Dust collector - Revision history

Michel Lamontagne at 14:04, 7 November 2023

2023-11-07T14:04:40Z

Kee.nethery at 21:02, 16 November 2021

2021-11-16T21:02:58Z

Michel Lamontagne: /* Electrostatic dust collectors */

2020-11-25T02:24:33Z

Electrostatic dust collectors

Michel Lamontagne at 23:50, 24 November 2020

2020-11-24T23:50:05Z

Michel Lamontagne at 17:51, 5 August 2019

2019-08-05T17:51:07Z

Michel Lamontagne at 01:33, 17 July 2019

2019-07-17T01:33:40Z

Michel Lamontagne at 00:46, 17 July 2019

2019-07-17T00:46:41Z

Michel Lamontagne at 00:44, 17 July 2019

2019-07-17T00:44:41Z

Michel Lamontagne at 00:39, 17 July 2019

2019-07-17T00:39:29Z

Michel Lamontagne at 00:37, 17 July 2019

2019-07-17T00:37:57Z

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 In some cases clean [[air]] is the desired result, in others, the [[Dust storms|dust]] is the object of interest.
-Most dust collectors operate below atmospheric pressure with the fan on the clean side, after the dust separation system. In the thin martian atmosphere, the available pressure is very low, much lower than the standard operating pressure of dust collectors.  So the fan might be required to be put on the dusty side, before the filters.
+Most dust collectors operate below atmospheric pressure with the fan on the clean side, after the dust separation system. In the thin martian atmosphere, the available pressure is very low, much lower than the standard operating pressure of dust collectors.  So the fan will probably be installed on the dusty side, before the filters.
 Dust collectors are filtration systems.  For effective filtration of small particles they will often operate in cascade fashion, with a pre-filter and secondary filters.
-Prior to the first stage the air can be routed through a torturous path with baffles. The incoming air hits the baffle and dust particles presumably fall down. This wikipedia article also states that heavy particles get flung to the outside wall and slide down to the bottom. It also mentions that smaller tube diameters give a higher speed for the air, causing greater separation. And that multiple stages of centrifugal air separation tubes cleans the air that much better.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_collector</ref>
+Prior to the first stage the air can be routed through a torturous path with baffles. The incoming air hits the baffle and larger particles are removed from the air stream. Multiple stages of centrifugal air separation tubes cleans the air that much better.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_collector</ref>
 In the traditional first stage, cyclonic separation, a type of inertial separation, can remove a large fraction of the heavier particles.<ref name=":0" /> To observe how a cyclone separator works, put some dirt into a glass of water and swirl it. The dirt collects in the center of the bottom of the glass. A cyclone separator puts high speed air into a vertical tube and spins the air around the edge of the tube. The particles fall down, clean air rises out.
-HEPA grade filters can filter down to 5 microns, removing bacteria.  However they have no effect on gases, only dust and particulate matter.<ref>https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/marsdust2017/pdf/6016.pdf</ref> Filters can clog over time. A way to handle that is with paddles that knock the particles off of the filter. This company has a cyclone dust extractor with a huge paper filter for the exhaust and there is a hand crank that swirls a paddle around inside the filter to knock dust off of the filter. They claim that their 1 micron filter is viable for years. The motor on top is connected to an impeller inside the casing.<ref>https://www.baileigh.com/cyclone-dust-extractor-dc-1450c</ref>
+HEPA grade filters can filter down to 5 microns, removing bacteria.  However they have no effect on gases, only dust and particulate matter.<ref>https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/marsdust2017/pdf/6016.pdf</ref> Filters can clog over time. Mechanical shakers or pneumatic jets can be used to clear filters and knock the accumulated dust into a bin for disposal (or further use).
 Dust collectors might be used in a number of cases:
@@ Line 23: / Line 21: @@
 *Interior air filtration of settlement production facilities.
-The background (average) dust loading of Mars is estimated  at 1,8e-7 kg/m3<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/418a/88f31b87f3d615a1f6116d31a078cfde8802.pdf</ref>.  A dust collector treating 1 kg/s of martian atmosphere, about 50 m3/s, would need to remove 283 kg of dust per year.  This would be sufficient to produce the propellant for 40 Starship type vehicles.  So for a single vehicle about 7 kg per year would need to be removed from about 1,1 m3/s  (2400 cfm).
+The background (average) dust loading of Mars is estimated  at 1,8e-7 kg/m3<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/418a/88f31b87f3d615a1f6116d31a078cfde8802.pdf</ref>.  A dust collector treating 1 kg/s of martian atmosphere, about 50 m3/s, would need to remove 283 kg of dust per year.  This would be sufficient to produce the propellant for 40 Starship type vehicles.  So for a single vehicle about 7 kg of dust per year would need to be removed from an airflow of about 1,1 m3/s  (2400 cfm).
 {| class="wikitable"
 |Dust collection
@@ Line 53: / Line 51: @@
 |283.82
 |}
-These figures would go up during [[dust storms]], except for a solar powered settlement that would probably need to cut back on propellant production during storms.
+These figures would go up during [[dust storms]].  For a solar powered settlement, cutting back on propellant production during storms would means that the dust collectors would be idle anyway.
 The MEDUSA instrument<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/418a/88f31b87f3d615a1f6116d31a078cfde8802.pdf</ref>, part of ESA [[w:ExoMars|EXO Mars]] 2020 mission, is designed to measure in situ the dust conditions of the Martian atmosphere.
 ==Electrostatic dust collectors==
 An alternative to cartridges and bag filters is the use of electrostatic separators, that do not require air pressure differences to operate<ref name=":0">Chepko, Ariane, Michael Swanwick, Paul Sorensen, and Darius Modarress. "Two-Stage Dust Removal System for Mars In-Situ Resource Utilization Systems: System Sizing and Trade-offs." 48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018.</ref>.
 ==References==
 <references />

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 Dust collectors are filtration systems.  For effective filtration of small particles they will often operate in cascade fashion, with a pre-filter and secondary filters.
-In the first stage, cyclonic separation, a type of inertial separation, can remove a large fraction of the heavier particles.<ref name=":0" />
+Prior to the first stage the air can be routed through a torturous path with baffles. The incoming air hits the baffle and dust particles presumably fall down. This wikipedia article also states that heavy particles get flung to the outside wall and slide down to the bottom. It also mentions that smaller tube diameters give a higher speed for the air, causing greater separation. And that multiple stages of centrifugal air separation tubes cleans the air that much better.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_collector</ref>
-HEPA grade filters can filter down to 5 microns, removing bacteria.  However they have no effect on gases, only dust and particulate matter.<ref>https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/marsdust2017/pdf/6016.pdf</ref>
+In the traditional first stage, cyclonic separation, a type of inertial separation, can remove a large fraction of the heavier particles.<ref name=":0" /> To observe how a cyclone separator works, put some dirt into a glass of water and swirl it. The dirt collects in the center of the bottom of the glass. A cyclone separator puts high speed air into a vertical tube and spins the air around the edge of the tube. The particles fall down, clean air rises out.
-Electrostatic precipitators<ref>https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/327/1/012048/pdf</ref> might be more effective than filters in removing the fine particulates in the martian atmosphere, and are part of most process proposals.
+HEPA grade filters can filter down to 5 microns, removing bacteria.  However they have no effect on gases, only dust and particulate matter.<ref>https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/marsdust2017/pdf/6016.pdf</ref> Filters can clog over time. A way to handle that is with paddles that knock the particles off of the filter. This company has a cyclone dust extractor with a huge paper filter for the exhaust and there is a hand crank that swirls a paddle around inside the filter to knock dust off of the filter. They claim that their 1 micron filter is viable for years. The motor on top is connected to an impeller inside the casing.<ref>https://www.baileigh.com/cyclone-dust-extractor-dc-1450c</ref>
 Dust collectors might be used in a number of cases:

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 Dust collectors are filtration systems.  For effective filtration of small particles they will often operate in cascade fashion, with a pre-filter and secondary filters.
 HEPA grade filters can filter down to 5 microns, removing bacteria.  However they have no effect on gases, only dust and particulate matter.<ref>https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/marsdust2017/pdf/6016.pdf</ref>
-Electrostatic precipitators<ref>https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/327/1/012048/pdf</ref> might be more effective than filters in removing the fine particulates in the martian atmosphere, and a part of most process proposals.
+Electrostatic precipitators<ref>https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/327/1/012048/pdf</ref> might be more effective than filters in removing the fine particulates in the martian atmosphere, and are part of most process proposals.
 Dust collectors might be used in a number of cases:
@@ Line 53: / Line 55: @@
 The MEDUSA instrument<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/418a/88f31b87f3d615a1f6116d31a078cfde8802.pdf</ref>, part of ESA [[w:ExoMars|EXO Mars]] 2020 mission, is designed to measure in situ the dust conditions of the Martian atmosphere.
-== Electrostatic dust collectors ==
+==Electrostatic dust collectors==
-An alternative to cartridges and bag filters is the use of electrostatic separators, that do not require air pressure differences to operate<ref>Chepko, Ariane, Michael Swanwick, Paul Sorensen, and Darius Modarress. "Two-Stage Dust Removal System for Mars In-Situ Resource Utilization Systems: System Sizing and Trade-offs." 48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018.</ref>.
+An alternative to cartridges and bag filters is the use of electrostatic separators, that do not require air pressure differences to operate<ref name=":0">Chepko, Ariane, Michael Swanwick, Paul Sorensen, and Darius Modarress. "Two-Stage Dust Removal System for Mars In-Situ Resource Utilization Systems: System Sizing and Trade-offs." 48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018.</ref>.
 ==References==
 <references />

@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 The MEDUSA instrument<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/418a/88f31b87f3d615a1f6116d31a078cfde8802.pdf</ref>, part of ESA [[w:ExoMars|EXO Mars]] 2020 mission, is designed to measure in situ the dust conditions of the Martian atmosphere.
 ==References==
 <references />

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:Dust collector.jpg|thumb|500x500px|A highly speculative image of an array of dust collectors feeding atmospheric compressors on Mars. Sized for 50 m3/s of martian air, or about 1 kg/s.]]
-A dust collector is a device used to separate dust from air.
+A dust collector is a device used to separate dust from air in an [[atmospheric processing]] system.
-In some cases clean air is the desired result, in others, the dust is the object of interest.
+In some cases clean [[air]] is the desired result, in others, the [[Dust storms|dust]] is the object of interest.
 Most dust collectors operate below atmospheric pressure with the fan on the clean side, after the dust separation system. In the thin martian atmosphere, the available pressure is very low, much lower than the standard operating pressure of dust collectors.  So the fan might be required to be put on the dusty side, before the filters.
@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 |283.82
 |}
-These figures would go up during dust storms, except for a solar powered settlement that would probably need to cut back on propellant production during storms.
+These figures would go up during [[dust storms]], except for a solar powered settlement that would probably need to cut back on propellant production during storms.
 The MEDUSA instrument<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/418a/88f31b87f3d615a1f6116d31a078cfde8802.pdf</ref>, part of ESA [[w:ExoMars|EXO Mars]] 2020 mission, is designed to measure in situ the dust conditions of the Martian atmosphere.

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 The background (average) dust loading of Mars is estimated at 9 e-9 kg/m3<ref>https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999GL008341</ref> and at 1,8e-7 kg/m3<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/418a/88f31b87f3d615a1f6116d31a078cfde8802.pdf</ref>.
-For the latter value, a dust collector treating 1 kg/s of martian atmosphere, about 50 m3/s would need to remove 283 kg per year.  This would be sufficient to produce the propellant for 40 Starship type vehicles.  So for a single vehicle about 7 kg per year would need to be removed from about 1,1 m3/s  (2400 cfm)
+For the latter value, a dust collector treating 1 kg/s of martian atmosphere, about 50 m3/s would need to remove 283 kg per year.  This would be sufficient to produce the propellant for 40 Starship type vehicles.  So for a single vehicle about 7 kg per year would need to be removed from about 1,1 m3/s  (2400 cfm).
 {| class="wikitable"
 |Dust collection
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 |283.82
 |}
 ==References==
 <references />

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 Dust collectors might be used in a number of cases:
-* Extraction of in situ resources from the martian atmosphere.
+*Extraction of in situ resources from the martian atmosphere.
-* Cabin filtration in vehicles.
+*Cabin filtration in vehicles.
-* Airlock pump down systems.
+*Airlock pump down systems.
-* Interior air filtration of a settlement.
+*Interior air filtration of a settlement.
-* Interior air filtration of settlement production facilities.
+*Interior air filtration of settlement production facilities.
-The background (average) dust loading of Mars is estimated at 9 e-9 kg/m3<ref>https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999GL008341</ref> and at 1,8e-7<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/418a/88f31b87f3d615a1f6116d31a078cfde8802.pdf</ref>
+The background (average) dust loading of Mars is estimated at 9 e-9 kg/m3<ref>https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999GL008341</ref> and at 1,8e-7 kg/m3<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/418a/88f31b87f3d615a1f6116d31a078cfde8802.pdf</ref>.
-== References ==
+For the latter value, a dust collector treating 1 kg/s of martian atmosphere, about 50 m3/s would need to remove 283 kg per year.  This would be sufficient to produce the propellant for 40 Starship type vehicles.  So for a single vehicle about 7 kg per year would need to be removed from about 1,1 m3/s  (2400 cfm)