Marspedia - User contributions [en]

Space launch system

2017-12-14T21:31:36Z

Bartacus: Created page with "NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) is a super-heavy-lift launch vehicle designed to support human exploration activities beyond Earth orbit. Begun in 2011, the program is a hold..."

NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) is a super-heavy-lift launch vehicle designed to support human exploration activities beyond Earth orbit. Begun in 2011, the program is a hold-over from NASA's Constellation Program, which was canceled in 2010. Leveraging NASA investments in Space Shuttle and Constellation Program hardware, the SLS launch vehicle comprises an 8.4-meter-diameter core stage, which is the same diameter as the Space Shuttle external tank. The core stage is flanked by two five-segment solid rocket boosters modified from the four-segment SRBs used on Shuttle. Core stage main propulsion will be provided by four RS-25E Space Shuttle main engines repurposed for the SLS application. The upper stage comprises a Delta (IV) Cryogenic Second Stage (DCSS) with a single RL10 engine, called the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS). The ICPS will eventually be replaced by a four-engine upper stage Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage (ACES). The initial capability of the "Block 1A" vehicle (scheduled to launch by mid-2020) is 70,000 kg to low-Earth orbit. later versions of the vehicle are slated to carry up to 105,000 kg (Block 1B) and 130,000 kg (Block 2). The first launch of SLS will be an unmanned Orion spacecraft, which will perform autonomous maneuvers around the Moon (including a Distant Retrograde Orbit) before returning to Earth for splashdown.

BFR

2017-12-14T19:45:01Z

Bartacus:

The BFR (acronym for "Big F---ing Rocket") is a two-stage super-heavy-lift launch vehicle being developed by [[SpaceX]]. First unveiled at the International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in 2016, the BFR was originally presented as having a 12-meter-diameter core, a gross liftoff mass of 10,500 metric tonnes, and an overall height of 122 meters.[http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/CtYk9RZUIAAU7lT.jpg] At the 2017 IAC, Musk revealed a somewhat smaller version of the BFS, with a 9-meter diameter and a height of 106 meters. Whatever its eventual configuration, the BFR would be powered by SpaceX's cryogenic methane Raptor engine, currently in development.

While Musk suggested that the BFR could be used for point-to-point launch services on Earth, the massive rocket was originally positioned as the core portion of an Interplanetary Transport System (ITS) to Mars. The mission profile for BFR would comprise a first launch of the core stage and crewed upper stage to low-Earth orbit. The first stage would return to the launch site, have a tanker spacecraft placed on top, and then relaunch to rendezvous with and refuel the ITS spacecraft, which would then accelerate toward Mars. ITS' outbound velocity would be 100,800 kph. En route, the spacecraft would be powered by solar arrays capable of generating up to 200 kW of power. Upon reaching Mars, the ITS would use a combination of aerobraking and rocket thrust to decelerate and soft-land vertically, tail-first on the surface.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qo78R_yYFA&feature=youtu.be] The use of methane on the Raptor indicates that SpaceX hopes to use Mars-produced methane via

A subsequent SpaceX video depicted the BFR as providing nonstop transportation from New York to Shanghai in 39 minutes and "Anywhere on Earth in under an hour."<ref>SpaceX. "BFR | Earth to Earth," ''YouTube.com,'' September 28, 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqE-ultsWt0. </ref>

Atmospheric processing

2017-12-14T19:44:40Z

Bartacus: /* Methane */

'''Atmospheric processing''' describes the extraction of substances out of the Martian [[atmosphere]] and the usage as raw material for further processing. Unlike surface and sub-surface mining, the atmospheric mining does not require the movement of large amounts of [[regolith]] or rock with heavy machinery, nor is expensive transport per [[rover]] or [[railroad]] necessary. The atmosphere can simply be sucked in through a pipe at every location, and the processing is done inside of [[building]]s. Also, the maintenance of all the mining machinery is in-house, which is a major safety advantage.

== Collection of Atmosphere ==
A device similar to a vacuum pump collects Martian air. The collected gas is compressed to the habitat's internal pressure for easier handling.

== Processing ==
===Compression===
Compression above 5,19 bar allows to liquefy carbon dioxide.

===Distillation===
The atmosphere is cooled to remove water vapor as a condensate. As the gas continues to cool most of the rest of the water vapor is removed as frost. The dry gas is cooled further to remove carbon dioxide
condensate. There will be more carbon dioxide than is needed for industrial purposes so some of it will be expanded to help power the compressors and to cool the incoming gas. Then excess CO2 will be discharged.

==Wanted Substances==
===Dust===
The Martian [[atmosphere]] contains variable amounts of [[dust]], which consists of similar [[minerals]] like [[regolith]]. Electro-static filters may be used to collect the dust.

===Water===
The 0.03 % [[water]] vapor (H2O) is equivalent to about 10 % air humidity after adiabatic compression and cooling to around 1°C. A device similar to an air dehumidifier can be used to extract this water.

===Carbon Dioxide===
[[Carbon dioxide]] is the main part of the Martian atmosphere with 96 %. It can be used for the [[hydrocarbon synthesis]].

===Nitrogen and argon===
The balance of the remaining gas after carbon dioxide condensation contains mostly [[nitrogen]] and [[argon]]. This mixture can serve as a buffer for oxygen to produce a breathable atmosphere, where Carbon monoxide must be catalytically removed.

Nitrogen can be separated out for use as ammonia and nitrates in fertilizer and as nitric acid in industry.

=== Methane ===
Methane (CH4) could be created by combining carbon dioxide extracted from the martian atmosphere and hydrogen electrolyzed out of local or imported water. Methane could be used as an in-situ fuel for surface vehicles or a cryogenic rocket propellant combined with liquid oxygen. SpaceX's Raptor engine, currently in development, uses methane and is promots the primary engine for the company's [[BFR]]
*b[[Mining|ing]]

[[Category:ISRU]]
[[category: geology]]
[[category: material]]

Atmospheric processing

2017-12-14T19:42:45Z

Bartacus: /* Methacombining e */

'''Atmospheric processing''' describes the extraction of substances out of the Martian [[atmosphere]] and the usage as raw material for further processing. Unlike surface and sub-surface mining, the atmospheric mining does not require the movement of large amounts of [[regolith]] or rock with heavy machinery, nor is expensive transport per [[rover]] or [[railroad]] necessary. The atmosphere can simply be sucked in through a pipe at every location, and the processing is done inside of [[building]]s. Also, the maintenance of all the mining machinery is in-house, which is a major safety advantage.

== Collection of Atmosphere ==
A device similar to a vacuum pump collects Martian air. The collected gas is compressed to the habitat's internal pressure for easier handling.

== Processing ==
===Compression===
Compression above 5,19 bar allows to liquefy carbon dioxide.

===Distillation===
The atmosphere is cooled to remove water vapor as a condensate. As the gas continues to cool most of the rest of the water vapor is removed as frost. The dry gas is cooled further to remove carbon dioxide
condensate. There will be more carbon dioxide than is needed for industrial purposes so some of it will be expanded to help power the compressors and to cool the incoming gas. Then excess CO2 will be discharged.

==Wanted Substances==
===Dust===
The Martian [[atmosphere]] contains variable amounts of [[dust]], which consists of similar [[minerals]] like [[regolith]]. Electro-static filters may be used to collect the dust.

===Water===
The 0.03 % [[water]] vapor (H2O) is equivalent to about 10 % air humidity after adiabatic compression and cooling to around 1°C. A device similar to an air dehumidifier can be used to extract this water.

===Carbon Dioxide===
[[Carbon dioxide]] is the main part of the Martian atmosphere with 96 %. It can be used for the [[hydrocarbon synthesis]].

===Nitrogen and argon===
The balance of the remaining gas after carbon dioxide condensation contains mostly [[nitrogen]] and [[argon]]. This mixture can serve as a buffer for oxygen to produce a breathable atmosphere, where Carbon monoxide must be catalytically removed.

Nitrogen can be separated out for use as ammonia and nitrates in fertilizer and as nitric acid in industry. Argon is useful for industrial processes that must be perforMethane (CH4) could be extracted given the concentration of carbon dioxidemed in an inert atmosphcrye a

=== Methane ===
Methane (CH4) could be created by combining carbon dioxide extracted from the martian atmosphere and hydrogen electrolyzed out of local or imported water. Methane could be used as an in-situ fuel for surface vehicles or a cryogenic rocket propellant combined with liquid oxygen. SpaceX's Raptor engine, currently in development, uses methane and is promots the primary engine for the company's [[BFR]]
*b[[Mining|ing]]

[[Category:ISRU]]
[[category: geology]]
[[category: material]]

Atmospheric processing

2017-12-14T19:42:23Z

Bartacus: /* Wanted Substances */

'''Atmospheric processing''' describes the extraction of substances out of the Martian [[atmosphere]] and the usage as raw material for further processing. Unlike surface and sub-surface mining, the atmospheric mining does not require the movement of large amounts of [[regolith]] or rock with heavy machinery, nor is expensive transport per [[rover]] or [[railroad]] necessary. The atmosphere can simply be sucked in through a pipe at every location, and the processing is done inside of [[building]]s. Also, the maintenance of all the mining machinery is in-house, which is a major safety advantage.

== Collection of Atmosphere ==
A device similar to a vacuum pump collects Martian air. The collected gas is compressed to the habitat's internal pressure for easier handling.

== Processing ==
===Compression===
Compression above 5,19 bar allows to liquefy carbon dioxide.

===Distillation===
The atmosphere is cooled to remove water vapor as a condensate. As the gas continues to cool most of the rest of the water vapor is removed as frost. The dry gas is cooled further to remove carbon dioxide
condensate. There will be more carbon dioxide than is needed for industrial purposes so some of it will be expanded to help power the compressors and to cool the incoming gas. Then excess CO2 will be discharged.

==Wanted Substances==
===Dust===
The Martian [[atmosphere]] contains variable amounts of [[dust]], which consists of similar [[minerals]] like [[regolith]]. Electro-static filters may be used to collect the dust.

===Water===
The 0.03 % [[water]] vapor (H2O) is equivalent to about 10 % air humidity after adiabatic compression and cooling to around 1°C. A device similar to an air dehumidifier can be used to extract this water.

===Carbon Dioxide===
[[Carbon dioxide]] is the main part of the Martian atmosphere with 96 %. It can be used for the [[hydrocarbon synthesis]].

===Nitrogen and argon===
The balance of the remaining gas after carbon dioxide condensation contains mostly [[nitrogen]] and [[argon]]. This mixture can serve as a buffer for oxygen to produce a breathable atmosphere, where Carbon monoxide must be catalytically removed.

Nitrogen can be separated out for use as ammonia and nitrates in fertilizer and as nitric acid in industry. Argon is useful for industrial processes that must be perforMethane (CH4) could be extracted given the concentration of carbon dioxidemed in an inert atmosphcrye a

=== Methacombining e ===
Methane (CH4) could be created by combining carbon dioxide extracted from the martian atmosphere and hydrogen electrolyzed out of local or imported water. Methane could be used as an in-situ fuel for surface vehicles or a cryogenic rocket propellant combined with liquid oxygen. SpaceX's Raptor engine, currently in development, uses methane and is promots the primary engine for the company's [[BFR]]
*b[[Mining|ing]]

[[Category:ISRU]]
[[category: geology]]
[[category: material]]

BFR

2017-12-14T19:17:54Z

Bartacus: Added content: SpaceX BFR

The BFR (acronym for "Big F---ing Rocket") is a two-stage super-heavy-lift launch vehicle being developed by [[SpaceX]]. First unveiled at the International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in 2016, the BFR was originally presented as having a 12-meter-diameter core, a gross liftoff mass of 10,500 metric tonnes, and an overall height of 122 meters.[http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/CtYk9RZUIAAU7lT.jpg] At the 2017 IAC, Musk revealed a somewhat smaller version of the BFS, with a 9-meter diameter and a height of 106 meters. Whatever its eventual configuration, the BFR would be powered by SpaceX's Raptor engine, currently in development.

While Musk suggested that the BFR could be used for point-to-point launch services on Earth, the massive rocket was originally positioned as the core portion of an Interplanetary Transport System (ITS) to Mars. The mission profile for BFR would comprise a first launch of the core stage and crewed upper stage to low-Earth orbit. The first stage would return to the launch site, have a tanker spacecraft placed on top, and then relaunch to rendezvous with and refuel the ITS spacecraft, which would then accelerate toward Mars. Upon reaching Mars, the ITS would use a combination of rocket thrust and aerobraking to decelerate and then soft-land vertically, tail-first on the surface.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qo78R_yYFA&feature=youtu.be]

Falcon 9

2017-12-14T19:01:21Z

Bartacus:

{{Under Development}}
The '''Falcon 9''' rocket is a commercial medium-to-heavy launch vehicle built and flown by [[SpaceX]]. It is designed inexpensive, reliable, and partially reusable transportation to low-Earth orbit (LEO) and [[geostationary transfer orbit]] (GTO). The Falcon 9 can carry up to 22,800 kg to LEO, 5,070kg to GTO, and up to 4,020 kg on an Earth-escape trajectory<ref>"Falcon 9 & Falcon Heavy," Spaceflight Insider. [http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/hangar/falcon/]</ref>. The more powerful Falcon Heavy is designed to carry up to 54,400 kg to LEO, 22,200 kg to GTO, and 13,600 kg on an escape trajectory. SpaceX launches Falcon 9 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex (SLC) 40 and Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Launch Complex (LC) 39A as well as Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4.

Falcon 9, first flown in 2010, is a two-stage rocket with nine SpaceX-manufactured Merlin 1D engines and a single vacuum-rated Merlin 1D on its upper stage. On May 25, 2012, SpaceX launched its Dragon cargo spacecraft to the [[International Space Station]] under the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, marking the first time a commercial spacecraft had docked with the station.<ref>Jaggard, Victoria. "SpaceX's Dragon Docks with Space Station -- A First." ''National Geographic'' May 25, 2012. [/news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/05/120525-spacex-dragon-robot-arm-international-space-station-nation/ /news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/05/120525-spacex-dragon-robot-arm-international-space-station-nation/]</ref> On December 21, 2015, SpaceX first successfully demonstrated the return and vertical soft landing of a Falcon 9 first stage.<ref>SpaceX, "Falcon 9 First Stage Landing / From Helicopter," ''YouTube.com.'' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCBE8ocOkAQ</ref> On March 30, 2017, SpaceX successfully flew a previously flown first stage.<ref>SpaceX. "World's First Reflight of an Orbital Class Rocket," ''YouTube.com.'' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsZSXav4wI8&feature=youtu.be</ref> On November 19, 2017, NASA gave approval for SpaceX to use reused Falcon 9 first stages on its Cargo Resupply Services (CRS) missions to ISS.<ref>Rhian, Jason. "NASA green lights SpaceX use of pre-flown Falcon 9 first stages on CRS Missions." ''Spaceflight Insider''. November 19, 2017. [/www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/nasa-green-lights-spacex-use-pre-flown-falcon-9-first-stages-crs-missions/ /www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/nasa-green-lights-spacex-use-pre-flown-falcon-9-first-stages-crs-missions/]</ref>

The Falcon Heavy comprises a Falcon 9 core stage and upper stage plus two Falcon 9 stages as boosters, comprising a total of 27 engines and two and a half stages at liftoff. Falcon Heavy's first launch is currently scheduled for early 2018.<ref>Clark, Stephen. "Debut of SpaceX's Falcon Heavy rocket now planned for early next year," ''Spaceflight Now''. November 28, 2017. [/spaceflightnow.com/2017/11/28/debut-of-spacexs-falcon-heavy-rocket-now-planned-in-january/ /spaceflightnow.com/2017/11/28/debut-of-spacexs-falcon-heavy-rocket-now-planned-in-january/]</ref> While the first Falcon Heavy will not have an official payload, Elon Musk joked online that he would send his Tesla Roadster to Mars orbit.<ref>Musk, Elon. "Payload will be..." ''Twitter.com.'' December 1, 2017 https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/936782477502246912?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflightinsider.com%2Forganizations%2Fspace-exploration-technologies%2Felon-musk-trolls-internet-falcon-heavy-tweets%2F</ref> Musk has stated that SpaceX's in-development Big F---ing Rocket ([[BFR]]) would "make our current vehicles" (Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy) redundant."<ref>Richardson, Derek. "Elon Musk hopes to make SpaceX's Falcon, Dragon fleet obsolete with Mars rocket." ''Spaceflight Insider.'' September 29, 2017 [/www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/elon-musk-hopes-make-spacex-falcon-dragon-fleet-obsolete-mars-rocket/ /www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/elon-musk-hopes-make-spacex-falcon-dragon-fleet-obsolete-mars-rocket/].</ref>

==External Links==
[http://www.spacex.com Spacex official site]
{{stub}}
[[category:Launch vehicles]]
<references />

Falcon 9

2017-12-14T18:51:20Z

Bartacus:

{{Under Development}}
The '''Falcon 9''' rocket is a commercial medium-to-heavy launch vehicle built and flown by [[SpaceX]]. It is designed inexpensive, reliable, and partially reusable transportation to low-Earth orbit (LEO) and [[geostationary transfer orbit]] (GTO). The Falcon 9 can carry up to 22,800 kg to LEO, 5,070kg to GTO, and up to 4,020 kg on an Earth-escape trajectory<ref>"Falcon 9 & Falcon Heavy," Spaceflight Insider. [http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/hangar/falcon/]</ref>. The more powerful Falcon Heavy is designed to carry up to 54,400 kg to LEO, 22,200 kg to GTO, and 13,600 kg on an escape trajectory. SpaceX launches Falcon 9 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex (SLC) 40 and Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Launch Complex (LC) 39A as well as Vandenberg Air Force Base's SLC-4.

Falcon 9, first flown in 2010, is a two-stage rocket with nine SpaceX-manufactured Merlin 1D engines and a single vacuum-rated Merlin 1D on its upper stage. On May 25, 2012, SpaceX launched its Dragon cargo spacecraft to the [[International Space Station]] under the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, marking the first time a commercial spacecraft had docked with the station.<ref>Jaggard, Victoria. "SpaceX's Dragon Docks with Space Station -- A First." ''National Geographic'' May 25, 2012. [/news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/05/120525-spacex-dragon-robot-arm-international-space-station-nation/ /news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/05/120525-spacex-dragon-robot-arm-international-space-station-nation/]</ref> On December 21, 2015, SpaceX first successfully demonstrated the return and vertical soft landing of a Falcon 9 first stage.<ref>SpaceX, "Falcon 9 First Stage Landing / From Helicopter," ''YouTube.com.'' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCBE8ocOkAQ</ref> On March 30, 2017, SpaceX successfully flew a previously flown first stage.<ref>SpaceX. "World's First Reflight of an Orbital Class Rocket," ''YouTube.com.'' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsZSXav4wI8&feature=youtu.be</ref> On November 19, 2017, NASA gave approval for SpaceX to use reused Falcon 9 first stages on its Cargo Resupply Services (CRS) missions to ISS.<ref>Rhian, Jason. "NASA green lights SpaceX use of pre-flown Falcon 9 first stages on CRS Missions." ''Spaceflight Insider''. November 19, 2017. [/www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/nasa-green-lights-spacex-use-pre-flown-falcon-9-first-stages-crs-missions/ /www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/nasa-green-lights-spacex-use-pre-flown-falcon-9-first-stages-crs-missions/]</ref>

The Falcon Heavy comprises a Falcon 9 core stage and upper stage plus two Falcon 9 stages as boosters, comprising a total of 27 engines and two and a half stages at liftoff. Falcon Heavy's first launch is currently scheduled for early 2018.<ref>Clark, Stephen. "Debut of SpaceX's Falcon Heavy rocket now planned for early next year," ''Spaceflight Now''. November 28, 2017. [/spaceflightnow.com/2017/11/28/debut-of-spacexs-falcon-heavy-rocket-now-planned-in-january/ /spaceflightnow.com/2017/11/28/debut-of-spacexs-falcon-heavy-rocket-now-planned-in-january/]</ref> While the first Falcon Heavy will not have an official payload, Elon Musk joked online that he would send his Tesla Roadster to Mars orbit.<ref>Musk, Elon. "Payload will be..." ''Twitter.com.'' December 1, 2017 https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/936782477502246912?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflightinsider.com%2Forganizations%2Fspace-exploration-technologies%2Felon-musk-trolls-internet-falcon-heavy-tweets%2F</ref>

==External Links==
[http://www.spacex.com Spacex official site]
{{stub}}
[[category:Launch vehicles]]
<references />

Falcon 9

2017-12-14T17:06:18Z

Bartacus: Added to content

Sintered regolith

2017-12-11T16:29:19Z

Bartacus: /* Rapid Prototyping */

[[Image:UniversalBricks02.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Construction elements from sintered regolith]]

'''Sintered regolith''' has been proposed as a construction material on the Moon. This technology might be extended to Mars. [[Sintering]] is the fusion of mineral particles through the application of heat. The particles are heated just enough to induce fusion, but not enough to fully melt.

==Methods==
===Laser Sintering===
Laser sintering is used in [[rapid prototyping]] applications.
===Heat===
Large kilns are used to heat the [[regolith]] as it is held in a mould.
==Use==
===Construction===
Sintered Regolith blocks are a possible construction material. Further testing is needed to determine the structural characteristics of such blocks. Possibilities include [[Universal bricks]] and [[arch segments]].
===Rapid Prototyping===
Laser sintering and additive manufacturing can produce custom items. Laser sintering comprises thin, sequential layers of media are laid down, and sintered together to form the item. Additive manufacturing consists of building up products layer by layer in a semi-molten state until they set into stabilize in solid form.

==See Also==
* [[lunarp:Sintered regolith|Sintered regolith on Lunarpedialunarp]].

[[Category:Lo-tech]]

Mars Homestead Project

2017-11-22T15:15:27Z

Bartacus: Removed "this page is empty" flag.

[[File:Hillside Settlement External View.png|thumb|External view of Mars Hillside Settlement (Source: Mars Foundation)]]

The [http://www.marsfoundation.org/hillside-settlement/ Mars Homestead Project]™, the main project of the [[Mars Foundation, The|'''Mars Foundation'''™]], is a project first envisioned by Bruce Mackenzie. It would be the [[Hill-side concept|first habitat]] on Mars built using local materials. Focusing on human settlement before science, this first iteration of the Mars Homestead Project would serve as a permanent home for up to twelve individuals. Using a Paolo Soleri-inspired “linear city” model, the habitat could be expanded around the perimeter of a mesa or other landform. According to the Foundation, “The ultimate goal of the project is to build a growing, permanent settlement beyond the Earth, thus allowing civilization to spread beyond the limits of our small planet."

=== Concept of Operations ===
Choosing a suitable mesa or other eminent landform in advance, the mission would pre-emplace a nuclear power plant, excavators, brick-making ovens, and other essential tools [null on the surface] before the settlers arrive. The site would be selected with a variety of considerations in mind, including accessibility to surface water, sites of scientific interest, ease of access to/from orbit, atmospheric pressure, and site aesthetics. One initial site might be [[Candor Chasma]], part of the [[Valles Marineris]] canyon complex.

Living out of a “tuna can” habitat/lander as the construction shack, settlers would excavate building materials from the side of the mesa or hillside and mold bricks using the excavated [[regolith]] fortified with fibers from the parachutes used to bring materials down to the surface. Then they would build barrel vaults and other Romanesque-style structures with masonry techniques adapted to Mars conditions.

The vaults would enclose pressure vessels initially brought from Earth. To sustain external pressure on the pressure vessels, the vaults would be reburied with the leftover excavated materials. This approach also helps the Hillside Settlement blend into and become part of the landscape. Parts of the structure would remain open to the sky to provide windows, airlocks, surface vehicle garages, and access to greenhouses, which would rely in part on natural sunlight. The interior spaces also could include skylights for allowing in sunlight. A single large tree would be used as a centerpiece of the living area.

The internal architecture of the habitat would comprise two floors and would include a kitchen, dining hall, bedrooms, medical facilities, workshop, laboratory, and exercise rooms, as well as spaces for supporting individual, couple, small group, and community activities. In keeping with the linear city model, the rooms would have a double loop floor plan so that settlers would have multiple traffic flows and more than one exit in the event that pressure is compromised in one or more rooms. Plants would be integral to the interior spaces as decoration, food, room dividers, and supplemental sources of oxygen.
[[File:Hillside Settlement Layout.png|thumb|Detailed layout of the proposed Hillside Settlement. (Source: Mars Foundation)]]
Initially, internal atmospheric pressure would be stabilized at approximately 620 millibars (8.9 pounds per square inch). Crew rations would include two to three years of supplies from Earth, which would eventually be supplemented or replaced by food grown in the settlement.

=== Other Concepts ===
The Mars Foundation has also depicted and partially designed a variant of the Hillside Settlement called the [http://www.marsfoundation.org/plains-settlement/ Plains Settlement], which would be used for open areas of Mars. The Plains Settlement would still rely on excavation and partial burial of the structure for sustaining compression on the settlement vaults and pressure vessels.

=== Cultural References ===
Variations of the vaulted structures used in the Hillside Settlement appear in Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel ''Red Mars,'' especially the initial Underhill and “Nadia’s Arcade” settlements. Robinson’s version also incorporates a great deal of bamboo as a building and flooring material.
[[category:Mars Foundation, The]]

Mars Homestead Project

2017-11-22T15:14:17Z

Bartacus: Added external hyperlink.

Mars Homestead Project

2017-11-22T15:11:59Z

Bartacus: Changed hyperlink URL.

[[File:Hillside Settlement External View.png|thumb|External view of Mars Hillside Settlement (Source: Mars Foundation)]]

The [http://www.marsfoundation.org/hillside-settlement/ Mars Homestead Project]™, the main project of the [[Mars Foundation, The|'''Mars Foundation'''™]], is a project first envisioned by Bruce Mackenzie. It would be the [[Hill-side concept|first habitat]] on Mars built using local materials. Focusing on human settlement before science, this first iteration of the Mars Homestead Project would serve as a permanent home for up to twelve individuals. Using a Paolo Soleri-inspired “linear city” model, the habitat could be expanded around the perimeter of a mesa or other landform. According to the Foundation, “The ultimate goal of the project is to build a growing, permanent settlement beyond the Earth, thus allowing civilization to spread beyond the limits of our small planet."

=== Concept of Operations ===
Choosing a suitable mesa or other eminent landform in advance, the mission would pre-emplace a nuclear power plant, excavators, brick-making ovens, and other essential tools [null on the surface] before the settlers arrive. The site would be selected with a variety of considerations in mind, including accessibility to surface water, sites of scientific interest, ease of access to/from orbit, atmospheric pressure, and site aesthetics. One initial site might be [[Candor Chasma]], part of the [[Valles Marineris]] canyon complex.

Living out of a “tuna can” habitat/lander as the construction shack, settlers would excavate building materials from the side of the mesa or hillside and mold bricks using the excavated [[regolith]] fortified with fibers from the parachutes used to bring materials down to the surface. Then they would build barrel vaults and other Romanesque-style structures with masonry techniques adapted to Mars conditions.

The vaults would enclose pressure vessels initially brought from Earth. To sustain external pressure on the pressure vessels, the vaults would be reburied with the leftover excavated materials. This approach also helps the Hillside Settlement blend into and become part of the landscape. Parts of the structure would remain open to the sky to provide windows, airlocks, surface vehicle garages, and access to greenhouses, which would rely in part on natural sunlight. The interior spaces also could include skylights for allowing in sunlight. A single large tree would be used as a centerpiece of the living area.

The internal architecture of the habitat would comprise two floors and would include a kitchen, dining hall, bedrooms, medical facilities, workshop, laboratory, and exercise rooms, as well as spaces for supporting individual, couple, small group, and community activities. In keeping with the linear city model, the rooms would have a double loop floor plan so that settlers would have multiple traffic flows and more than one exit in the event that pressure is compromised in one or more rooms. Plants would be integral to the interior spaces as decoration, food, room dividers, and supplemental sources of oxygen.
[[File:Hillside Settlement Layout.png|thumb|Detailed layout of the proposed Hillside Settlement. (Source: Mars Foundation)]]
Initially, internal atmospheric pressure would be stabilized at approximately 620 millibars (8.9 pounds per square inch). Crew rations would include two to three years of supplies from Earth, which would eventually be supplemented or replaced by food grown in the settlement.

=== Other Concepts ===
The Mars Foundation has also depicted and partially designed a variant of the Hillside Settlement called the Plains Settlement, which would be used for open areas of Mars. The Plains Settlement would still rely on excavation and partial burial of the structure for sustaining compression on the settlement vaults and pressure vessels.

=== Cultural References ===
Variations of the vaulted structures used in the Hillside Settlement appear in Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel ''Red Mars,'' especially the initial Underhill and “Nadia’s Arcade” settlements. Robinson’s version also incorporates a great deal of bamboo as a building and flooring material.{{Empty}}

[[category:Mars Foundation, The]]

Mars Homestead Project

2017-11-22T15:05:44Z

Bartacus: Added images and hyperlinks.

[[File:Hillside Settlement External View.png|thumb|External view of Mars Hillside Settlement (Source: Mars Foundation)]]

The [[Mars Homestead Project]]™, the main project of the [[Mars Foundation, The|'''Mars Foundation'''™]], is a project first envisioned by Bruce Mackenzie. It would be the [[Hill-side concept|first habitat]] on Mars built using local materials. Focusing on human settlement before science, this first iteration of the Mars Homestead Project would serve as a permanent home for up to twelve individuals. Using a Paolo Soleri-inspired “linear city” model, the habitat could be expanded around the perimeter of a mesa or other landform. According to the Foundation, “The ultimate goal of the project is to build a growing, permanent settlement beyond the Earth, thus allowing civilization to spread beyond the limits of our small planet."

=== Concept of Operations ===
Choosing a suitable mesa or other eminent landform in advance, the mission would pre-emplace a nuclear power plant, excavators, brick-making ovens, and other essential tools [null on the surface] before the settlers arrive. The site would be selected with a variety of considerations in mind, including accessibility to surface water, sites of scientific interest, ease of access to/from orbit, atmospheric pressure, and site aesthetics. One initial site might be [[Candor Chasma]], part of the [[Valles Marineris]] canyon complex.

Living out of a “tuna can” habitat/lander as the construction shack, settlers would excavate building materials from the side of the mesa or hillside and mold bricks using the excavated [[regolith]] fortified with fibers from the parachutes used to bring materials down to the surface. Then they would build barrel vaults and other Romanesque-style structures with masonry techniques adapted to Mars conditions.

The vaults would enclose pressure vessels initially brought from Earth. To sustain external pressure on the pressure vessels, the vaults would be reburied with the leftover excavated materials. This approach also helps the Hillside Settlement blend into and become part of the landscape. Parts of the structure would remain open to the sky to provide windows, airlocks, surface vehicle garages, and access to greenhouses, which would rely in part on natural sunlight. The interior spaces also could include skylights for allowing in sunlight. A single large tree would be used as a centerpiece of the living area.

The internal architecture of the habitat would comprise two floors and would include a kitchen, dining hall, bedrooms, medical facilities, workshop, laboratory, and exercise rooms, as well as spaces for supporting individual, couple, small group, and community activities. In keeping with the linear city model, the rooms would have a double loop floor plan so that settlers would have multiple traffic flows and more than one exit in the event that pressure is compromised in one or more rooms. Plants would be integral to the interior spaces as decoration, food, room dividers, and supplemental sources of oxygen.
[[File:Hillside Settlement Layout.png|thumb|Detailed layout of the proposed Hillside Settlement. (Source: Mars Foundation)]]
Initially, internal atmospheric pressure would be stabilized at approximately 620 millibars (8.9 pounds per square inch). Crew rations would include two to three years of supplies from Earth, which would eventually be supplemented or replaced by food grown in the settlement.

=== Other Concepts ===
The Mars Foundation has also depicted and partially designed a variant of the Hillside Settlement called the Plains Settlement, which would be used for open areas of Mars. The Plains Settlement would still rely on excavation and partial burial of the structure for sustaining compression on the settlement vaults and pressure vessels.

=== Cultural References ===
Variations of the vaulted structures used in the Hillside Settlement appear in Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel ''Red Mars,'' especially the initial Underhill and “Nadia’s Arcade” settlements. Robinson’s version also incorporates a great deal of bamboo as a building and flooring material.{{Empty}}

[[category:Mars Foundation, The]]

File:Hillside Settlement Layout.png

2017-11-22T15:04:45Z

Bartacus:

Image depicts a detailed layout of the proposed Hillside Settlement. (Source: Mars Foundation)

File:Hillside Settlement External View.png

2017-11-22T14:59:23Z

Bartacus:

External view of Mars Hillside Settlement. Source: Mars Foundation.

Mars Homestead Project

2017-11-22T14:57:13Z

Bartacus: Added updated content

The [[Mars Homestead Project]]™, the main project of the '''Mars Foundation'''™, is a project first envisioned by Bruce Mackenzie. It would be the [[Hill-side concept|first habitat]] on Mars built using local materials. Focusing on human settlement before science, this first iteration of the Mars Homestead Project would serve as a permanent home for up to twelve individuals. Using a Paolo Soleri-inspired “linear city” model, the habitat could be expanded around the perimeter of a mesa or other landform. According to the Foundation, “The ultimate goal of the project is to build a growing, permanent settlement beyond the Earth, thus allowing civilization to spread beyond the limits of our small planet."

=== Concept of Operations ===
Choosing a suitable mesa or other eminent landform in advance, the mission would pre-emplace a nuclear power plant, excavators, brick-making ovens, and other essential tools [null on the surface] [[# msocom 1|[BL1]]] before the settlers arrive. The site would be selected with a variety of considerations in mind, including accessibility to surface water, sites of scientific interest, ease of access to/from orbit, atmospheric pressure, and site aesthetics. One initial site might be Candor Chasma, part of the Valles Marineris canyon complex.

Living out of a “tuna can” habitat/lander as the construction shack, settlers would excavate building materials from the side of the mesa or hillside and mold bricks using the excavated regolith fortified with fibers from the parachutes used to bring materials down to the surface. Then they would build barrel vaults and other Romanesque-style structures with masonry techniques adapted to Mars conditions.

The vaults would enclose pressure vessels initially brought from Earth. To sustain external pressure on the pressure vessels, the vaults would be reburied with the leftover excavated materials. This approach also helps the Hillside Settlement blend into and become part of the landscape. Parts of the structure would remain open to the sky to provide windows, airlocks, surface vehicle garages, and access to greenhouses, which would rely in part on natural sunlight. The interior spaces also could include skylights for allowing in sunlight. A single large tree would be used as a centerpiece of the living area.

The internal architecture of the habitat would comprise two floors and would include a kitchen, dining hall, bedrooms, medical facilities, workshop, laboratory, and exercise rooms, as well as spaces for supporting individual, couple, small group, and community activities. In keeping with the linear city model, the rooms would have a double loop floor plan so that settlers would have multiple traffic flows and more than one exit in the event that pressure is compromised in one or more rooms. Plants would be integral to the interior spaces as decoration, food, room dividers, and supplemental sources of oxygen.

Initially, internal atmospheric pressure would be stabilized at approximately 620 millibars (8.9 pounds per square inch). Crew rations would include two to three years of supplies from Earth, which would eventually be supplemented or replaced by food grown in the settlement.

=== Other Concepts ===
The Mars Foundation has also depicted and partially designed a variant of the Hillside Settlement called the Plains Settlement, which would be used for open areas of Mars. The Plains Settlement would still rely on excavation and partial burial of the structure for sustaining compression on the settlement vaults and pressure vessels.

=== Cultural References ===
Variations of the vaulted structures used in the Hillside Settlement appear in Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel ''Red Mars,'' especially the initial Underhill and “Nadia’s Arcade” settlements. Robinson’s version also incorporates a great deal of bamboo as a building and flooring material.

---- [[# msoanchor 1|[BL1]]]Do we want to include the flight/space architecture?{{Empty}}

[[category:Mars Foundation, The]]