Carbon monoxide - Revision history

Michel Lamontagne: /* High temperature electrolysis */

2024-11-04T19:44:25Z

High temperature electrolysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:44, 4 November 2024
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	===High temperature electrolysis===		===High temperature electrolysis===
	Carbon monoxide can also be produced by high-temperature electrolysis of carbon dioxide with solid oxide electrolyzer cells:		Carbon monoxide can also be produced by high-temperature electrolysis of carbon dioxide ([[Carbon_dioxide_electrolysis]]) with solid oxide electrolyzer cells:

	:2 CO<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO + O<sub>2</sub>		:2 CO<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO + O<sub>2</sub>

	~~[[Carbon_dioxide_electrolysis]]~~

	==Use==		==Use==

Michel Lamontagne: /* High temperature electrolysis */

2024-11-04T19:43:54Z

High temperature electrolysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:43, 4 November 2024
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	:2 CO<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO + O<sub>2</sub>		:2 CO<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO + O<sub>2</sub>

			[[Carbon_dioxide_electrolysis]]

	==Use==		==Use==

RichardWSmith at 05:41, 13 October 2024

2024-10-13T05:41:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:41, 13 October 2024
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	'''Carbon Monoxide''' is a molecule containing one [[carbon]] atom and one [[oxygen]] atom. It is a colorless and odorless gas at room temperature.		'''Carbon Monoxide''' is a molecule containing one [[carbon]] atom and one [[oxygen]] atom. It is a colorless and odorless gas at room temperature. It is a poison.

	==Production==		==Production==

Michel Lamontagne: /* Propellant */

2024-10-03T12:57:27Z

Propellant

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:57, 3 October 2024
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	The lower energy density per unit weight of this fuel compared to liquid methane and liquid oxygen should not be a problem in Mars' low gravity unless the requirement is for a long range vehicle. A disadvantage of this fuel is that carbon monoxide is a poison. For safety reasons the engine of such a vehicle must be isolated from the passenger compartment. Repair and maintenance en route would require the driver to put on a Mars suit and exit the vehicle.		The lower energy density per unit weight of this fuel compared to liquid methane and liquid oxygen should not be a problem in Mars' low gravity unless the requirement is for a long range vehicle. A disadvantage of this fuel is that carbon monoxide is a poison. For safety reasons the engine of such a vehicle must be isolated from the passenger compartment. Repair and maintenance en route would require the driver to put on a Mars suit and exit the vehicle.

	Carbon monoxide can be used to fill rocket launching silos on Mars. This would prevent Carbon dioxide (which has a much higher freezing point) from condensing as a frost on cryogenic tanks and piping.		Carbon monoxide can be used to fill rocket launching silos on Mars. This would prevent Carbon dioxide (which has a much higher freezing point) from condensing as a frost on cryogenic tanks and piping. Nitrogen is an alternative choice.

	===[[Iron]] production===		===[[Iron]] production===
	A blast furnace is loaded with [[Iron ore\|iron ores]], usually hematite Fe2O3 or magnetite Fe3O4, together with coke . Air pre-heated to 900 °C is blown through the mixture, in sufficient amount to turn the carbon into carbon monoxide:		A blast furnace is loaded with [[Iron ore\|iron ores]], usually hematite Fe2O3 or magnetite Fe3O4, together with coke . Air pre-heated to 900 °C is blown through the mixture, in sufficient amount to turn the carbon into carbon monoxide:

Michel Lamontagne: /* Carbonyl formation */

2024-10-03T12:55:23Z

Carbonyl formation

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:55, 3 October 2024
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	===Carbonyl formation===		===Carbonyl formation===
	Carbon monoxide under heat and pressure will combine with many metals and form a [[Metal ~~Carbonyl~~]]. This may be used to refine ores, or 3D print metal parts.		Carbon monoxide under heat and pressure will combine with many metals and form a [[Metal carbonyl]]. This may be used to refine ores, or 3D print metal parts.

	==Toxicity==		==Toxicity==

RichardWSmith: /* Iron production */ Add section on forming Carbonyls, and link.

2024-09-29T21:32:52Z

Iron production: Add section on forming Carbonyls, and link.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:32, 29 September 2024
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	The direct production of carbon monoxide from atmospheric CO2 using the using the [[Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction]] might be used to smelt iron. This avoids the need for coke, that is not available on Mars.		The direct production of carbon monoxide from atmospheric CO2 using the using the [[Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction]] might be used to smelt iron. This avoids the need for coke, that is not available on Mars.

			===Carbonyl formation===
			Carbon monoxide under heat and pressure will combine with many metals and form a [[Metal Carbonyl]]. This may be used to refine ores, or 3D print metal parts.

	==Toxicity==		==Toxicity==

RichardWSmith at 04:23, 20 May 2021

2021-05-20T04:23:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:23, 20 May 2021
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	The synthesis of carbon monoxide is readily achieved using the [[Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction]].		The synthesis of carbon monoxide is readily achieved using the [[Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction]].

	CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> → CO + H<sub>2</sub>O (deltaH = +9 kcal/mole) The Hydrogen ~~must~~ be obtained from Electrolysis of water.		CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> → CO + H<sub>2</sub>O (deltaH = +9 kcal/mole) The Hydrogen will likely be obtained from Electrolysis of water.

	===High temperature electrolysis===		===High temperature electrolysis===
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	==Use==		==Use==

	Carbon monoxide is used in the [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|synthesis]] of [[hydrocarbons]]. It is also used in the manufacture of [[methanol]] and [[acetic acid]]. Carbon monoxide is also used in iron production. It may also be used to form [[Metal carbonyl]]<nowiki/>s which can refine metals and form metal parts.		Carbon monoxide is used in the [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|synthesis]] of [[hydrocarbons]]. It is also used in the manufacture of [[methanol]] and [[acetic acid]]. Carbon monoxide is also used in iron production. It may also be used to form [[Metal carbonyl]]<nowiki/>s which can refine metals and form metal parts.

	===Propellant===		===Propellant===

RichardWSmith: /* Use */ Fixed link.

2021-04-10T19:47:17Z

Use: Fixed link.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:47, 10 April 2021
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	==Use==		==Use==

	Carbon monoxide is used in the [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|synthesis]] of [[hydrocarbons]]. It is also used in the manufacture of [[methanol]] and [[acetic acid]]. Carbon monoxide is also used in iron production. It may also be used to form [[~~Carbon~~ carbonyl]] which can refine metals and form metal parts.		Carbon monoxide is used in the [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|synthesis]] of [[hydrocarbons]]. It is also used in the manufacture of [[methanol]] and [[acetic acid]]. Carbon monoxide is also used in iron production. It may also be used to form [[Metal carbonyl]]<nowiki/>s which can refine metals and form metal parts.

	===Propellant===		===Propellant===

RichardWSmith: Added link to Carbon carbonyl page.

2021-03-12T16:26:58Z

Added link to Carbon carbonyl page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 12 March 2021
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	==Use==		==Use==

	Carbon monoxide is used in the [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|synthesis]] of [[hydrocarbons]]. It is also used in the manufacture of [[methanol]] and [[acetic acid]]. Carbon monoxide is also used in iron production.		Carbon monoxide is used in the [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|synthesis]] of [[hydrocarbons]]. It is also used in the manufacture of [[methanol]] and [[acetic acid]]. Carbon monoxide is also used in iron production. It may also be used to form [[Carbon carbonyl]] which can refine metals and form metal parts.

	===Propellant===		===Propellant===

Michel Lamontagne: /* Iron production */

2020-10-05T13:20:58Z

Iron production

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:20, 5 October 2020
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	CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> → CO + H<sub>2</sub>O (deltaH = +9 kcal/mole) The Hydrogen must be obtained from Electrolysis of water.		CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> → CO + H<sub>2</sub>O (deltaH = +9 kcal/mole) The Hydrogen must be obtained from Electrolysis of water.

	=== High temperature electrolysis ===		===High temperature electrolysis===
	Carbon monoxide can also be produced by high-temperature electrolysis of carbon dioxide with solid oxide electrolyzer cells:		Carbon monoxide can also be produced by high-temperature electrolysis of carbon dioxide with solid oxide electrolyzer cells:

	: 2 CO<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO + O<sub>2</sub>		:2 CO<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO + O<sub>2</sub>

	==Use==		==Use==
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	Carbon monoxide is used in the [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|synthesis]] of [[hydrocarbons]]. It is also used in the manufacture of [[methanol]] and [[acetic acid]]. Carbon monoxide is also used in iron production.		Carbon monoxide is used in the [[hydrocarbon synthesis\|synthesis]] of [[hydrocarbons]]. It is also used in the manufacture of [[methanol]] and [[acetic acid]]. Carbon monoxide is also used in iron production.

	=== Propellant ===		===Propellant===
	Liquid carbon monoxide and liquid oxygen can be burned as a fuel producing only carbon dioxide and unreacted oxygen and carbon monoxide in the exhaust. This is especially suitable for utility vehicles on Mars because carbon monoxide and oxygen and can be readily produced from the Martian atmosphere. Carbon monoxide and oxygen can readily be produced anywhere on Mars while fuels containing hydrogen need water as a raw material which is scarce in tropical Mars.		Liquid carbon monoxide and liquid oxygen can be burned as a fuel producing only carbon dioxide and unreacted oxygen and carbon monoxide in the exhaust. This is especially suitable for utility vehicles on Mars because carbon monoxide and oxygen and can be readily produced from the Martian atmosphere. Carbon monoxide and oxygen can readily be produced anywhere on Mars while fuels containing hydrogen need water as a raw material, which may be scarce in tropical Mars.

	The lower energy density per unit weight of this fuel compared to liquid methane and liquid oxygen should not be a problem in Mars' low gravity unless the requirement is for a long range vehicle. A disadvantage of this fuel is that carbon monoxide is a poison. For safety reasons the engine of such a vehicle must be isolated from the passenger compartment. Repair and maintenance en route would require the driver to put on a Mars suit and exit the vehicle.		The lower energy density per unit weight of this fuel compared to liquid methane and liquid oxygen should not be a problem in Mars' low gravity unless the requirement is for a long range vehicle. A disadvantage of this fuel is that carbon monoxide is a poison. For safety reasons the engine of such a vehicle must be isolated from the passenger compartment. Repair and maintenance en route would require the driver to put on a Mars suit and exit the vehicle.
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	Carbon monoxide can be used to fill rocket launching silos on Mars. This would prevent Carbon dioxide (which has a much higher freezing point) from condensing as a frost on cryogenic tanks and piping.		Carbon monoxide can be used to fill rocket launching silos on Mars. This would prevent Carbon dioxide (which has a much higher freezing point) from condensing as a frost on cryogenic tanks and piping.
	===[[Iron]] production===		===[[Iron]] production===
	A blast furnace is loaded with [[Iron ore\|iron ores]], usually hematite Fe2O3 or magnetite Fe3O4, together with coke ~~(on Mars the coke would need to be produced from CO2)~~. Air pre-heated to 900 °C is blown through the mixture, in sufficient amount to turn the carbon into carbon monoxide:		A blast furnace is loaded with [[Iron ore\|iron ores]], usually hematite Fe2O3 or magnetite Fe3O4, together with coke . Air pre-heated to 900 °C is blown through the mixture, in sufficient amount to turn the carbon into carbon monoxide:

	:2 C + O<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO		:2 C + O<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO
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	:2 Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 3 C → 4 Fe + 3 CO<sub>2</sub>		:2 Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 3 C → 4 Fe + 3 CO<sub>2</sub>

			The direct production of carbon monoxide from atmospheric CO2 using the using the [[Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction]] might be used to smelt iron. This avoids the need for coke, that is not available on Mars.

	==Toxicity==		==Toxicity==