Exobiological Illnesses - Revision history

RichardWSmith: Discussed why there are no disease organisms on Mars.

2021-05-07T00:30:23Z

Discussed why there are no disease organisms on Mars.

Michel Lamontagne at 21:23, 10 November 2020

2020-11-10T21:23:41Z

JimL: Added a link to a related report.

2019-02-15T00:02:07Z

Added a link to a related report.

Jburk at 07:35, 18 December 2018

2018-12-18T07:35:30Z

JimL: Added information from another reference.

2018-04-15T15:57:26Z

Added information from another reference.

JimL at 19:28, 18 March 2018

2018-03-18T19:28:15Z

JimL: Created page with "The risk that martian microbes exist, and could cause disease in humans, is considered to be very small Rummel JD, Race MS, Conley CA, Liskowsky DR. (2010). The..."

2018-03-18T19:26:41Z

Created page with "The risk that martian microbes exist, and could cause disease in humans, is considered to be very small <ref name=":0">Rummel JD, Race MS, Conley CA, Liskowsky DR. (2010). The..."

New page

The risk that martian microbes exist, and could cause disease in humans, is considered to be very small <ref name=":0">Rummel JD, Race MS, Conley CA, Liskowsky DR. (2010). The Integration of Planetary Protection Requirements and Medical Support on a Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3834-3841. Retrieved from http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars126.html</ref>.

Precautions to manage this risk include the following<ref name=":0" />:
<ul>
<li> rules that limit direct and indirect human contact with the martian environment, particularly when relatively warm and wet conditions are present (e.g. "airlock procedures, sample transportation and handling, and in-situ resource utilization").
<li> rules that limit where humans may travel, including use of robots to conduct initial evaluation of unexplored sites
<li> life support systems designed to prevent contamination of air and water supplies
<li> habitats designed to separate living areas from research facilities
<li> medical monitoring, including markers of immune system function
<li> monitoring of normal human microbiomes and free-living microbes inside habitats
<li> a facility for quarantine of someone who may have been infected with a martian microbe
</ul>
A related risk is the possibility that microbes carried from earth could evolve to become more pathogenic in a different environment. There is also the possibility that the human immune system could weaken in the absence of the normal scope of interactions with earth microbes, leading to infections with normally benign microbes carried from earth<ref name=":0" />.

==References==
<references />

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 The risk that Martian microbes exist, and could cause disease in humans, is considered to be very small<ref name=":0">Rummel JD, Race MS, Conley CA, Liskowsky DR. (2010). The Integration of Planetary Protection Requirements and Medical Support on a Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3834-3841. Retrieved from http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars126.html</ref><ref name=":1">Netea MG, van de Veerdonk FL, Strous M, van der Meer JWM. (2010). Infection Risk of a Human Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3846-3854. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars129.html</nowiki></ref>.  It is one of the aspects of [[Planetary protection|planetary protection]].  Other vectors for illnesses might be [[Virus|viruses]] or prions.
 Precautions to manage this risk include the following<ref name=":0" />:<ul>
 <li> rules that limit direct and indirect human contact with the martian environment, particularly when relatively warm and wet conditions are present (e.g. "airlock procedures, sample transportation and handling, and in-situ resource utilization").  A specific example would be procedures specifying how and under what circumstances space suits will be decontaminated upon return to spacecraft/habitats<ref name=":1" />.
@@ Line 14: / Line 30: @@
 A related risk is the possibility that microbes carried from earth could evolve to become more pathogenic in a different environment.  There is also the possibility that the human immune system could weaken in the absence of the normal scope of interactions with earth microbes, leading to infections with normally benign microbes carried from earth<ref name=":0" />.
-Planetary protection measures would be implemented upon completion of a Mars exploration mission to ensure that any microbes carried by astronauts, equipment, or samples cannot be transferred to the Earth environment<ref name=":0" />.  For example, Apollo astronauts were quarantined for 21 days after returning<ref name=":1" />.
+If it is considered needed, then planetary protection measures could be implemented upon completion of a Mars exploration mission to ensure that any microbes carried by astronauts, equipment, or samples cannot be transferred to the Earth environment<ref name=":0" />.  For example, Apollo astronauts were quarantined for 21 days after returning<ref name=":1" />.
 ==Further Reading==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The risk that martian microbes exist, and could cause disease in humans, is considered to be very small<ref name=":0">Rummel JD, Race MS, Conley CA, Liskowsky DR. (2010). The Integration of Planetary Protection Requirements and Medical Support on a Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3834-3841. Retrieved from http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars126.html</ref><ref name=":1">Netea MG, van de Veerdonk FL, Strous M, van der Meer JWM. (2010). Infection Risk of a Human Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3846-3854. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars129.html</nowiki></ref>.
+The risk that Martian microbes exist, and could cause disease in humans, is considered to be very small<ref name=":0">Rummel JD, Race MS, Conley CA, Liskowsky DR. (2010). The Integration of Planetary Protection Requirements and Medical Support on a Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3834-3841. Retrieved from http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars126.html</ref><ref name=":1">Netea MG, van de Veerdonk FL, Strous M, van der Meer JWM. (2010). Infection Risk of a Human Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3846-3854. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars129.html</nowiki></ref>.  It is one of the aspects of [[Planetary protection|planetary protection]].  Other vectors for illnesses might be [[Virus|viruses]] or prions.
-Precautions to manage this risk include the following<ref name=":0" />:
+Precautions to manage this risk include the following<ref name=":0" />:<ul>
 <li> rules that limit direct and indirect human contact with the martian environment, particularly when relatively warm and wet conditions are present (e.g. "airlock procedures, sample transportation and handling, and in-situ resource utilization").  A specific example would be procedures specifying how and under what circumstances space suits will be decontaminated upon return to spacecraft/habitats<ref name=":1" />.
 <li> rules that limit where humans may travel, including use of robots to conduct initial evaluation of unexplored sites
@@ Line 17: / Line 16: @@
 Planetary protection measures would be implemented upon completion of a Mars exploration mission to ensure that any microbes carried by astronauts, equipment, or samples cannot be transferred to the Earth environment<ref name=":0" />.  For example, Apollo astronauts were quarantined for 21 days after returning<ref name=":1" />.
-== Further Reading ==
+==Further Reading==
 National Research Council.  2002. ''Safe on Mars: Precursor Measurements Necessary to Support Human Operations on the Martian Surface''. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10360.

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:02, 15 February 2019
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	Planetary protection measures would be implemented upon completion of a Mars exploration mission to ensure that any microbes carried by astronauts, equipment, or samples cannot be transferred to the Earth environment<ref name=":0" />. For example, Apollo astronauts were quarantined for 21 days after returning<ref name=":1" />.		Planetary protection measures would be implemented upon completion of a Mars exploration mission to ensure that any microbes carried by astronauts, equipment, or samples cannot be transferred to the Earth environment<ref name=":0" />. For example, Apollo astronauts were quarantined for 21 days after returning<ref name=":1" />.
		+
		+	== Further Reading ==
		+	National Research Council. 2002. ''Safe on Mars: Precursor Measurements Necessary to Support Human Operations on the Martian Surface''. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10360.

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:35, 18 December 2018
Line 19:		Line 19:
	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />
		+
		+	[[Category:Health and Safety]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:28, 18 March 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	The risk that martian microbes exist, and could cause disease in humans, is considered to be very small <ref name=":0">Rummel JD, Race MS, Conley CA, Liskowsky DR. (2010). The Integration of Planetary Protection Requirements and Medical Support on a Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3834-3841. Retrieved from http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars126.html</ref>.	+	The risk that martian microbes exist, and could cause disease in humans, is considered to be very small<ref name=":0">Rummel JD, Race MS, Conley CA, Liskowsky DR. (2010). The Integration of Planetary Protection Requirements and Medical Support on a Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3834-3841. Retrieved from http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars126.html</ref>.

	Precautions to manage this risk include the following<ref name=":0" />:		Precautions to manage this risk include the following<ref name=":0" />:

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The risk that martian microbes exist, and could cause disease in humans, is considered to be very small<ref name=":0">Rummel JD, Race MS, Conley CA, Liskowsky DR. (2010). The Integration of Planetary Protection Requirements and Medical Support on a Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3834-3841. Retrieved from http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars126.html</ref>.
+The risk that martian microbes exist, and could cause disease in humans, is considered to be very small<ref name=":0">Rummel JD, Race MS, Conley CA, Liskowsky DR. (2010). The Integration of Planetary Protection Requirements and Medical Support on a Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3834-3841. Retrieved from http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars126.html</ref><ref name=":1">Netea MG, van de Veerdonk FL, Strous M, van der Meer JWM. (2010). Infection Risk of a Human Mission to Mars. Journal of Cosmology 12:3846-3854. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars129.html</nowiki></ref>.
 Precautions to manage this risk include the following<ref name=":0" />:
 <ul>
-<li> rules that limit direct and indirect human contact with the martian environment, particularly when relatively warm and wet conditions are present (e.g. "airlock procedures, sample transportation and handling, and in-situ resource utilization").
+<li> rules that limit direct and indirect human contact with the martian environment, particularly when relatively warm and wet conditions are present (e.g. "airlock procedures, sample transportation and handling, and in-situ resource utilization").  A specific example would be procedures specifying how and under what circumstances space suits will be decontaminated upon return to spacecraft/habitats<ref name=":1" />.
 <li> rules that limit where humans may travel, including use of robots to conduct initial evaluation of unexplored sites
 <li> life support systems designed to prevent contamination of air and water supplies
 <li> medical monitoring, including markers of immune system function
-<li> monitoring of normal human microbiomes and free-living microbes inside habitats
+<li> monitoring of normal human microbiomes and free-living microbes inside spacecraft/habitats
 <li> a facility for quarantine of someone who may have been infected with a martian microbe
 </ul>
 A related risk is the possibility that microbes carried from earth could evolve to become more pathogenic in a different environment.  There is also the possibility that the human immune system could weaken in the absence of the normal scope of interactions with earth microbes, leading to infections with normally benign microbes carried from earth<ref name=":0" />.
 ==References==
 <references />