at all is really available, but the prospect of a success becomes palpable, at least from the financial aspect. Now the organization must convince potential investors that they are technically able to do the colonization. The investors give the real money and the rockets and all the other stuff can be made. The colony is built, the settlers go to Mars. Finally, the investors get a return of their investment from the contracts of the donors, but only if the project succeeds. The donors give the money, but the investors take the risk. Surely, the investors will carefully supervise the organization to protect their investment.
The deferred payment contracts are only one possibility. An alternative is the setup of an interest-bearing escrow deposit. Depending on the outcome of the project, the donor or the organization gets the deposit finally.
