Elysium quadrangle - Revision history

Suitupshowup: /* Channels */ added ref

2025-03-13T19:41:08Z

Channels: added ref

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	Some landscapes in the Elysium quadrangle show strong evidence for flowing water. Channels that look like old river valleys are called Vallis in the language used for Mars.		Some landscapes in the Elysium quadrangle show strong evidence for flowing water. <ref> Carr, M. 1979. Formation of Martian Flood Features by Release of Water From Confined Aquifers. Journal of Geophysical Research. 84. 2995-3007</ref> Channels that look like old river valleys are called Vallis in the language used for Mars.

	Some valleys appear to start from grabens. Granicus Vallis and Tinjar Vallis begin at grabens that lies just to the west of Elysium Mons. The grabens may have formed because of volcanic dikes. Heat from the dikes would have melted a great deal of ice. Remember dikes are walls of rock that were once hot, liquid magma that followed cracks or faults in the rock.<ref>Christiansen, E. 1989. Lahars in the Elysium region of Mars. Geology. 17: 203-206.</ref>		Some valleys appear to start from grabens. Granicus Vallis and Tinjar Vallis begin at grabens that lies just to the west of Elysium Mons. The grabens may have formed because of volcanic dikes. Heat from the dikes would have melted a great deal of ice. Remember dikes are walls of rock that were once hot, liquid magma that followed cracks or faults in the rock.<ref>Christiansen, E. 1989. Lahars in the Elysium region of Mars. Geology. 17: 203-206.</ref>

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2025-01-24T16:18:04Z

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	[[File:Collage ~~elysium~~.jpg\|Features of Elysium quadrangle, as seen by HiRISE under under HiWish program\|600pxr\| Features of Elysium quadrangle]]		[[File:Collage Elysium quadrangle 09.jpg\|Features of Elysium quadrangle, as seen by HiRISE under under HiWish program\|600pxr\| Features of Elysium quadrangle]]

	Scenes of the Elysium quadrangle		Scenes of the Elysium quadrangle

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2025-01-24T14:01:28Z

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	Scenes of the Elysium quadrangle		Scenes of the Elysium quadrangle


			In this article, some of the best pictures from a number of spacecraft will show what the landscape looks like in this region. The origins and significance of all features will be explained as they are currently understood.

	This quadrangle was named after Elysium, a place of reward (Heaven), according to Homer in the Odyssey.<ref>Blunck, J. 1982. Mars and its Satellites. Exposition Press. Smithtown, N.Y.</ref>		This quadrangle was named after Elysium, a place of reward (Heaven), according to Homer in the Odyssey.<ref>Blunck, J. 1982. Mars and its Satellites. Exposition Press. Smithtown, N.Y.</ref>

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2025-01-20T01:14:09Z

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	"Rootless cones" are caused by explosions of lava with ground ice.<ref>Keszthelyi, L. et al. 2010. Hydrovolcanic features on Mars: Preliminary observations from the first Mars year of HiRISE. Icarus: 205, 211-229. imaging</ref> <ref>http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/June01/lavaIceMars.html</ref> <ref>Lanagan, P., A. McEwen, L. Keszthelyi, and T. Thordarson. 2001. Rootless cones on Mars indicating the presence of shallow equatorial ground ice in recent times, Geophysical Research Letters: 28, 2365-2368.</ref> <ref>https://www-sciencedirect-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0019103523000507</ref> <ref> Czechowski, L., et al. 2023. The formation of cone chains in the Chryse Planitia region on Mars and the thermodynamic aspects of this process. Icarus: Volume 396, 15 May 2023, 115473</ref> The ice melts and turns into a vapor and creates a cone or ring. These cones are found in Iceland, in places where lava covers water-saturated ground.<ref>S. Fagents1, A., P. Lanagan, R. Greeley. 2002. Rootless cones on Mars: a consequence of lava-ground ice interaction. Geological Society, Londo. Special Publications: 202, 295-317.</ref> <ref>http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/June01/lavaIceMars.</ref> <ref>Jaeger, W., L. Keszthelyi, A. McEwen, C. Dundas, P. Russell, and the HiRISE team. 2007. EARLY HiRISE OBSERVATIONS OF RING/MOUND LANDFORMS IN ATHABASCA VALLES, MARS. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII 1955.pdf.</ref>		"Rootless cones" are caused by explosions of lava with ground ice.<ref>Keszthelyi, L. et al. 2010. Hydrovolcanic features on Mars: Preliminary observations from the first Mars year of HiRISE. Icarus: 205, 211-229. imaging</ref> <ref>http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/June01/lavaIceMars.html</ref> <ref>Lanagan, P., A. McEwen, L. Keszthelyi, and T. Thordarson. 2001. Rootless cones on Mars indicating the presence of shallow equatorial ground ice in recent times, Geophysical Research Letters: 28, 2365-2368.</ref> <ref>https://www-sciencedirect-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0019103523000507</ref> <ref> Czechowski, L., et al. 2023. The formation of cone chains in the Chryse Planitia region on Mars and the thermodynamic aspects of this process. Icarus: Volume 396, 15 May 2023, 115473</ref> The ice melts and turns into a vapor and creates a cone or ring.<ref>C.W. Hamilton, T. Thordarson, S.A. Fagents
			Explosive lava-water interactions I: architecture and emplacement chronology of volcanic rootless cone groups in the 1783-1784 Laki lava flow, Iceland Bull. Volcanol., 74 (2010), pp. 449-467</ref> <ref>W.L. Jaeger, L.P. Keszthelyi, A.S. McEwen, C.M. Dundas, P.S. Russell Athabasca Valles, Mars: a lava-draped channel system
			Science, 317 (2007), pp. 1709-1711, 10.1126/science.1143315</ref> <ref>S. Thorarinsson
			The crater groups in Iceland. Bull. Volcanol., 14 (1953), pp. 3-44, 10.1007/BF02596003</ref> These cones are found in Iceland, in places where lava covers water-saturated ground.<ref>S. Fagents1, A., P. Lanagan, R. Greeley. 2002. Rootless cones on Mars: a consequence of lava-ground ice interaction. Geological Society, Londo. Special Publications: 202, 295-317.</ref> <ref>http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/June01/lavaIceMars.</ref> <ref>Jaeger, W., L. Keszthelyi, A. McEwen, C. Dundas, P. Russell, and the HiRISE team. 2007. EARLY HiRISE OBSERVATIONS OF RING/MOUND LANDFORMS IN ATHABASCA VALLES, MARS. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII 1955.pdf.</ref>

	<gallery class="center" widths="380px" heights="360px">		<gallery class="center" widths="380px" heights="360px">

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2024-12-07T16:06:09Z

added image

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	File:PIA00175-MC-15-ElysiumRegion-19980605.jpg		File:PIA00175-MC-15-ElysiumRegion-19980605.jpg
	</gallery>		</gallery>



			[[File:Collage elysium.jpg\|Features of Elysium quadrangle, as seen by HiRISE under under HiWish program\|600pxr\| Features of Elysium quadrangle]]

			Scenes of the Elysium quadrangle

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2024-12-07T16:02:11Z

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	File:PIA00175-MC-15-ElysiumRegion-19980605.jpg		File:PIA00175-MC-15-ElysiumRegion-19980605.jpg
	</gallery>		</gallery>


	This quadrangle was named after Elysium, a place of reward (Heaven), according to Homer in the Odyssey.<ref>Blunck, J. 1982. Mars and its Satellites. Exposition Press. Smithtown, N.Y.</ref>		This quadrangle was named after Elysium, a place of reward (Heaven), according to Homer in the Odyssey.<ref>Blunck, J. 1982. Mars and its Satellites. Exposition Press. Smithtown, N.Y.</ref>

Suitupshowup: /* Mesas */

2023-12-24T23:04:56Z

Mesas

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	45016 2080mesas2.jpg\|Mesa		45016 2080mesas2.jpg\|Mesa

	~~</gallery>~~		File:16 21 2117 monument valley.jpg\|Spearhead Mesa in Monument Valley Note the flat top and steep walls that are characteristic of mesas.

	[[File:~~16 21 2117 monument valley~~.jpg\|~~thumb\|400px\|center\|Spearhead Mesa~~ in Monument Valley ~~Note the flat top and steep walls that are characteristic of mesas.]]~~		File:45016 2080mesas.jpg\|Mesas, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program These are like the ones in Monument Valley

	~~[[File:45016 2080mesas.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|right\|Mesas, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program These are like the ones in Monument Valley]]~~		</gallery>

	==See Also==		==See Also==

Suitupshowup: /* Fractured ground */

2023-12-23T17:26:03Z

Fractured ground

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	Close view of fractured ground Box shows size of football field. The boulders are the size of houses.		Close view of fractured ground Box shows size of football field. The boulders are the size of houses.

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2023-12-23T17:25:13Z

Craters

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	[[File:53981 2090ringmolds.jpg \|Close view of possible ring-mold craters on floor of large crater, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program]]		[[File:53981 2090ringmolds.jpg \|Close view of possible ring-mold craters on floor of large crater, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program]]

	Close view of possible ring-mold craters on floor of large crater, as seen by HiRISE ~~under the HiWish program~~		Close view of possible ring-mold craters on floor of large crater, as seen by HiRISE

	Like nearly all of Mars, the surface of Elysium quadrangle contains numerous impact craters. The large numbers of craters are a consequence of the extreme age of most of the Martian surface. Older surfaces display more craters. Impact craters generally have a rim with ejecta around them; volcanic craters do not have a rim or ejecta deposits. As craters get larger (greater than 10 km in diameter) they usually possess a central peak.<ref>http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/stones/</ref> The peak is caused by a rebound of the crater floor following the impact.<ref>Hugh H. Kieffer\|title=Mars\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NoDvAAAAMAAJ\|accessdate=7 March 2011\|year=1992\|publisher=University of Arizona Press\|</ref> Sometimes craters will display layers. The collision that produces a crater brings rocks from deep underground. Hence, craters can show us what lies deep under the surface. Some craters are called "ring-mold" craters. They resemble ring molds used to make cakes. Some researches think they are caused by rebound from an ice layer. If this is true, they may be sources of pure ice for future colonists of Mars.		Like nearly all of Mars, the surface of Elysium quadrangle contains numerous impact craters. The large numbers of craters are a consequence of the extreme age of most of the Martian surface. Older surfaces display more craters. Impact craters generally have a rim with ejecta around them; volcanic craters do not have a rim or ejecta deposits. As craters get larger (greater than 10 km in diameter) they usually possess a central peak.<ref>http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/stones/</ref> The peak is caused by a rebound of the crater floor following the impact.<ref>Hugh H. Kieffer\|title=Mars\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NoDvAAAAMAAJ\|accessdate=7 March 2011\|year=1992\|publisher=University of Arizona Press\|</ref> Sometimes craters will display layers. The collision that produces a crater brings rocks from deep underground. Hence, craters can show us what lies deep under the surface. Some craters are called "ring-mold" craters. They resemble ring molds used to make cakes. Some researches think they are caused by rebound from an ice layer. If this is true, they may be sources of pure ice for future colonists of Mars.

Suitupshowup: /* Troughs/pit craters */

2023-12-23T17:24:24Z

Troughs/pit craters

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	[[File:ESP 057555 1820concentricfractures.jpg\|Concentric troughs, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program ]]		[[File:ESP 057555 1820concentricfractures.jpg\|Concentric troughs, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program ]]

	Concentric troughs, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program		Concentric troughs, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program

	==Craters==		==Craters==