Heavy Ions

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Heavy ions are charged particles heavier than an alpha particle.[1] They consitute 1% of cosmic radiation.[2]


Exposures

[3]Abundances and energies of heavy ions in cosmic radiation.


Health Effects

Shielding Considerations

  1. Heavy ion. (1998, Jul 20). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/heavy-ion
  2. Schimmerling W. (2011, Feb 5). The Space Radiation Environment: An Introduction. https://three.jsc.nasa.gov/concepts/SpaceRadiationEnviron.pdf
  3. Schimmerling W. (2011, Feb 5). The Space Radiation Environment: An Introduction. https://three.jsc.nasa.gov/concepts/SpaceRadiationEnviron.pdf