Gusev Crater - Revision history

Michel Lamontagne at 02:04, 9 January 2020

2020-01-09T02:04:03Z

Jburk at 19:41, 6 May 2019

2019-05-06T19:41:41Z

Suitupandshowup: /* An ancient lake? */

2019-02-08T23:52:31Z

An ancient lake?

Suitupandshowup at 23:50, 8 February 2019

2019-02-08T23:50:21Z

Suitupandshowup at 23:49, 8 February 2019

2019-02-08T23:49:57Z

Jburk at 21:49, 17 December 2018

2018-12-17T21:49:04Z

Suitupandshowup: added category

2018-03-22T19:10:38Z

added category

Suitupandshowup: /* Spirit rover discoveries */

2018-02-21T16:10:48Z

Spirit rover discoveries

Suitupandshowup: /* Spirit rover discoveries */

2018-02-21T16:10:01Z

Spirit rover discoveries

Suitupandshowup at 16:09, 21 February 2018

2018-02-21T16:09:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:04, 9 January 2020
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		+	{{Mars atlas}}
	[[Image: MOLA spiritcontext.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|left\|MOLA map with star showing landing site for Spirit Rover]]		[[Image: MOLA spiritcontext.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|left\|MOLA map with star showing landing site for Spirit Rover]]

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 <references/>
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+[[category:Geologic Processes]]
 [[Category:Mars Atlas]]

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 The crater exhibits evidence that it once contained substantial quantities of liquid [[water]]. A channel enters the south of the crater. Known as [[Ma'adim Vallis]], this was almost certainly a means for which the crater was supplied with water. On January 9th, 2004, the [[Spirit]] rover landed in the crater and began to analyse the surrounding rock. Expecting to find overwhelming evidence of an ancient lake, mission scientists were disappointed to find very little indication of water.
-Although this was unexpected, during the trip to the [[Columbia Hills]], Spirit eventually found evidence that the area had once held a quantity of saltwater.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusev_Crater Gusev Crater on Wikipedia]</ref><ref>[http://marsrovers.nasa.gov/newsroom/pressreleases/20070521a.html NASA press release, May 21, 2007. Evidence for water in Gusev Crater]</ref>
+Although this was unexpected, during the trip to the Columbia Hills, Spirit eventually found evidence that the area had once held a quantity of saltwater.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusev_Crater Gusev Crater on Wikipedia]</ref><ref>[http://marsrovers.nasa.gov/newsroom/pressreleases/20070521a.html NASA press release, May 21, 2007. Evidence for water in Gusev Crater]</ref>
 ===References===

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:50, 8 February 2019
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−	[[Image:GusevCrater.gif\|thumb\|200px\|right\|~~image~~ of the Gusev Crater]]	+	[[Image:GusevCrater.gif\|thumb\|200px\|right\|Image of the Gusev Crater]]

	The '''Gusev Crater''' was named in 1876 after Russian astronomer Matvei Gusev (1826–1866).<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matvei_Gusev Matvey Matveyevich Gusev on Wikipedia]</ref> The crater (created by a large [[meteorite]] impact approximately 3.9 billion years ago during the Late Heavy Bombardment) is located 14.6°S and 175.4°E (184.6 W) just south of the equator. Gusev Crater is in the Aeolis quadrangle. It is 144 km (90 mi) in diameter and provided an ideal landing zone for one of the [[:category:Mars Exploration Rover Mission\|MER]] rovers, [[Spirit]]. Spirit Rover landed at 14.5718 S and 175.4785 E (184.5215 W) on January 4, 2004.		The '''Gusev Crater''' was named in 1876 after Russian astronomer Matvei Gusev (1826–1866).<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matvei_Gusev Matvey Matveyevich Gusev on Wikipedia]</ref> The crater (created by a large [[meteorite]] impact approximately 3.9 billion years ago during the Late Heavy Bombardment) is located 14.6°S and 175.4°E (184.6 W) just south of the equator. Gusev Crater is in the Aeolis quadrangle. It is 144 km (90 mi) in diameter and provided an ideal landing zone for one of the [[:category:Mars Exploration Rover Mission\|MER]] rovers, [[Spirit]]. Spirit Rover landed at 14.5718 S and 175.4785 E (184.5215 W) on January 4, 2004.

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 [[Image:GusevCrater.gif|thumb|200px|right|image of the Gusev Crater]]
-The '''Gusev Crater''' was named in 1876 after Russian astronomer Matvei Gusev (1826–1866).<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matvei_Gusev Matvey Matveyevich Gusev on Wikipedia]</ref> The crater (created by a large [[meteorite]] impact approximately 3.9 billion years ago during the [[Late Heavy Bombardment]]) is located 175.4&deg;E 14.6&deg;S, just south of the equator. Gusev Crater is in the Aeolis quadrangle.  It is 144 km (90 mi) in diameter and provided an ideal landing zone for one of the [[:category:Mars Exploration Rover Mission|MER]] rovers, [[Spirit]].  Spirit Rover  landed at 14.5718 S and 175.4785 E on January 4, 2004.
+The '''Gusev Crater''' was named in 1876 after Russian astronomer Matvei Gusev (1826–1866).<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matvei_Gusev Matvey Matveyevich Gusev on Wikipedia]</ref> The crater (created by a large [[meteorite]] impact approximately 3.9 billion years ago during the Late Heavy Bombardment) is located 14.6&deg;S and 175.4&deg;E (184.6 W) just south of the equator. Gusev Crater is in the Aeolis quadrangle.  It is 144 km (90 mi) in diameter and provided an ideal landing zone for one of the [[:category:Mars Exploration Rover Mission|MER]] rovers, [[Spirit]].  Spirit Rover  landed at 14.5718 S and 175.4785 E (184.5215 W) on January 4, 2004.
 == ''Spirit'' rover discoveries ==

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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:10, 22 March 2018
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		+	[[Category: Place Names]]
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 There is evidence that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.  Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds.  All the rocks are covered with a fine coating of dust.  One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Christensen P | year = | title = Initial Results from the Mini-TES Experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit Rover | url = | journal = Science | volume = 305 | issue = | pages = 837–842 | doi=10.1126/science.1100564 | pmid=15297667 | date=August 2004| </ref>
-The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet.  All the dust was found to be magnetic.  In addition, ''Spirit'' found the magnetism was due to the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium.  One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic.<ref>Bertelsen, P., et al.  2004.  "Magnetic Properties on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev Crater".  ''Science'': 305. 827–829</ref>  The spectra of the dust was similar to spectra of bright, low thermal inertia regions like Tharsis and Arabia that have been detected by orbiting satellites.  A thin layer of dust, maybe less than one millimeter thick covers all surfaces.<ref name="Bell, J 2008">Bell, J (ed.)  ''The Martian Surface''.  2008.  Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-86698-9}}</ref><ref>Gelbert, R. et al.  "Chemistry of Rocks and Soils in Gusev Crater from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer".  ''Science'':  305. 829-305</ref>
+The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet.  All the dust was found to be magnetic.  In addition, ''Spirit'' found the magnetism was due to the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium.  One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic.<ref>Bertelsen, P., et al.  2004.  "Magnetic Properties on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev Crater".  ''Science'': 305. 827–829</ref>  The spectra of the dust was similar to spectra of bright, low thermal inertia regions like Tharsis and Arabia that have been detected by orbiting satellites.  A thin layer of dust, maybe less than one millimeter thick covers all surfaces.<ref name="Bell, J 2008">Bell, J (ed.)  ''The Martian Surface''.  2008.  Cambridge University Press. ISBN|978-0-521-86698-9</ref> <ref>Gelbert, R. et al.  "Chemistry of Rocks and Soils in Gusev Crater from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer".  ''Science'':  305. 829-305</ref>
 [[Image: Rockgusevdiagram.jpg |thumb|200px|right|Labeled diagram showing a cross section of a typical rock from Gusev plains]]

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 Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of the local rocks.  Fairly high levels of nickel were found in some soils; probably from meteorites.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Gelbert R. ''et al.'' | year = 2006 | title = The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS): results from Gusev crater and calibration report | url = | journal = J. Geophys. Res. Planets | volume = 111 | issue = | page = }}</ref>
-There is evidence that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.  Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds.  All the rocks are covered with a fine coating of dust.  One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Christensen P | year = | title = Initial Results from the Mini-TES Experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit Rover | url = | journal = Science | volume = 305 | issue = | pages = 837–842 | doi=10.1126/science.1100564 | pmid=15297667 | date=August 2004| bibcode=2004Sci...305..837C}}</ref>
+There is evidence that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.  Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds.  All the rocks are covered with a fine coating of dust.  One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Christensen P | year = | title = Initial Results from the Mini-TES Experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit Rover | url = | journal = Science | volume = 305 | issue = | pages = 837–842 | doi=10.1126/science.1100564 | pmid=15297667 | date=August 2004| </ref>
 The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet.  All the dust was found to be magnetic.  In addition, ''Spirit'' found the magnetism was due to the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium.  One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic.<ref>Bertelsen, P., et al.  2004.  "Magnetic Properties on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev Crater".  ''Science'': 305. 827–829</ref>  The spectra of the dust was similar to spectra of bright, low thermal inertia regions like Tharsis and Arabia that have been detected by orbiting satellites.  A thin layer of dust, maybe less than one millimeter thick covers all surfaces.<ref name="Bell, J 2008">Bell, J (ed.)  ''The Martian Surface''.  2008.  Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-86698-9}}</ref><ref>Gelbert, R. et al.  "Chemistry of Rocks and Soils in Gusev Crater from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer".  ''Science'':  305. 829-305</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 21 February 2018
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	There is evidence that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water. Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds. All the rocks are covered with a fine coating of dust. One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT).<ref>{{cite journal \| author = Christensen P \| year = \| title = Initial Results from the Mini-TES Experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit Rover \| url = \| journal = Science \| volume = 305 \| issue = \| pages = 837–842 \| doi=10.1126/science.1100564 \| pmid=15297667 \| date=August 2004\| bibcode=2004Sci...305..837C}}</ref>		There is evidence that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water. Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds. All the rocks are covered with a fine coating of dust. One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT).<ref>{{cite journal \| author = Christensen P \| year = \| title = Initial Results from the Mini-TES Experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit Rover \| url = \| journal = Science \| volume = 305 \| issue = \| pages = 837–842 \| doi=10.1126/science.1100564 \| pmid=15297667 \| date=August 2004\| bibcode=2004Sci...305..837C}}</ref>
−	~~[[File:MOLA spirit.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|An overall view of MER-A ''Spirit'' landing site (denoted with a star)]]~~

	The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic. In addition, ''Spirit'' found the magnetism was due to the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium. One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic.<ref>Bertelsen, P., et al. 2004. "Magnetic Properties on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev Crater". ''Science'': 305. 827–829</ref> The spectra of the dust was similar to spectra of bright, low thermal inertia regions like Tharsis and Arabia that have been detected by orbiting satellites. A thin layer of dust, maybe less than one millimeter thick covers all surfaces.<ref name="Bell, J 2008">Bell, J (ed.) ''The Martian Surface''. 2008. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN\|978-0-521-86698-9}}</ref><ref>Gelbert, R. et al. "Chemistry of Rocks and Soils in Gusev Crater from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer". ''Science'': 305. 829-305</ref>		The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic. In addition, ''Spirit'' found the magnetism was due to the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium. One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic.<ref>Bertelsen, P., et al. 2004. "Magnetic Properties on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev Crater". ''Science'': 305. 827–829</ref> The spectra of the dust was similar to spectra of bright, low thermal inertia regions like Tharsis and Arabia that have been detected by orbiting satellites. A thin layer of dust, maybe less than one millimeter thick covers all surfaces.<ref name="Bell, J 2008">Bell, J (ed.) ''The Martian Surface''. 2008. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN\|978-0-521-86698-9}}</ref><ref>Gelbert, R. et al. "Chemistry of Rocks and Soils in Gusev Crater from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer". ''Science'': 305. 829-305</ref>