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• Uranium
  ...sotope of uranium is ²³⁵U, that is more radioactive with a half life of 7.04×10⁸ years. ²³⁵U represents 0,72% of all Ur
  2 KB (228 words) - 12:44, 4 December 2020
• Greenhouse gases
  ...ively than carbon dioxide (CO2). People have estimated that it would cost half a billion dollars per year to warm the planet with such gases. (See the [[ ==Life Generated Greenhouse Gases==
  3 KB (552 words) - 18:25, 12 August 2022
• Ultraviolet
  ...om the Sun, so while the UV light is just as powerful per photon, there is half as much light. However, as the Martian atmosphere is very thin, more UV lig == UV Light Effects On Life ==
  3 KB (448 words) - 12:04, 30 September 2022
• The Eden Project
  ...estrial example of the possible use of large ''biomes'' as greenhouses and life support for Mars colonies. ''Image credit: Jürgen Matern]] ...structural strength necessary to maintain an internal gas pressure of one half a standard atmosphere against a vacuum. There is no such requirement for t
  1 KB (230 words) - 13:48, 17 December 2018
• Cosmic radiation
  ...alf the cosmic rays that you would in deep space. (The horizon blocks out half the sky, a bit more if you are in a valley.) Cosmic rays (and their [[Seco ...c rays is impossible and futile. But habitats with a meter of water (or a half meter of soil) between people and the sky would reduce this radiation to le
  10 KB (1,660 words) - 22:07, 26 April 2024
• Potassium
  ...ope is ³⁹K. ⁴⁰K is a radioactive isotope with a half life of 1.248×10⁹ years. It's abundance can be measured remotely.
  2 KB (321 words) - 13:31, 7 May 2024
• Carbon
  Massive stars (more than about half a solar mass) are capable of burning helium in the so-called triple-alpha p ...name="LopezSchneiderDanchi">B. Lopez, J. Schneider & W.C. Danchi - '' Can Life Develop in the Expanded Habitable Zones around Red Giant Stars? '' 2005. Th
  5 KB (795 words) - 05:39, 23 June 2021
• Waste biomass recycling
  ...ants use for food production have, at best, half their mass as biomass and half their mass as food. So food production also produces similar quantities of
  5 KB (737 words) - 06:04, 7 May 2024
• LFTR
  ...items which are in-between these two extremes. Isotopes with medium half life are radioactive enough to be too dangerous to spend much time with, but the ...atinum are quite rare fission products.) Fission products have very short half lives so they are wildly, ferociously radioactive. If you touched such was
  15 KB (2,551 words) - 16:32, 3 November 2022
• Sunlight
  ...h, leaving too much UV ray and high energy particles to reach the surface. Life directly on the Martian surface is considered unlikely without additional s ...is 590 W/m3, while the Earth solar constant is 1350 W/m2. Mars gets about half the sunlight Earth does. The Martian atmosphere is dusty; the usable energ
  3 KB (506 words) - 12:24, 13 February 2023
• Crew 192 Journalism Reports
  ...y tradition when a sailor was hired for a cruise the captain would pay him half of his wages upfront and tell him to go mind his p’s and q’s…. mindin ...th festivities. In old days they would burn a wooden horse as a gesture of half way complete.
  8 KB (1,405 words) - 19:29, 7 March 2019
• Oxygen
  ...found in the [[atmosphere]] and in most [[minerals]] on [[Mars]]. Almost half of the mass of the Martian crust is Oxygen, bound up in various minerals. O =Relevance for life=
  9 KB (1,353 words) - 14:12, 27 November 2023
• Magnetosphere
  ...of radiation poisoning. The thick Earth's atmosphere completely protects life from these electrons, protons, and alpha particles. These VanAllen Belts a ...s' surface will be half of what it is in deep space (Mars' mass blocks out half the sky), but no reasonable amount of shielding (and no tiny magnetic bubbl
  8 KB (1,217 words) - 09:01, 27 May 2022
• Mars Odyssey
  ...cm is ice. In other words, one bucket of that material would contain one half bucket of ice.<ref>http://mars.jpl.gov/odyssey/newsroom/pressreleases/20020 ...st-life.html New Scientist: Chloride salts on Mars may have preserved past life]</ref> <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7302591.stm BBC: Mars is
  9 KB (1,367 words) - 16:17, 13 October 2021
• Crew 202 Sol Summaries
  ...fter sharing some of our daily routine with our guest, we went back to our life as Martians, and spent the afternoon working and cleaning the habitat. Summary Title: Half-way
  24 KB (4,065 words) - 14:56, 7 March 2019
• Thorium
  Note that Thorium has a very long half life of 14 billion years, so the majority of the thorium that existed when the E ...um 233. This immediately beta decays to protactinium 233 which has a half life of 27 days. Pa233 beta decays into U233.
  12 KB (1,933 words) - 12:08, 29 November 2022
• In-situ resource utilization
  ...rce of carbon, used for fuel production (CH4) and an essential element for life. Carbon dioxide also serves as a source of oxygen for the settlement atmos ...ction (CH4) and for the synthesis of hydrocarbons, the building blocks for life.
  11 KB (1,619 words) - 07:58, 24 February 2022
• Radiation shielding
  ...are delivery'' - J.S. Logan, in S.E. Churchill ed. ''Fundamentals of space life sciences, Volume 1'' - 1997, ISBN 0-89464-051-8 pp. 154-156.</ref>. With th Another common way of evaluating radiation shielding is to use the '''half value,''' that expresses the thickness of absorbing material which is need
  21 KB (3,128 words) - 09:07, 27 May 2022
• Crew 194
  ...n. Phillip enjoys staying fit for his adventures by training for whatever half-marathon is next on the calendar. ...n practicing in Allen, TX (just north of Dallas). While initially starting life as a computer scientist, he ultimately changed direction and went on to rec
  6 KB (925 words) - 18:40, 7 March 2019
• Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
  MRO took seven and a half months to reach Mars. Although four trajectory corrections were planned and Aerobraking began on March 30, 2006. This three-step process only needed half the fuel to reach a lower, more circular orbit with a shorter period. Durin
  11 KB (1,695 words) - 15:12, 6 September 2019
• Mars Direct
  After a year and a half on the Martian surface, the first crew returns to Earth, leaving behind the ...sity data transmission back to Earth, and plentiful energy for science and life-support. This increases safety, and the value of the time spent on Mars.
  7 KB (1,185 words) - 13:31, 29 March 2021
• Crew 197 Journalism Reports
  Engineering monitored our life supporting equipment. The marvelous HAL ...o many pieces of luggage to count in a Nissan Pathfinder for the two and a half hour drive to the station. We squeezed everything in, but as newly minted M
  7 KB (1,185 words) - 17:38, 7 March 2019
• Crew 181
  ...nside an active volcano, the exploration of an otherworldly crystal cavern half a mile below the earth’s surface, and nomads defending a volatile and vol ...the values and importance of life and I want to take part in transforming life, not just by the thoughts but by actions. Space exploration is challenging,
  9 KB (1,438 words) - 11:58, 16 March 2019
• Crew 192 Sol Summaries
  ...Crew 193 to the hab and gave them an introduction and orientation to Mars life. Look Ahead Plan: Departure and adjusting to life back on Earth.
  24 KB (3,979 words) - 19:31, 7 March 2019
• Crew 190 Journalism Reports
  ...en, it sure felt like one of the bad ones. Despite the difficulties, after half an hour of huff ‘n puff they finally reached the top, from which they cou Life in our small Martian community is passing quicker than most of us probably
  24 KB (4,209 words) - 10:26, 24 March 2019
• Mars One
  ...on would be sent before the arrival of the [[human|settlers]]. Most of the life support technology would be similar to that one on the [[ISS]]. The [[colon First there is the everyday life support.
  22 KB (3,673 words) - 11:40, 1 September 2023
• Crew 178 - Journalism Reports
  ...and make it mine. The sleeping rooms of all the crew members open up on a half circular shared living room /kitchen /workroom. In a place with so much use ...utside are the dust storms. Winds of high speed and no visibility are real life-threatening hazards. Our medium-range communication system is deficient and
  14 KB (2,427 words) - 16:41, 7 March 2019
• Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators: Advantages and Disadvantages
  ...ve stretched the operation of Voyagers 1 and 2—launched in 1977—for almost half a century. They expect the spacecrafts’ Multihundred-Watt RTGs (MHW-RTGs) ...Instead, the lander was brought back with the crew to Earth, serving as a life raft after the service module was damaged. The astronauts returned to Earth
  31 KB (4,637 words) - 13:31, 7 May 2024
• Crew 187 EVA Reports
  ...a short communication with the Hab. They decided to advance approximately half a kilometer in the direction of Cactus Road and stop. They walked almost 10 ...th in 4 ATVs, upon finding the pole 1101 trough Cow Dung road, after about half an hour of traverse, we proceeded to drive into a road that hasn’t been u
  19 KB (3,259 words) - 11:19, 24 March 2019
• Crew 175 - Journalism Reports
  ...series of tasks we never had time to do before: I checked with Xavier the life support system, helmets and walkie-talkie for future EVAs, Victoria while t ..., kept away from my eyes by the helmet and its fog made me shoot more than half of the photos blind, even if the result wasn’t that bad as I discovered a
  40 KB (7,473 words) - 17:03, 7 March 2019
• Crew 190 EVA Reports
  ...ed to go back and reach our rovers, we couldn’t find them anymore! We pass half an hour to finally find our way back to them and ride to the MDRS. It was a 9:45 – Meeting with some local Martian life
  21 KB (3,485 words) - 10:18, 24 March 2019
• Crew 203 Journalism Reports
  ...leaves you breathless, but fills you with satisfaction, pleasure, nature, life. ...rom the lethargy in which life itself can envelop you. Maybe there is more life in an arid desert than anyone could imagine.
  29 KB (5,413 words) - 13:44, 7 March 2019
• Crew 203 Sol Summaries
  Look Ahead Plan: having passed the first half of our rotation, we expect to start to finalize each project. We’ve made ...ndelli, Journalist and Photographer respectively, who came to document our life on the red planet. We had breakfast before they arrived, greeted them with
  20 KB (3,352 words) - 13:57, 7 March 2019
• InSight Mission
  ...'s vibrations would be detected. It can detect ground motion that is only half the width of a hydrogen atom. ...akes-red-planet.htm</ref> Furthermore, it lasted for almost an hour and a half.<ref> https://www.techtimes.com/articles/265793/20210924/nasa-insight-lande
  27 KB (4,155 words) - 06:44, 1 January 2024
• Crew 205 Journalism Reports
  ...t liquid water. Dave and Nathan seemed to be bighorn sheep in their former life climbing up the Martian mountains. ...on, maintain the Hab, water the GreenHab, and start the first videos about life on Mars. We also met yesterday’s goal of using only one loft tank of wate
  35 KB (6,127 words) - 15:09, 7 March 2019
• Liquid Water on Mars
  ...was misinterpreted as canals which led many people to believe intelligent life existed on Mars. Channels and canals are distinctly different. A channel ...to the data set being compiled regarding water on Mars. During the latter half of the 20th Century, the fleet of spacecraft orbiting, landing, and roving
  39 KB (6,252 words) - 13:58, 10 November 2020
• Crew 186 GreenHab Reports
  ...recommend starting by taking care of what has been left to you and at the half way point of your rotation seeding a small amount of many crops so that fut ...a reasonable temperature. This was even more challenging because only one half of the building is covered by a shade cloth. Covering or uncovering the ent
  37 KB (5,758 words) - 11:39, 24 March 2019
• Carbon Dioxide Scrubbers
  ...of the system is always removing water and CO₂ while the other half is regenerating its capability to do so. ...heric dynamics and bioregenerative technologies in a soil-based ecological life support system: Initial results from biosphere 2. ''Advances in Space Resea
  27 KB (4,031 words) - 17:46, 13 September 2019
• Crew 167 EVA Reports
  ...at we do not have a formally-trained botanist on our crew, since the plant life in Candor is so very interesting. We saw all kinds of Martian wildlife, inc Goal: Finish the Geology EVA. This is the second half of EVA #4 that was shortened due to a film crew from San Francisco Film Soc
  25 KB (3,682 words) - 18:30, 11 November 2019
• The Observational History of Mars as a Pathway for a Human Mission
  ...elopment were made through the 19th and into the 20th century. The second half of the 20th century brought technological leaps that allowed astronomers to ...g-duration spaceflight, prolonged weightlessness, the potential failure of life support systems and spacecraft can be assessed through different methods.
  64 KB (10,261 words) - 16:11, 21 December 2020
• Crew 184 - Journalist Report
  We are on Mars. It’s unbelievable, but yet so real. After half year of planning , we arrived yesterday to the habitat and it was a rush of ...re is still so much to be done before we can start our research and breath life into the plentiful projects of crew 184. Nonetheless, we spoiled ourselves
  45 KB (8,279 words) - 14:55, 27 March 2019
• Crew 186 Journalism Reports
  ...arpment to the layers of stone strata. Though their height was hardly even half that of the monolithic ridge, Sam reported that he was able to see all the ...planned EVA and have postponed it to tomorrow. Despite the storm, however, life at the habitat remains quite pleasant. The rarefied Martian wind is too ten
  20 KB (3,392 words) - 11:51, 24 March 2019
• Curiosity
  ...ruments for scientific investigation. One of the goals is to find signs of life on the Martian surface or a few centimeters below. The presence of water is a prerequisite for life. Hence, the case for life on Mars at present or at least in the past has been greatly strengthened by
  67 KB (10,016 words) - 06:21, 23 August 2023
• Crew 189 Journalism Reports
  Today is already our 10th day of mission, which means we are overpassing its half. Altogether, this pivotal day has been rather quiet. No EVA was indeed plan ...ready over, it is time to draw a first review of our experience. Our daily life has indeed suffered a dramatic change since our arrival at the station! To
  42 KB (7,599 words) - 11:44, 24 March 2019
• Crew 167 Sol Summaries
  Mission Status: Loving life on Mars and staying on top of objectives! 2. There is life out there
  40 KB (6,812 words) - 18:28, 3 December 2019
• Atmosphere
  ...cell structure is very different. Half the year, there are two cells, and half the year, there is a single cell. The behaviour changes based on the seaso ...Computer models of the storms tend to have them last longer than in real life. How the storms stop lifting dust off the surface is not well understood.
  35 KB (5,867 words) - 06:50, 15 December 2022
• Radiation
  ...quite well with fast radiation doses high enough to cause cancers later in life, but the evidence is much weaker for low level does over a long period of t ...ive. When radiation goes thru water, every 18 cm reduces the radiation by half. So a water tank 108 cm thick (6 halvings) will reduce the radiation level
  17 KB (2,579 words) - 11:11, 23 November 2022
• Crew 188 Sol Summaries
  ...orm MDRS Crew 188 and Kepler Station AMADEE-18. It was a lively chat about life on Mars as our crew ends our mission and their crew begins theirs. The conv Status: Almost half-way!
  35 KB (5,701 words) - 12:50, 30 September 2022
• Crew 186 Operations Reports
  ...Otherwise, the new crew, 187, was able to drive the ATVs around for about half an hour for practice! We filled up the tanks again, and now are running low ...rit hung in there and is now at 12h; we’re slowly increasing their battery life.
  47 KB (7,461 words) - 11:09, 24 March 2019
• Crew 172 - Journalism Reports
  ...genated, but it’s one thing to read the spec sheet and another to put your life on the line testing them in an environment you’ve never seen before. An e ...ng looks good. We sent a plan to CAPCOM that we’d be circling the hab at a half mile radius, and there’s a hill to the north that offers a good vantage p
  67 KB (11,872 words) - 17:56, 7 March 2019
• Crew 187 Journalism Reports
  ...do not even want to think about the end, tomorrow and the farewell, in my life on Earth without their laugh, jokes and presence. Happy last day as Martian ...y rivers, with trees that look like years ago they lost their last drop of life trapped in two rocky walls that force to look up to reach its shore.
  34 KB (6,107 words) - 11:49, 24 March 2019
• Crew 202 Journalism Reports
  ...together by a common alma mater. Each crew member from a different walk of life, a wide variety of backgrounds, and unique research goals. After two weeks ...long-term impact on decision making, which could be the difference between life and death in deep space exploration. I was always told stress is bad for yo
  53 KB (9,350 words) - 14:35, 7 March 2019
• Crew 200 Mission Summary
  ...deals, protecting the immune systems of space explorers, and understanding life in the universe from broader contexts. Results: The only sample to show possible evidence of microbial life was Sample 4 (purple soil). The homemade microscope did not produce enough
  42 KB (6,606 words) - 16:56, 7 March 2019
• Crew 188 Journalism Reports
  ...ntended outcomes informed an adaptation of Maslow’s human needs for future life on Mars, numerous operational recommendations and feedback documents, a ran ...ok time out from our professional lives to come to MDRS to live day-to-day life as early Mars settlers. We navigated the terrain of the desert analogue env
  60 KB (8,997 words) - 11:47, 24 March 2019
• Geological processes that have shaped Mars: Why Mars looks like it does
  ...d an ocean. Indeed, it may have been warm enough from carbon dioxide for life to first originate on Mars and then travel to the Earth on meteorites. Tod ...we know that that it is being exposed by erosion. Impacts do not produce half holes!
  75 KB (11,585 words) - 04:00, 24 January 2024
• Crew 188 EVA Reports
  ...in others the blades were permanently bent. The LEDS still light up, and (half the air) air still flow s through both tubes, so this design flaw was not f ...f exploring the range of movement and performance expression with the MDRS life support suits in this analogue terrain.
  35 KB (5,647 words) - 11:15, 24 March 2019
• Thaumasia quadrangle
  ...s; hence, some craters may be prime targets for the search for evidence of life on the Red Planet.<ref>Newsom H., Hagerty J., Thorsos I. 2001. Location an In the nearly half century of studying the Red Planet with orbiting satellites, much evidence
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:00, 23 December 2023
• Oceans on Mars
  ...> http://astrobiology.com/2016/05/ancient-tsunami-evidence-on-mars-reveals-life-potential.html </ref> <ref>Rodriguez, J.; et al. 2016. "Tsunami waves exte ...e Olympus Mons reached its final size; hence, the ocean may have been only half as deep as thought.
  49 KB (7,482 words) - 13:10, 27 December 2023
• Crew 1b - Crew Reports
  ...gear, and seismic sensors. We will put into operation a closed ecological life support system and determine not only whether such a unit works well from a ...the trash and construction debris. We broke sim as a group as spent about half an hour to take care of that task. The construction depot looks much better
  190 KB (31,918 words) - 09:28, 12 October 2019
• Crew 3 - Crew Reports
  ...s the presence of a green region is not an accurate indicator of microbial life. Contrary to my expectations, the microbes did not grow in a high salt medi ...red to be some form of precipitate or salt, rather than a distinct form of life. It is possible that the ‘Green’ element causes the differential behavi
  157 KB (25,890 words) - 15:59, 5 November 2019
• Crew 6 - Crew Reports
  ...l trays (approximately 80-100 lbs/36-45 kgs) of excrement, and it is still half full. ...ontinues to fascinate us with stories of ISS. She is amazed at how similar life at MDRS is to ISS. She has observed that we have developed a scapegoating m
  118 KB (20,168 words) - 17:24, 16 March 2020
• Crew 2 - Crew Reports
  ...f the slopes and cliffs they had seen, while Jon talked about what kind of life might be living in the cliff-side water source they had found. We parked the ATVs and continued on foot during the last half of the EVA. Some large carnivore tracks were discovered, most likely dogs o
  173 KB (29,116 words) - 08:06, 29 October 2019
• Crew 4 - Crew Reports
  ...professor of biology from San Diego, California. Recognizing that no plant life is ...Mars, she has shifted her research from plant breeding systems to finding life in
  287 KB (46,756 words) - 18:19, 19 December 2019
• Crew 5 - Crew Reports
  '''1630-1700''' Half-hour moment to catch our breaths and debrief. This was unscheduled but nece Life on Mars Can Be Brutal
  255 KB (43,372 words) - 17:24, 16 March 2020
• Crew 1a - Crew Reports
  ...and maintain their equipment, and handle the reportage and chores of daily life. ...t humans will need to do on Mars. We will operate a closed-loop ecological life support system to recycle the water of the station, and we will see not onl
  127 KB (20,888 words) - 21:33, 4 October 2019