Difference between revisions of "Hydrocarbons"
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Liquid hydrocarbons can be used for [[energy storage]]. Accumulated in large tanks, they can be oxidized on demand. | Liquid hydrocarbons can be used for [[energy storage]]. Accumulated in large tanks, they can be oxidized on demand. | ||
| − | == Hydrocarbon Molecules == | + | ==Hydrocarbon Molecules== |
===Alkanes=== | ===Alkanes=== | ||
'''[[Alkanes]]''' are non-cyclical hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms. | '''[[Alkanes]]''' are non-cyclical hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms. | ||
| + | |||
*[[Methane]] CH<sub>4</sub> | *[[Methane]] CH<sub>4</sub> | ||
*[[Ethane]] C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> | *[[Ethane]] C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> | ||
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*[[Pentane]], [[Isopentane]], & [[Neopentane]] C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub> | *[[Pentane]], [[Isopentane]], & [[Neopentane]] C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub> | ||
| − | + | ===Cycloalkanes=== | |
| + | '''[[Cycloalkanes]]''' are cyclical hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Cyclopropane C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> | ||
===Alkenes=== | ===Alkenes=== | ||
'''[[Alkenes]]''' are hydrocarbons containing at least one double carbon bond. | '''[[Alkenes]]''' are hydrocarbons containing at least one double carbon bond. | ||
| + | |||
*[[Ethylene]] C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> | *[[Ethylene]] C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Alkynes=== | ||
| + | '''[[Alkynes]]''', also called '''acetylenes''', are hydrocarbons containing at least one triple carbon bond. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Ethyne]] (<math>C_2H_2</math>) is the simplest possible alkyne. | ||
===Alcohols=== | ===Alcohols=== | ||
Alcohols are hydrocarbons containing a hydroxyl functional group (OH). They are liquid and, therefore, can be stored easily without high pressure or low temperature. Alcohols can be used as fuel, producing heat when oxidized, with [[water]] and [[carbon dioxide]] as reaction products. | Alcohols are hydrocarbons containing a hydroxyl functional group (OH). They are liquid and, therefore, can be stored easily without high pressure or low temperature. Alcohols can be used as fuel, producing heat when oxidized, with [[water]] and [[carbon dioxide]] as reaction products. | ||
| + | |||
*[[Methanol]] | *[[Methanol]] | ||
*[[Ethanol]] | *[[Ethanol]] | ||
| − | == Synthesis == | + | ==Synthesis== |
| − | Hydrocarbons are | + | Hydrocarbons are the main subject of organic chemistry. They can be [[Hydrocarbon synthesis|produced artificially]] through chemical reactions of through biological processes. |
| − | [[ | + | [[Category:Materials]] |
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{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 08:18, 27 May 2019
Hydrocarbons are a class of molecules comprised of carbon and hydrogen. They can range in size from one carbon atom with four hydrogen atoms (methane) to long chains and rings.
Contents
Significance for a Martian colony
The manufacturing of hydrocarbons is inevitable for a colony on Mars. As an intermediate product they are a resource to manufacture a great variety of vital products that are made from synthetic materials, such as space suits, gaskets, etc.
Liquid hydrocarbons can be used for energy storage. Accumulated in large tanks, they can be oxidized on demand.
Hydrocarbon Molecules
Alkanes
Alkanes are non-cyclical hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms.
- Methane CH4
- Ethane C2H6
- Propane C3H8
- Butane & Isobutane C4H10
- Pentane, Isopentane, & Neopentane C5H12
Cycloalkanes
Cycloalkanes are cyclical hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms.
- Cyclopropane C3H6
Alkenes
Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing at least one double carbon bond.
- Ethylene C2H4
Alkynes
Alkynes, also called acetylenes, are hydrocarbons containing at least one triple carbon bond.
- Ethyne () is the simplest possible alkyne.
Alcohols
Alcohols are hydrocarbons containing a hydroxyl functional group (OH). They are liquid and, therefore, can be stored easily without high pressure or low temperature. Alcohols can be used as fuel, producing heat when oxidized, with water and carbon dioxide as reaction products.
Synthesis
Hydrocarbons are the main subject of organic chemistry. They can be produced artificially through chemical reactions of through biological processes.
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