Difference between revisions of "Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter"

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The orbiting satellite is making this possible through the use of some of the most advanced optics available to modern spacecraft. The ''High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment'' (''HiRISE'') is investigating the [[geology]] of Mars to identify deposits that are a result of climatic and geologic processes. This new, high resolution approach will aid future landing sites for robotic and manned missions to the Red Planet. Current resolution capabilities can produce images of features of less than 1 meter. For high priority targets, a stereo method can be applied so features of 25 cm can be imaged.<ref>[http://marsoweb.nas.nasa.gov/HiRISE/ HiRISE homepage]</ref>
 
The orbiting satellite is making this possible through the use of some of the most advanced optics available to modern spacecraft. The ''High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment'' (''HiRISE'') is investigating the [[geology]] of Mars to identify deposits that are a result of climatic and geologic processes. This new, high resolution approach will aid future landing sites for robotic and manned missions to the Red Planet. Current resolution capabilities can produce images of features of less than 1 meter. For high priority targets, a stereo method can be applied so features of 25 cm can be imaged.<ref>[http://marsoweb.nas.nasa.gov/HiRISE/ HiRISE homepage]</ref>
  
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The Context Camera (CTX) yields images with a pixel resolution up to about 6 m. CTX is used to produce context maps for observations of HiRISE and CRISM, and to provide mosaics of large regions, monitor places for changes over time, and acquire stereo (3D) coverage of special regions and potential future landing sites.<ref name="Context Camera Investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter"/> <ref name="Present-day activity, monitoring, and documentation of gullies with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Context Camera (CTX)"/> The optics of CTX consist of a 350 mm focal length <!-- Maksutov–Cassegrain Reflector telescope with a 5,064 pixel wide line array. The instrument takes pictures 30 km wide and has sufficient  memory to store an image 160 km long.<ref name="MRO Context Imager (CTX) Instrument Description"/> The camera was built, and is operated by Malin Space Science Systems. CTX mapped 50% of Mars by February 2010.<ref name="msss"/>  
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The Context Camera (CTX) yields images with a pixel resolution up to about 6 m. CTX is used to produce context maps for observations of HiRISE and CRISM, and to provide mosaics of large regions, monitor places for changes over time, and acquire stereo (3D) coverage of special regions and potential future landing sites.<ref>Malin, M. C.; et al. (2007). "Context Camera Investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter". Journal of Geophysical Research. 112 (E05S04): 1–25. Bibcode:2007JGRE..112.5S04M. doi:10.1029/2006je002808.</ref> <ref> Harrison, Tanya N.; Malin, Michael C.; Edgett, Kenneth S. (2009). "Present-day activity, monitoring, and documentation of gullies with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Context Camera (CTX)". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. 41 (7): 267. Bibcode:2009GSAA...41..267H.</ref> The optics of CTX consist of a 350 mm focal length <!-- Maksutov–Cassegrain Reflector telescope with a 5,064 pixel wide line array. The instrument takes pictures 30 km wide and has sufficient  memory to store an image 160 km long.<ref name="MRO Context Imager (CTX) Instrument Description"/> The camera was built, and is operated by Malin Space Science Systems. CTX mapped 50% of Mars by February 2010.<ref name="msss"/>  
  
 
The ''Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars'' (''CRISM'') is primarily used to detect any evidence for past and present traces of [[water]] through the analysis of [[minerals]] and geology. In particular is the objective to help locate Martian [[natural resources|resources]] that could provide local support for eventual human exploration and colonization of Mars.<ref>[http://crism.jhuapl.edu/overview/followWater.php CRISM homepage]</ref> The most important of these is [[water]].
 
The ''Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars'' (''CRISM'') is primarily used to detect any evidence for past and present traces of [[water]] through the analysis of [[minerals]] and geology. In particular is the objective to help locate Martian [[natural resources|resources]] that could provide local support for eventual human exploration and colonization of Mars.<ref>[http://crism.jhuapl.edu/overview/followWater.php CRISM homepage]</ref> The most important of these is [[water]].

Revision as of 10:15, 23 October 2018

An artist's impression of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter above the Red Planet.


Launched on August 12, 2005 by an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) carrying HiRISE and other instruments arrived at Mars on March 10, 2006. However, it did not begin its main picture taking until November 2006. A long The NASA mission began taking data in November 2006 after completion of a long aerobreaking maneuver in the upper Mars atmosphere to place it in the desired orbit. The orbit has an inclination of 93 degrees, which means it orbits north and south in a polar orbit, as the planet turns beneath it.[1] As a result of the characteristics of its orbit, HiRISE takes pictures at about 3 p.m. local time. This time frame produces few shadows, but does avoid morning mist. To arrange for communications support during the arrival of the InSight Mars lander mission, the orbit was slightly modified on September 28, 2016 by a 75 second engine burn. [2] [3]

Science goals and instrumentation

The MRO is intended to contribute to the four main areas outlined by NASA's Mars Exploration Program.

  1. Determine whether life ever arose on Mars
  2. Characterize the climate of Mars
  3. Characterize the geology of Mars
  4. Prepare for human exploration

The orbiting satellite is making this possible through the use of some of the most advanced optics available to modern spacecraft. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) is investigating the geology of Mars to identify deposits that are a result of climatic and geologic processes. This new, high resolution approach will aid future landing sites for robotic and manned missions to the Red Planet. Current resolution capabilities can produce images of features of less than 1 meter. For high priority targets, a stereo method can be applied so features of 25 cm can be imaged.[4]

The Context Camera (CTX) yields images with a pixel resolution up to about 6 m. CTX is used to produce context maps for observations of HiRISE and CRISM, and to provide mosaics of large regions, monitor places for changes over time, and acquire stereo (3D) coverage of special regions and potential future landing sites.[5] [6] The optics of CTX consist of a 350 mm focal length

  1. ↑ Lyons, Daniel T. (August 5–8, 2002). "MARS RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER: AEROBRAKING REFERENCE TRAJECTORY" (PDF). AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 18, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
  2. ↑ NASA Mars Orbiter Preparing for Mars Lander's 2016 Arrival
  3. ↑ Mars orbiter prepares for next year's InSight lander arrival. July 29, 2015.
  4. ↑ HiRISE homepage
  5. ↑ Malin, M. C.; et al. (2007). "Context Camera Investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter". Journal of Geophysical Research. 112 (E05S04): 1–25. Bibcode:2007JGRE..112.5S04M. doi:10.1029/2006je002808.
  6. ↑ Harrison, Tanya N.; Malin, Michael C.; Edgett, Kenneth S. (2009). "Present-day activity, monitoring, and documentation of gullies with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Context Camera (CTX)". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. 41 (7): 267. Bibcode:2009GSAA...41..267H.
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