Difference between revisions of "Syngas"
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[[Syngas]] is an industrially useful chemical mixture of [[Carbon_monoxide|CO]] and [[Hydrogen|H<sub>2</sub>]]. It is used in the production of [[methanol]], [[methane]] and other [[Hydrocarbon_synthesis|hydrocarbon synthesis]]. It can also be used to feed [[Biological_reactors#Methanotrophs|Methanotrophs]] to produce food and other industrially useful products. | [[Syngas]] is an industrially useful chemical mixture of [[Carbon_monoxide|CO]] and [[Hydrogen|H<sub>2</sub>]]. It is used in the production of [[methanol]], [[methane]] and other [[Hydrocarbon_synthesis|hydrocarbon synthesis]]. It can also be used to feed [[Biological_reactors#Methanotrophs|Methanotrophs]] to produce food and other industrially useful products. | ||
| − | == CO production == | + | ==CO production== |
CO and H<sub>2</sub> can be produced from [[methane]] and [[water]]: | CO and H<sub>2</sub> can be produced from [[methane]] and [[water]]: | ||
| + | |||
:CH<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → CO + 3 H<sub>2</sub> | :CH<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → CO + 3 H<sub>2</sub> | ||
CO can also be produced from CO<sub>2</sub> via high temperature electrolysis in a [[Atmospheric_processing|MOXIE]] or chemically using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_reaction Bosch reaction]: | CO can also be produced from CO<sub>2</sub> via high temperature electrolysis in a [[Atmospheric_processing|MOXIE]] or chemically using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_reaction Bosch reaction]: | ||
| + | |||
:CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> → H<sub>2</sub>O + CO | :CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> → H<sub>2</sub>O + CO | ||
or from the thermal decomposition of [[biomass]], [[plastic|plastics]] and other carbon containing compounds through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolysis pyrolysis]. | or from the thermal decomposition of [[biomass]], [[plastic|plastics]] and other carbon containing compounds through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolysis pyrolysis]. | ||
| − | == H<sub>2</sub> production == | + | ==H<sub>2</sub> production== |
H<sub>2</sub> can also be obtained through the catalytic splitting of [[ammonia]]: | H<sub>2</sub> can also be obtained through the catalytic splitting of [[ammonia]]: | ||
| + | |||
:2NH<sub>3</sub> → 3H<sub>2</sub> + N<sub>2</sub> (Catalyst: Na+NaNH<sub>2</sub>)<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/ja5042836</ref> | :2NH<sub>3</sub> → 3H<sub>2</sub> + N<sub>2</sub> (Catalyst: Na+NaNH<sub>2</sub>)<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/ja5042836</ref> | ||
H<sub>2</sub> can also be obtained from the splitting of [[water]]: | H<sub>2</sub> can also be obtained from the splitting of [[water]]: | ||
| + | |||
:2H<sub>2</sub>O → 2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> | :2H<sub>2</sub>O → 2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> | ||
| + | |||
Either through [[electrolysis]] or thermally through the Sulfur/Iodine cycle<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.05.013</ref>. The expanded Zinc/Sulfur/Iodine cycle<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.049</ref> produces both CO and H<sub>2</sub>, along with O<sub>2</sub>, which makes it very well suited for this process. The energy for these thermal cycles is likely to come from [[nuclear power]], utilizing a turboinductor<ref>http://www.academia.edu/download/48701931/ACT-RPR-PRO-1107-LS-NTER.pdf</ref> to convert the large amounts of lower temperature heat produced by the reactor to smaller quantities of much higher temperature heat required to run the hottest parts of the cycles. | Either through [[electrolysis]] or thermally through the Sulfur/Iodine cycle<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.05.013</ref>. The expanded Zinc/Sulfur/Iodine cycle<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.049</ref> produces both CO and H<sub>2</sub>, along with O<sub>2</sub>, which makes it very well suited for this process. The energy for these thermal cycles is likely to come from [[nuclear power]], utilizing a turboinductor<ref>http://www.academia.edu/download/48701931/ACT-RPR-PRO-1107-LS-NTER.pdf</ref> to convert the large amounts of lower temperature heat produced by the reactor to smaller quantities of much higher temperature heat required to run the hottest parts of the cycles. | ||
| − | == References == | + | ==Direct production of syngas== |
| + | Syngas can also be produced directly by co-electrolysis<ref>https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/producing-synthetic-gas-with-a-single-step-process</ref><ref>Factsheet: https://www.sunfire.de/files/sunfire/images/content/Sunfire.de%20(neu)/Sunfire-Factsheet-SynLink-SOEC-20210303.pdf</ref>. The [https://www.sunfire.de/en/syngas Sunfire] process uses solid oxide cells. The electrolyzer uses steam and CO2 as feed to produce renewable syngas in only one process step. Integration of waste heat and CO2 sources reduces electricity demand. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Uses== | ||
| + | Syngas can be used to produce a large range of hydrocarbons using the [[Fischer-Tropsch reaction|Fisher-Tropsh]] reaction. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Syngas can be used to produce [[methanol]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 05:05, 2 June 2021
Syngas is an industrially useful chemical mixture of CO and H2. It is used in the production of methanol, methane and other hydrocarbon synthesis. It can also be used to feed Methanotrophs to produce food and other industrially useful products.
CO production
CO and H2 can be produced from methane and water:
- CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2
CO can also be produced from CO2 via high temperature electrolysis in a MOXIE or chemically using the Bosch reaction:
- CO2 + H2 → H2O + CO
or from the thermal decomposition of biomass, plastics and other carbon containing compounds through pyrolysis.
H2 production
H2 can also be obtained through the catalytic splitting of ammonia:
- 2NH3 → 3H2 + N2 (Catalyst: Na+NaNH2)[1]
H2 can also be obtained from the splitting of water:
- 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
Either through electrolysis or thermally through the Sulfur/Iodine cycle[2]. The expanded Zinc/Sulfur/Iodine cycle[3] produces both CO and H2, along with O2, which makes it very well suited for this process. The energy for these thermal cycles is likely to come from nuclear power, utilizing a turboinductor[4] to convert the large amounts of lower temperature heat produced by the reactor to smaller quantities of much higher temperature heat required to run the hottest parts of the cycles.
Direct production of syngas
Syngas can also be produced directly by co-electrolysis[5][6]. The Sunfire process uses solid oxide cells. The electrolyzer uses steam and CO2 as feed to produce renewable syngas in only one process step. Integration of waste heat and CO2 sources reduces electricity demand.
Uses
Syngas can be used to produce a large range of hydrocarbons using the Fisher-Tropsh reaction.
Syngas can be used to produce methanol.
References
- ↑ https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/ja5042836
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.05.013
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.049
- ↑ http://www.academia.edu/download/48701931/ACT-RPR-PRO-1107-LS-NTER.pdf
- ↑ https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/producing-synthetic-gas-with-a-single-step-process
- ↑ Factsheet: https://www.sunfire.de/files/sunfire/images/content/Sunfire.de%20(neu)/Sunfire-Factsheet-SynLink-SOEC-20210303.pdf
