Difference between revisions of "Lakes on Mars"

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It is believed that there were hundreds of lakes on Mars—over 200 inside of craters.<ref>
 
It is believed that there were hundreds of lakes on Mars—over 200 inside of craters.<ref>
 
Fassett C. I. and Head J. W. 2008.  Icarus.  195 61</ref> <ref>Goudge T. A., Aureli K. L., Head J. W., Fassett C. I. and Mustard J. F. 2015 Icarus.  260 346</ref>  Water for the lakes came from various sources such as rainfall, runoff from surrounding land, melting of glaciers, and from groundwater [[sapping]].<ref>Benjamin D. Boatwright and James W. Head.  2021.  Planet. Sci. J.Volume 2.  Number 2. p. 52</ref> <ref>Salese F., Pondrelli M., Neeseman A., Schmidt G. and Ori G. G. 2019.  JGRE. Vol. 124.  P. 374</ref>
 
Fassett C. I. and Head J. W. 2008.  Icarus.  195 61</ref> <ref>Goudge T. A., Aureli K. L., Head J. W., Fassett C. I. and Mustard J. F. 2015 Icarus.  260 346</ref>  Water for the lakes came from various sources such as rainfall, runoff from surrounding land, melting of glaciers, and from groundwater [[sapping]].<ref>Benjamin D. Boatwright and James W. Head.  2021.  Planet. Sci. J.Volume 2.  Number 2. p. 52</ref> <ref>Salese F., Pondrelli M., Neeseman A., Schmidt G. and Ori G. G. 2019.  JGRE. Vol. 124.  P. 374</ref>
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<gallery class="center"  widths="380px" heights="360px">
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File:B17 016128 1596glaciersmarssocietywithglaciersjpg.jpg|Crater with glaciers drawn in white.  Glaciers were on walls.  When they melted, channels took the water to the center of crater, and created a lake.  The channels are now inverted.  That is they formed ridges.
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File:B17 016128 1596glaciersmarssociety.jpg|Inverted channels on a crater floor.  They run from where the glaciers were toward the center.
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</gallery>
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<gallery class="center"  widths="380px" heights="360px">
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File:J03 045825 2081sappingcraterarrowslabeled.jpg|Crater showing valleys that formed from sapping--that is the water flowed out of the ground.  Eventually, the water formed a lake.
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File:J03 045825 2081sappingcraterdelta.jpg|Red arrows show deltas that formed from water that issued from the ground in sapping valleys.  This is evidence that water came out of the ground and made a lake.
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</gallery>
  
 
One evidence for lakes is the presence of deltas in craters.  Deltas form when water flows into a quiet body of water.
 
One evidence for lakes is the presence of deltas in craters.  Deltas form when water flows into a quiet body of water.
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
Some places that are believed to have once held lakes are [[Holden Crater]], [[Jezero Crater]], [[Gale Crater]], Ritchey Crater, [[Columbus Crater]], [[Valles Marineris]],  Argyre basin, Hellas Basin, and large areas in  Eridania.
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Some places that are believed to have once held lakes are [[Holden Crater]], [[Jezero Crater]], [[Gale Crater]], [[Ritchey Crater]], [[Columbus Crater]], [[Valles Marineris]],  Argyre basin, Hellas Basin, and large areas in  Eridania.
  
 
<gallery class="center"  widths="380px" heights="360px">
 
<gallery class="center"  widths="380px" heights="360px">
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File:Martian impact crater Holden based on day THEMIS.png|Holden Crater, as seen by THEMIS
 
File:Martian impact crater Holden based on day THEMIS.png|Holden Crater, as seen by THEMIS
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== External links ==
 
== External links ==
  
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-SCOHj8u-A  Water on Mars - James Secosky - 2021 Mars Society Virtual Convention -- Tells where water was and where ice is today on Mars (34 minutes)]
  
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakes_on_Mars  Lakes on Mars]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakes_on_Mars  Lakes on Mars]
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4UiwmbrI3o Researchers discover a new type of crater lake on Mars' surface]
 
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4UiwmbrI3o Researchers discover a new type of crater lake on Mars' surface]
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWcdAvFN_q0 James Wray - The Search for Water and Life on Mars (and Beyond) (November 15, 2018)]
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*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4hCWIQsyps Mars: Ancient Water, Present Day Ice]
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bs8wTdCJ-NA What Happened To All The Water On Mars?]
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*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJk0hS4_gz4 Water on Mars and the Potential for Martian Life]
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-27kmtkrog  Advances in the Mineralogy of Mars]
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5tbrf9TNak Mars Crater Modification in the Late Noachian:]
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiT02piO40c The Geological History of Water on Mars and Astrobiological Implications (Vic Baker)]
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wI183V7evbg Seeking Signs of Ancient Life in Jezero Crater with the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover  103 minutes]

Revision as of 15:26, 2 November 2021

Mars topography (MOLA dataset) HiRes (1).jpg

Lakes on Mars Article written by Jim Secosky. Jim is a retired science teacher who has used the Hubble Space Telescope, the Mars Global Surveyor, and HiRISE.

It is believed that there were hundreds of lakes on Mars—over 200 inside of craters.[1] [2] Water for the lakes came from various sources such as rainfall, runoff from surrounding land, melting of glaciers, and from groundwater sapping.[3] [4]


One evidence for lakes is the presence of deltas in craters. Deltas form when water flows into a quiet body of water.

Images of possible deltas

Some places that are believed to have once held lakes are Holden Crater, Jezero Crater, Gale Crater, Ritchey Crater, Columbus Crater, Valles Marineris, Argyre basin, Hellas Basin, and large areas in Eridania.

View from the "Kimberley" formation on Mars taken by NASA's Curiosity rover.

                View from the "Kimberley" formation on Mars taken by NASA's Curiosity rover.  Layered rock formed under lake.



Another major form of evidence is the finding of minerals such as clays, carbonates, and sulfates. These minerals require water to be produced. These minerals were both detected from orbit and from rovers on the surface of Mars. The Curiosity Rover has been exploring Gale crater for years with very sophisticated instruments. Many of the minerals identified were hydrated which required water. Some of these hydrated minerals are actinolite, montmorillonite, saponite, jarosite, halloysite, szomolnokite and magnesite. In some places 40 vol% of the minerals were hydrous minerals. [5]

Underground Lakes Near the South Pole

Deep penetrating radar detected several possible lakes of liquid water (or brine) under the polar cap near the South Pole. It was thought that these were kept liquid by geothermal heat. However, modelling suggested that they should freeze. Currently the theory is that they are not lakes at all, but bands of clay material. Under the right amount of pressure, they would give a radar return like water.[6]

See also

References

  1. Fassett C. I. and Head J. W. 2008. Icarus. 195 61
  2. Goudge T. A., Aureli K. L., Head J. W., Fassett C. I. and Mustard J. F. 2015 Icarus. 260 346
  3. Benjamin D. Boatwright and James W. Head. 2021. Planet. Sci. J.Volume 2. Number 2. p. 52
  4. Salese F., Pondrelli M., Neeseman A., Schmidt G. and Ori G. G. 2019. JGRE. Vol. 124. P. 374
  5. Lin H.; et al. (2016). "Abundance retrieval of hydrous minerals around the Mars Science Laboratory landing site in Gale crater, Mars". Planetary and Space Science. 121: 76–82.
  6. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/buried-lakes-on-mars-may-just-be-frozen-clay/


External links