View source for Financial effort estimation

[[Image:Space2.png|thumb|300px|right|The cost to orbit]]
This page is a collection of '''Financial effort estimations'''. It covers all planning, preperations, material, transport, administration, etc.

==Systematics==
There are several stages that can be calculated separately:
*Transportation from [[Earth]] to Earth's [[orbit]]
*Transportation from Earth's orbit to [[Mars]]' orbit
*Transportation from Earth's orbit to Mars' surface
*Transportation from Earth's orbit to [[Earth's moon]]
*Transportation from Earth's moon to Mars' orbit
*Transportation from Earth's moon to Mars' surface

==Cost per kg from Earth to Low earth orbit (unmanned)== 
Small launch vehicles (less than 2300kg): <ref>[[http://www.futron.com/pdf/resource_center/white_papers/FutronLaunchCostWP.pdf Space Transportation Costs: Trends in price per pound to orbit]</ref>
*USA, Athena 2 (2065kg to LEO): $11622 per kg
*Russia, Cosmos (1500kg to LEO): $8667 per kg
*USA, Pegasus XL (443kg to LEO): $30474 per kg
*Russia, Rockot (1850kg to LEO): $7297 per kg
*Russia, Shtil (430kg to LEO): $465 per kg
*Russia, START (632kg to LEO): $11687 per kg
*USA, Taurus (1380kg to LEO) $13768 per kg

Medium launch vehicles (less than 12000kg):
*Europe, Ariane 44L (10200kg to LEO): $11029 per kg
*USA, Atlas 2AS (8618kg to LEO): $11314 per kg
*USA, Delta 2 (5144kg to LEO): $10692 per kg
*Russia, Dnepr (4400kg to LEO): $3409 per kg
*China, Long March 2C (3200kg to LEO): $7031 per kg
*China, Long March 2E (9200kg to LEO): $5435 per kg
*Russia, Soyuz (7000kg to LEO): $5357 per kg

Heavy launch vehicles (more than 12000kg):
*Europe, Ariane 5G(18000kg to LEO): $9167 per kg
*China, Long March 3B(13600kg to LEO): $4412 per kg
*Russia, Proton(19760kg to LEO): $4302 per kg
*USA, [[Space Shuttle]](28803kg to LEO): $10416 per kg
*Ukraine, Zenit 2(13740kg to LEO): $3093 per kg
*Multinational, Zenit 3SL(15876kg to LEO: $5354 per kg

==Cost per person from Earth to Earth's orbit==
Here the mass of the person with an average of 70 kg is only part of it. Additional mass is calculated for the life support systems. Rockets must be man-rated for them to be used in manned transportation to space.

*USA, Space Shuttle: A partially re-usable manned transportation system. Cost estimates range from $100 million to $1 billion per launch.
*Russia, Soyuz-TMA :A robust module in its fifth generation of Soyuz-spacecraft. Cheaper than the Space Shuttle.
*China, Shenzou: The Chinese manned spacecraft, only 2 manned flights have been launched.
*USA, SpaceX Dragon: An upcoming manned spacecraft, the first by a private corporation. Might enable cheap manned access to orbit by the SpaceX rockets using the Falcon9 rocket. Cost: $36.75 million, plus a Dragon module (cost unknown atm).
*USA, Orion spacecraft: Will be using the new Ares I rocket, and will replace the Space Shuttle.

==Cost estimations in existing publications==
*[http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4551-bush-to-announce-manned-mission-to-mars.html NewScientist 2004: ''"A human mission to Mars is expected to cost $40 billion to $80 billion."'']
*[http://www.marsdaily.com/reports/The_Appeal_Of_Mars_999.html MARS DAILY 2007: ''"U.S. experts estimate the cost of a manned mission to Mars at $500 billion. Russia believes it can place cosmonauts on the planet's surface in the next 12 years for just $14 billion, ..."'']
*Mars direct was estimated by NASA to be $55 billion

==External links==
*[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~chadjo/talks/LaunchSystems.ppt Michigan Mars Society - Launch Systems: Today and Tomorrow]

[[Category: Concepts]]
[[Category: Economics]]

==References==
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