Marspedia - User contributions [en]

File:Subsurface Drilling on Mars.pdf

2022-12-05T03:57:30Z

Anuj Krovvidi: In this article, we will cover in-depth how rovers like Perseverance drill core samples from the martian rock and the martian regolith, how they seal and store them securely inside the rover, and finally how we will analyze these core samples to reveal information on past life on Mars.

== Summary ==
In this article, we will cover in-depth how rovers like Perseverance drill core samples from the
martian rock and the martian regolith, how they seal and store them securely inside the rover,
and finally how we will analyze these core samples to reveal information on past life on Mars.
== Licensing ==
{{CC-by-sa-4.0}}

Needed Articles

2021-02-18T00:37:05Z

Anuj Krovvidi: /* Mars Spacecraft/Robotic Missions */

This is the global collection of articles that are needed by [[Marspedia]] and shall be a guide for authors, who want to start new articles without knowing which direction to go. Articles with existing links may need expansion.

The [[:Category:Bootstrap lists|Bootstrap lists]] offers an alternative path to lists of articles than need be upgraded.
==Mars Planetary Science==

*List of Mars Calendars
*[[Mars orbit|Mars' Orbital Position]]
*[[Areomorphology|Martian "Geomorphology". What processes have shaped Mars?]]
*[[Mars surface features|What are the different topologies on Mars?]]
*[[Dust storms|Global dust storms]]
*What is the date on Mars? What year/season/month is it?
*Upper atmosphere chemical processes
*[[Gravity|What do the differences in gravity show us?]]
*[[Imaging Spectroscopy|Reflectance and emission spectroscopy]]
*Mineral identification from satellite, balloon, and aircraft carried instruments
*Multispectral and thermal infrared imaging
*[[Geological processes that have shaped Mars: Why Mars looks like it does|Geological processes that have shaped Mars]]
*[[In-situ resource utilization|What minerals could be mined on Mars?]]
*[[Mars atlas geology|Mineral spatial distribution]]
*Subsurface water or ice deposits
*Surface ice at poles
*[[Mars Atlas|Surface elevation profiles and maps]]
*[[Martian weather]]
*[[Mars volcanoes]] 'Replace with [[Mars atlas Volcanoes and Craters]]'
*[[Geography of Mars|Martian dichotomy]]
*[[Toponymy of Mars]]
*[[Moons of Mars (Phobos and Deimos)]]
*Organic compounds on Mars
*[[Liquid Water on Mars|Liquid water]]
*[[Magnetosphere|Magnetic field]]

==Mars Spacecraft/Robotic Missions==

*Utility of unmanned missions
*Scientific data (collection/transmission/interpretation)
*Follow the water strategy
*Subsurface search strategy
*On-site organic compound detection
*DNA/RNA analysis chips
*Spectrographic imagery
*Multispectral mineral identification
*Multimission timelines
*Mission sequences
*Current and planned instruments
*[[Spacecraft Classification|Orbital vs. lander vs. robotic exploration]]
*[[Aerobraking|Aerocapture orbits]]
*[[Mars cycler|Earth-Mars cyclers]]
*[[Fuel|Chemical propellants]]
*[[Nuclear thermal propulsion|Nuclear thermal rockets]]
*[[Ion thruster|Ion propulsion]]
*[[Solar concentrator|Solar mirrors]]
*DNA/RNA analysis chips
*[[Interplanetary communications|Mars to Earth communication systems]]
*[[Areostationary orbit|Equatorial stationary satellites (for communication)]]
*Aeropositioning satellites (analagous to GPS)
*Miniaturized chemical/molecular identification systems
*Laser communication systems
*Advanced sensing
*AI autonomy
*[[3D Printer|3D printing of complex geometries]]
*[[3D Printer|Self-replicating machines]]
*Hybrid machine enhanced biologics
*Exploration missions (list including chronology and instruments)
*Imagery
*Spectroscopy
*[[Interplanetary communications|Communications]]
*Lander mission atmospheric seasonal measurements
*Subsurface drilling and chemical analysis
*Degrees of autonomy
*[[Research|Regolith sampling and mineral identification]]

==Mars Human Exploration==

*[[Transport from Earth to Mars|Transport options]]
*[[Perchlorate|Perchlorates in regolith]]
*Mars Direct rockets
*Reverse thrust rockets
*[[Landing on Mars|Parachute-assisted descent vehicles]]
*[[Fuel|Methane-oxygen rockets]]
*Aerology and minerology mapping
*[[EVA Suit|Hybrid hard shell EVA suits]]
*[[EVA Suit|Skin-tight mechanical counterpressure suits]]
*[[Funding]]: International, national, and commercial
*Human factors in crew selection
*[[Radiation|Radiation protection: in transit and for exploration missions]]
*Physical fitness for exploration missions
*Cross training in skill sets
*[[Gravity|Health effects of microgravity]]
*Psychological stressors in transit
*Medical training for exploration teams
*Medical equipment for exploration teams
*[[Exobiology|Search for life]]
*[[Atmospheric processing|Oxygen from CO2 atmosphere]]
*[[Atmospheric processing|Organic chemicals and fuel from atmosphere]]
*Exploration and science in simulated marssuits
*Long-duration missions
*Human factors studies

==Mars Human Settlement==

*[[Settlement facilities]]
*[[Transportation|Inter-settlement transportation]]
*[[Rovers|Exploration rovers and rover assistants]]
*[[Starship|Falcon Heavy for nonhuman payloads]]
*[[Starship|Big Falcon Rocket for human/nonhuman payloads]]
*[[Life support|Biosystems to maintain 02/CO2 ratio]]
*[[Water Infrastructure|Distribution of water (liquid and ice) on Mars]]
*[[Potable water treatment|Impurities in water on Mars]]
*[[Settlement|Size and specialization of settlements]]
*[[List of martian products|Manufactured products]]
*[[Martian architecture|Architecture of buildings]]
*[[Transportation|Wheeled vs. railed surface transportation]]
*[[Food|Will Martians eat meat?]]
*[[Settlement systems|How will the Martians communicate across the planet?]]
*[[Energy|Total thermal energy need per capita]]
*[[Energy|Total electrical need per capita]]
*[[Food|100% Mars-sourced food production]]
*Crop choices influenced by ability to thrive in Mars environments
*[[ISRU timeline|The listing and timing of materials produced from Mars resources]]
*[[3D Printer|Additive manufacture (incl. 3D printing)]]
*Will individual settlements establish their own societal rules?
*[[Land|Who owns Mars?]]
*[[Interplanetary commerce|Mars, LEO, Moon trade triangle]]
*[[Terraforming|Increase in pressure needed to allow standing liquid pure water on surface]]
*[[Terraforming|Increase in surface temperature to partially melt polar ice caps]]

==Mars Outreach==

*Mars Society chapters
*Mars Society conferences
*MDRS crews
*Mars Society projects
*Mars Society goals
*[[Mars Foundation]]: About the organization
*[[Hillside settlement]]
*[[Plains settlement]]
*About Marspedia
*The Goals of Marspedia
*Explore Mars
*Mars One
*Mars Journal

==Mars Arts and Literature==

*[[List of books set on Mars|chronology of Mars science fiction]]
*lists of Mars science fiction by plot-line focus
*List of plays
*[[List of movies]]
*List of documentaries
*List of TV Series
*List of computer games
*List of board games
*Accuracy of depiction of Mars in popular culture

Spacecraft Classification

2020-11-30T02:44:18Z

Anuj Krovvidi: Added link for Mariner 9

Abstract:
The sky is scattered with many different types of spacecraft. Although so many, we can easily differentiate Spacecraft from one another by using Spacecraft Classification. These are the main types of Spacecraft in the sky right now.
Flyby Spacecraft
Orbiter Spacecraft
Atmospheric Spacecraft
Lander Spacecraft
Penetrator Spacecraft
Rover Spacecraft
Observatory Spacecraft
Communications Spacecraft
In this article, I will be going over the pros and cons of each spacecraft, what its main goal is, and what it takes to build one.

Flyby Spacecraft:
Flyby spacecraft are spacecraft that are designed to “flyby” a planet and take observations. Flyby spacecraft are not to be confused with Orbiter Spacecrafts because the primary goal of a Flyby spacecraft is to observe and record without being captured by the planet’s gravity. The spacecraft’s orbit will be designed to pass close by planets but never orbit one instead of following a continuous orbit around the sun.

These types of Spacecraft have to be able to record science and data as their objects pass by. Flyby spacecraft must also be able to transmit and store data and science as well as survive very long periods in harsh conditions in the journey between planets.

Some notable examples of Flyby Spacecraft are the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 missions which flew past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Other examples include the Pioneer and Mariner series of spacecraft.

Orbiter Spacecraft:
The Orbiter spacecraft although very like its brother the Flyby it does have many key differences. One main difference is that the Orbiter Spacecraft unlike the Flyby’s main goal is to orbit and observe one planet whereas the Flyby has the ability to observe many. However, the Orbiter spacecraft has the ability to conduct more in-depth scientific experiments with the advantage of being closer to the planet and in orbit, therefore, being able to observe the planet and its movements for a longer period of time. According to NASA, you can think of the Orbiter as a phase two to the Flyby with the initial reconnaissance followed up by in-depth study and research.

Scientists’ main concerns when designing and building an orbiter spacecraft are the concerns of Earth and Sun occultations. A Sun Occultation is when the planet gets in front of the spacecraft’s view of the Sun thus not providing it with the energy to fuel its solar panels. An Earth Occultation is similar but this time it is the planet blocking Earth from view therefore forcing the spacecraft to be unable to transmit data until Earth is in view.

Some notable examples of an orbiter spacecraft are the Cassini spacecraft to Saturn, the [[Mariner 9]] spacecraft to Mars, and the Magellan spacecraft to Venus.

Atmospheric Spacecraft:
Atmospheric Spacecraft is a very interesting brand of Spacecraft. Rather than having its own propulsion systems onboard, Atmospheric Spacecraft piggyback another spacecraft (usually an orbiter or flyby) to its destination. Atmospheric Spacecraft as the name implies its main objective is to observe and record data on a specific celestial body. The spacecraft then detaches itself and plunges into the atmosphere and collects key data such as atmospheric composition, barometric pressure, and many more interesting data points.

Since the Atmospheric Spacecraft does not require any specific propulsion systems Scientists take the opportunity to pack it with other scientific instruments. Of course, the spacecraft requires a battery to operate and telecommunications to communicate back to Earth or the ship it was detached from but otherwise, some examples of instruments would be a barometer, some sort of Mass Spectrometer, and other experiments relating to the celestial body it is studying.

A notable example of an Atmospheric Spacecraft is the Huygens Probe to Titan.

Robotic Spacecraft:
The Robotic Spacecraft sector is one of the more well known. This includes Rover Spacecraft, Lander Spacecraft, and Penetrator Spacecraft.

We will start with the most known one which is the Rover Spacecraft. The Rover Spacecraft are spacecraft designed to move and operate on the surface of another celestial body. Rover Spacecraft are generally jam-packed with scientific instruments but scientists like to take advantage of being on the planet rather than orbiting and usually pack it with more rock observing and geology type-of experiments rather than atmospheric experiments which they could achieve with an atmospheric Spacecraft like the Huygens.

Some very notable examples of rover Spacecraft are the Mars Perseverance Rover as well as some other mars rovers such as the Curiosity, Opportunity, and Spirit rovers.

The second branch of Robotic Spacecraft is the Lander Spacecraft. Similar to the Rover Spacecraft these spacecraft land on the surface but do not move but simply sit in one place and record data that is transmitted back to an Earth Ground Station.

Some notable examples of a Lander Spacecraft are that of the Viking Missions to Mars.

The third is the Penetrator Spacecraft. This type of Spacecraft is relatively uncommon and has more recently been replaced with Impactor Probes. The Penetrator Spacecraft are spacecraft that’s main job is to dig under the surface of a celestial body and record data from underground.

Most Impactor Probes are prototypes so there are not many examples of this spacecraft.

Created by Anuj Krovvidi

Spacecraft Classification

2020-11-28T22:54:48Z

Anuj Krovvidi: Created page with "Abstract: The sky is scattered with many different types of spacecraft. Although so many, we can easily differentiate Spacecraft from one another by using Spacecraft Classific..."

Abstract:
The sky is scattered with many different types of spacecraft. Although so many, we can easily differentiate Spacecraft from one another by using Spacecraft Classification. These are the main types of Spacecraft in the sky right now.
Flyby Spacecraft
Orbiter Spacecraft
Atmospheric Spacecraft
Lander Spacecraft
Penetrator Spacecraft
Rover Spacecraft
Observatory Spacecraft
Communications Spacecraft
In this article, I will be going over the pros and cons of each spacecraft, what its main goal is, and what it takes to build one.

Flyby Spacecraft:
Flyby spacecraft are spacecraft that are designed to “flyby” a planet and take observations. Flyby spacecraft are not to be confused with Orbiter Spacecrafts because the primary goal of a Flyby spacecraft is to observe and record without being captured by the planet’s gravity. The spacecraft’s orbit will be designed to pass close by planets but never orbit one instead of following a continuous orbit around the sun.

These types of Spacecraft have to be able to record science and data as their objects pass by. Flyby spacecraft must also be able to transmit and store data and science as well as survive very long periods in harsh conditions in the journey between planets.

Some notable examples of Flyby Spacecraft are the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 missions which flew past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Other examples include the Pioneer and Mariner series of spacecraft.

Orbiter Spacecraft:
The Orbiter spacecraft although very like its brother the Flyby it does have many key differences. One main difference is that the Orbiter Spacecraft unlike the Flyby’s main goal is to orbit and observe one planet whereas the Flyby has the ability to observe many. However, the Orbiter spacecraft has the ability to conduct more in-depth scientific experiments with the advantage of being closer to the planet and in orbit, therefore, being able to observe the planet and its movements for a longer period of time. According to NASA, you can think of the Orbiter as a phase two to the Flyby with the initial reconnaissance followed up by in-depth study and research.

Scientists’ main concerns when designing and building an orbiter spacecraft are the concerns of Earth and Sun occultations. A Sun Occultation is when the planet gets in front of the spacecraft’s view of the Sun thus not providing it with the energy to fuel its solar panels. An Earth Occultation is similar but this time it is the planet blocking Earth from view therefore forcing the spacecraft to be unable to transmit data until Earth is in view.

Some notable examples of an orbiter spacecraft are the Cassini spacecraft to Saturn, the Mariner 9 spacecraft to Mars, and the Magellan spacecraft to Venus.

Atmospheric Spacecraft:
Atmospheric Spacecraft is a very interesting brand of Spacecraft. Rather than having its own propulsion systems onboard, Atmospheric Spacecraft piggyback another spacecraft (usually an orbiter or flyby) to its destination. Atmospheric Spacecraft as the name implies its main objective is to observe and record data on a specific celestial body. The spacecraft then detaches itself and plunges into the atmosphere and collects key data such as atmospheric composition, barometric pressure, and many more interesting data points.

Since the Atmospheric Spacecraft does not require any specific propulsion systems Scientists take the opportunity to pack it with other scientific instruments. Of course, the spacecraft requires a battery to operate and telecommunications to communicate back to Earth or the ship it was detached from but otherwise, some examples of instruments would be a barometer, some sort of Mass Spectrometer, and other experiments relating to the celestial body it is studying.

A notable example of an Atmospheric Spacecraft is the Huygens Probe to Titan.

Robotic Spacecraft:
The Robotic Spacecraft sector is one of the more well known. This includes Rover Spacecraft, Lander Spacecraft, and Penetrator Spacecraft.

We will start with the most known one which is the Rover Spacecraft. The Rover Spacecraft are spacecraft designed to move and operate on the surface of another celestial body. Rover Spacecraft are generally jam-packed with scientific instruments but scientists like to take advantage of being on the planet rather than orbiting and usually pack it with more rock observing and geology type-of experiments rather than atmospheric experiments which they could achieve with an atmospheric Spacecraft like the Huygens.

Some very notable examples of rover Spacecraft are the Mars Perseverance Rover as well as some other mars rovers such as the Curiosity, Opportunity, and Spirit rovers.

The second branch of Robotic Spacecraft is the Lander Spacecraft. Similar to the Rover Spacecraft these spacecraft land on the surface but do not move but simply sit in one place and record data that is transmitted back to an Earth Ground Station.

Some notable examples of a Lander Spacecraft are that of the Viking Missions to Mars.

The third is the Penetrator Spacecraft. This type of Spacecraft is relatively uncommon and has more recently been replaced with Impactor Probes. The Penetrator Spacecraft are spacecraft that’s main job is to dig under the surface of a celestial body and record data from underground.

Most Impactor Probes are prototypes so there are not many examples of this spacecraft.

Created by Anuj Krovvidi

User:Anuj Krovvidi

2020-11-28T22:52:54Z

Anuj Krovvidi: Created page with "Hello!! My name is Anuj Krovvidi, I am a 8th grader in Washington who is very passionate about space and astronomy. I have participated in many space competitions as well as l..."

Hello!! My name is Anuj Krovvidi, I am a 8th grader in Washington who is very passionate about space and astronomy. I have participated in many space competitions as well as launched by own rocketry club