Difference between revisions of "Create a settlement"

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[[Category:Settlement Plans]]
 
[[Category:Settlement Plans]]
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This page shows a typical early [[settlement]] for about 25-30 people and includes links to Marspedia pages about the various [[settlement facilities]] and their characteristics.  If you want to design your own Mars facility, this is a good place to start!  The tiles used to build this image of a settlement measure 9m x 9m and are mostly to scale.
+
[[Category:Education‎]]
 +
[[Category:Mars Human Settlement]]
 +
This page shows a typical early [[settlement]] for about 24 people and includes links to Marspedia pages about the various [[settlement facilities]] and their characteristics.  If you want to design your own Mars facility, this is a good place to start!  The tiles used to build this image of a settlement measure 9m x 9m and are mostly to scale.  The design parameters for the settlement are in the table at the bottom of the page.
  
 
__NOTOC__
 
__NOTOC__
 +
 
==Facilities==
 
==Facilities==
 
<imagemap>
 
<imagemap>
−
File:Settlement_plan.jpg|alt=|right|frameless|750x750px
+
File:Settlement_plan.jpg|thumb|right|alt=|750x750px|Early Mars settlement. Clicking one of the buildings links you to a Marspedia page about the facility.
−
rect 1200 50 1300 150 [[Storage]]
+
rect 1150 50 1250 150 [[Storage|Water storage]]
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rect 880 150 1200 475 [[Habitat]]
+
rect 620 150 720 250 [[Health care]]
 +
rect 720 150 820 700 [[Habitat]]
 +
rect 520 250 720 350 [[Research]]
 +
rect 820 150 1150 480 [[Habitat]]
 +
rect 1580 475 1900 1110 [[Storage|Lay down area]]
 +
rect 1580 1110 1700 1450 [[Storage|Raw materials storage]]
 +
rect 1250 1110 1380 1450 [[Storage|Propellant and gas storage]]
 +
rect 300 460 720 680 [[Greenhouse]]
 +
rect 930 475 1260 800 [[Public services]]
 +
rect 200 780 820 1100 [[Photovoltaics]]
 +
rect 200 1200 300 1300 [[Photovoltaics]]
 +
rect 820 900 930 1000 [[Electricity]]
 +
rect 720 1450 1050 1750 [[Transportation|Spaceport]]
 +
rect 450 1500 700 1750 [[Nuclear power]]
 +
rect 1900 1450 2200 1750[[Mining|Mining]]
 +
rect 1800 1660 1900 1750 [[Nuclear power]]
 +
rect 1790 1330 1900 1530 [[Photovoltaics]]
 +
rect 930 1000 1260 1450 [[Production]]
 +
rect 1360 590 1460 800 [[Maintenance]]
  
 
</imagemap>
 
</imagemap>
  
 
===Storage===
 
===Storage===
−
[[File:Gas storage tile.JPG|left|75x75px|alt=|frameless]]
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[[File:Gas storage tile.JPG|left|75x75px|alt=|frameless|link=Storage]]
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At the top of the colony plan you find a water [[storage]] tank, that feeds a [[Water Infrastructure|water treatment]] facility.  [[Storage]] is also provides for other resources, such as gases or minerals like silica sand, iron ore and calcium carbonate.  
+
At the top of the settlement plan you find a water [[storage]] tank, that feeds a [[Water Infrastructure|water treatment]] facility.  [[Storage]] is also provides for other resources, such as gases or minerals like silica sand, iron ore and calcium carbonate.
 +
 
 +
Solar energy can be backed up by chemical energy stored in the rocket propellant produced by the settlement.  Short term back up would probably be provided by batteries, while longer term back up in the event of a large dust storm could come from an electrical generator with a methane powered motor. 
  
−
===Lodging===
+
===Housing, Lodging circulation and offices===
−
[[File:Housing tile.JPG|left|frameless|60x60px]]
+
[[File:Housing tile.JPG|left|40x40px|link=Housing]]Illustrated here are three buried [[Inflatable habitat|inflatable habitats,]] that serve for [[housing]], [[lodging]] and [[Offices|office]] space.  They are connected by circulation corridors with multiple connection points. Area of 40 m2 per person.  [[Life support]] would be distributed between the habitats.
−
Illustrated are three connecting modules link to buried [[Habitat|habitats]], using martian regolith for radiation protection.  The total habitable surface is about 960 m<sup>2</sup> over 2 floors, lodging 20 to 30 people.
 
  
 
===Infirmary===
 
===Infirmary===
−
[[File:Medical center tile.JPG|left|26x26px|alt=|frameless]]
+
[[File:Medical center tile.JPG|left|26x26px|alt=|frameless|link=Health Care]]
 
An infirmary type [[Health Care|health facility]] is provided near the habitats.
 
An infirmary type [[Health Care|health facility]] is provided near the habitats.
  
 
===Lab===
 
===Lab===
−
[[File:Lab tile.JPG|left|frameless|40x40px|alt=]]
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[[File:Lab tile.JPG|left|frameless|40x40px|alt=|link=Research]]
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Research facilities will house a large part of the settlement's early activities.
+
[[Research]] facilities will house a large part of the settlement's early activities.
  
 
===Greenhouses===
 
===Greenhouses===
−
[[File:Greenhouse tile.JPG|left|frameless|40x40px|alt=]]<nowiki/>
+
[[File:Greenhouse tile.JPG|left|frameless|40x40px|alt=|link=Greenhouse]]Four [[greenhouse]]<nowiki/>s produce food, but also do some [[atmospheric processing]].  With a total growing area of about 1400m<sup>2</sup>, extra artificial lighting and year long production at a rate of 3 to 6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, the greenhouses could produce 4 to 8 tonnes of food per year, or up to one third of the food needed per year for the colony.  The rest of the food would come from Earth.
−
Four [[greenhouse]]<nowiki/>s produce food, but also do some [[atmospheric processing]].  With a total growing area of about 1400m<sup>2</sup>, extra artificial lighting and year long production at a rate of 3 to 6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, the greenhouses could produce 4 to 8 tonnes of food per year, or up to one third of the food needed per year for the colony.  The rest would come from Earth.
+
 
 
===Public spaces===
 
===Public spaces===
−
[[File:Dome tile.jpg|frameless|50x50px]]A large [[dome]] 26m in diameter serves as a public space as do all the connecting nodes between the modules.
+
[[File:Dome tile.jpg|frameless|50x50px|link=Public services]]A large [[dome]], 26m in diameter, serves as a public space as do all the connecting/circulation nodes between the modules.
 +
 
 
===Power===
 
===Power===
−
[[File:Power station tile.JPG|left|frameless|25x25px]]Solar and nuclear power need to be routed through [[Electricity|power distribution systems]], that may include battery storage in the case of solar power.  Transformers, power electronics and rectifiers are also expected to be included in these systems.
+
[[File:Power station tile.JPG|left|frameless|25x25px|Electricity]]
 +
Solar and nuclear power need to be routed through [[Electricity|power distribution systems]], that will include battery storage in the case of solar power.  Transformers, power electronics and rectifiers are also expected to be included in these systems.
  
 
====Solar====
 
====Solar====
−
[[File:Solar cell tile.JPG|left|frameless|25x25px|alt=]]
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[[File:Solar cell tile.JPG|left|frameless|25x25px|alt=|link=Photovoltaics]]
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Power is provided by [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]] power arrays.  Each illustrated 8x8m array can produce 40 kWh of energy per day and a peak power of 11 kW.  This is enough power for the settlement, but more power would be required for propellant production.  To fuel a single starship would require about 9 000 000 kWh of energy, the entire output of 300 tiles for two years.     
+
Power is provided by [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]] power arrays.  Each illustrated 8x8m array can produce 40 kWh of energy per day and a peak power of 11 kW.  The 18 arrays shown provide 180 kW; this is enough power for the settlement, but more power would be required for propellant production and intensive, rather than experimental, food production.  To fuel a single starship would require about 9 000 000 kWh of energy, the entire output of 300 tiles for two years.     
−
[[File:Solar angled tile.JPG|left|frameless|26x26px]]
+
[[File:Solar angled tile.JPG|left|frameless|25x25px|link=Photovoltaics]]
−
Tracking solar arrays offer the same peak power but provide more energy.  If the structure is manufactured on Mars, the overall cost may be reduced compared to fixed arrays.  These arrays produce 60 kWh of energy per day, reducing the number of arrays required by 40% to 200.   
+
Tracking solar arrays offer the same peak power but provide more energy.  If the structure is manufactured on Mars, the overall cost may be reduced compared to fixed arrays.  These arrays produce up to 60 kWh of energy per day, reducing the number of arrays required by 40% to 200.
−
 
 
−
====Wind====
 
−
Wind power provides less power per kg of equipment, but might serve during dust storms, as the winds are higher during storms.  They might then complement solar nicely.
 
  
 
====Nuclear====
 
====Nuclear====
−
[[File:Reactor tile.JPG|left|frameless|25x25px]]
+
[[File:Reactor tile.JPG|left|frameless|25x25px|link=Nuclear power]]
−
Down to the lower right a [[Nuclear power|nuclear reactor]] provides power during the night of if a [[Dust storms|dust storm]] blocks the light for the photovoltaics.  The Kilopower reactor can provide 10 kW  of power, or 240 kWh of electrical energy per day continuously for 10 years or more.  it rejects about 30 kW of heat.
+
Down to the lower right a [[Nuclear power|nuclear reactor]] provides power during the night of if a [[Dust storms|dust storm]] blocks the light for the photovoltaics.  The [[Nuclear power|Kilopower]] reactor can provide 10 kW  of power, or 240 kWh of electrical energy per day continuously for 10 years or more.  it rejects about 30 kW of heat.
−
[[File:Large reactor tile.JPG|left|frameless|50x50px]]
+
[[File:Large reactor tile.JPG|left|frameless|50x50px|link=Nuclear power]]
−
A larger, 1 MW reactor is required to power the settlement and produce propellant if solar is not used.  Such a reactor could produce 17 000 000 kWh in two years.
+
A larger, 1 MW reactor is required to power the settlement and produce propellant if solar is not used.  Such a reactor could produce 17 000 000 kWh in two years, so more than enough to fuel a Starship and grow all the settlement's food.  The reactor needs to be combined with cooling systems.
  
 
===Cooling===
 
===Cooling===
Line 56: Line 77:
  
 
===Vehicle maintenance===
 
===Vehicle maintenance===
−
[[File:Garage tile.JPG|left|frameless|40x40px]]
+
[[File:Garage tile.JPG|left|frameless|40x40px|link=transportation|garage]]
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A [[Transportation|garage]] is linked to the public area. Vehicle maintenance is critical to settlement operations, low temperatures and fine martian dust will be a maintenance challenge.  The facility may be pressurized or not.
+
A [[Transportation|garage]] is linked to the public area. Vehicle maintenance is critical to settlement operations, low temperatures and fine Martian dust will be a maintenance challenge.  The facility may be pressurized or not.
  
 
===Laydown areas===
 
===Laydown areas===
Line 66: Line 87:
 
[[File:Production tile.JPG|left|frameless|50x50px]]
 
[[File:Production tile.JPG|left|frameless|50x50px]]
 
A Manufacturing area processes [[In-situ resource utilization|in situ]] materials.  One module houses minerals processing facilities.  Two modules serve for water electrolysis and Sabatier reactor to provide Methane and Oxygen propellants. A third module has a glass furnace and a small steel plant. A wastewater treatment plant takes in water from the settlement and the industrial processes and cleans it for re use.
 
A Manufacturing area processes [[In-situ resource utilization|in situ]] materials.  One module houses minerals processing facilities.  Two modules serve for water electrolysis and Sabatier reactor to provide Methane and Oxygen propellants. A third module has a glass furnace and a small steel plant. A wastewater treatment plant takes in water from the settlement and the industrial processes and cleans it for re use.
 +
 +
===Atmospheric processing===
 +
[[File:Atmospheric extraction tile.JPG|left|frameless|50x50px]]
 +
An [[Atmospheric processing|atmospheric processing]] plant extracts CO2 and nitrogen, perhaps argon, from the Martian atmosphere.  The plant needs to process about 500 tonnes of atmosphere per year to provide propellant for a Starship. 
  
 
===Spaceport===
 
===Spaceport===
−
[[File:Spaceport tile.JPG|left|frameless|50x50px|alt=]]
+
[[File:Spaceport tile.JPG|left|frameless|50x50px|alt=|link=Transportation]]
 
A [[Transportation|spaceport]] provides a prepared surface for visiting ships to land on.  The surface is kept clean and free of dust to avoid blowing dust that could damage nearby installations.  Vibration and dust might favor a remote location.
 
A [[Transportation|spaceport]] provides a prepared surface for visiting ships to land on.  The surface is kept clean and free of dust to avoid blowing dust that could damage nearby installations.  Vibration and dust might favor a remote location.
  
 
===Roads===
 
===Roads===
−
[[File:Road tile.JPG|left|frameless|41x41px]]
+
[[File:Road tile.JPG|left|frameless|41x41px|link=Roads]]
 
[[Transportation|Roads]] link the various areas of the settlement together.  [[Rovers]] use these to move faster than over the original terrain.  The roads are made from local rock crushed to gravel and spread with automated or remote controlled bulldozers.
 
[[Transportation|Roads]] link the various areas of the settlement together.  [[Rovers]] use these to move faster than over the original terrain.  The roads are made from local rock crushed to gravel and spread with automated or remote controlled bulldozers.
  
 
===Mines===
 
===Mines===
−
[[File:Mine tile.JPG|left|frameless|61x61px]]
+
[[File:Mine tile.JPG|left|frameless|61x61px|link=Mining]]
−
Water ice and minerals are mined from the martian surface.  [[Waste Infrastructure|Water infrastructures]] provide water to the settlements various needs.
+
Water ice and minerals are mined from the Martian surface.  [[Waste Infrastructure|Water infrastructures]] provide water to the settlements various needs.
 +
 
 +
[[File:Settlement render.jpg|center|thumb|800x800px|A 3D view of a settlement designed with the tile-set shown in this page.  Entirely solar powered, it has less greenhouses than the tile-set image but a lot more solar cells.  Note that the Spaceport seems dangerously close to the settlement.  Probably best to put it at the end of a long road!]]
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Design parameters
 +
!Requirement
 +
!m2/person
 +
!W/m2 lighting
 +
!W/m2 heat
 +
!Notes
 +
|-
 +
|Living areas
 +
|25-40
 +
|10
 +
|
 +
|Cultural and time dependent factor.  The longer the time, the more space is required.
 +
|-
 +
|Circulation
 +
|
 +
|5
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Laboratories
 +
|
 +
|20
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Greenhouses
 +
|325
 +
|600
 +
|Provided by light
 +
|Food from Earth reduces greenhouse areas.  Grow rooms are an alternative. On 12h per day.
 +
|-
 +
|Habitat power
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Fuel production
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|One Starship refueling requires 9 000 000 kWh of energy or 4 500 000 kWh per year.
 +
|-
 +
|Food production
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|One person requires 365 000 kWh of energy per year.
 +
|}
 +
Notes:
 +
 
 +
#Food production is approximative and might be reduced using natural lighting and very efficient crop growth.
 +
#One Starship requires 940 tonnes of oxygen and 260 tonnes of Methane

Latest revision as of 06:18, 8 July 2021

This page shows a typical early settlement for about 24 people and includes links to Marspedia pages about the various settlement facilities and their characteristics. If you want to design your own Mars facility, this is a good place to start! The tiles used to build this image of a settlement measure 9m x 9m and are mostly to scale. The design parameters for the settlement are in the table at the bottom of the page.


Facilities

Water storageHealth careHabitatResearchHabitatLay down areaRaw materials storagePropellant and gas storageGreenhousePublic servicesPhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaicsElectricitySpaceportNuclear powerMiningNuclear powerPhotovoltaicsProductionMaintenance
Early Mars settlement. Clicking one of the buildings links you to a Marspedia page about the facility.

Storage

At the top of the settlement plan you find a water storage tank, that feeds a water treatment facility. Storage is also provides for other resources, such as gases or minerals like silica sand, iron ore and calcium carbonate.

Solar energy can be backed up by chemical energy stored in the rocket propellant produced by the settlement. Short term back up would probably be provided by batteries, while longer term back up in the event of a large dust storm could come from an electrical generator with a methane powered motor.

Housing, Lodging circulation and offices

Housing tile.JPG

Illustrated here are three buried inflatable habitats, that serve for housing, lodging and office space. They are connected by circulation corridors with multiple connection points. Area of 40 m2 per person. Life support would be distributed between the habitats.

Infirmary

An infirmary type health facility is provided near the habitats.

Lab

Research facilities will house a large part of the settlement's early activities.

Greenhouses

Four greenhouses produce food, but also do some atmospheric processing. With a total growing area of about 1400m2, extra artificial lighting and year long production at a rate of 3 to 6 kg/m2, the greenhouses could produce 4 to 8 tonnes of food per year, or up to one third of the food needed per year for the colony. The rest of the food would come from Earth.

Public spaces

Dome tile.jpgA large dome, 26m in diameter, serves as a public space as do all the connecting/circulation nodes between the modules.

Power

Electricity

Solar and nuclear power need to be routed through power distribution systems, that will include battery storage in the case of solar power. Transformers, power electronics and rectifiers are also expected to be included in these systems.

Solar

Power is provided by photovoltaic power arrays. Each illustrated 8x8m array can produce 40 kWh of energy per day and a peak power of 11 kW. The 18 arrays shown provide 180 kW; this is enough power for the settlement, but more power would be required for propellant production and intensive, rather than experimental, food production. To fuel a single starship would require about 9 000 000 kWh of energy, the entire output of 300 tiles for two years.

Solar angled tile.JPG

Tracking solar arrays offer the same peak power but provide more energy. If the structure is manufactured on Mars, the overall cost may be reduced compared to fixed arrays. These arrays produce up to 60 kWh of energy per day, reducing the number of arrays required by 40% to 200.

Nuclear

Reactor tile.JPG

Down to the lower right a nuclear reactor provides power during the night of if a dust storm blocks the light for the photovoltaics. The Kilopower reactor can provide 10 kW of power, or 240 kWh of electrical energy per day continuously for 10 years or more. it rejects about 30 kW of heat.

Large reactor tile.JPG

A larger, 1 MW reactor is required to power the settlement and produce propellant if solar is not used. Such a reactor could produce 17 000 000 kWh in two years, so more than enough to fuel a Starship and grow all the settlement's food. The reactor needs to be combined with cooling systems.

Cooling

Cooling tile.JPG

Nuclear reactors and industrial processes require cooling. A forced convection cooling unit, about 6m x 6m, could provide about 250 kW of cooling, so 12 would be required for the 1 MWe reactor, rejecting 3 MWt.

Vehicle maintenance

garage

A garage is linked to the public area. Vehicle maintenance is critical to settlement operations, low temperatures and fine Martian dust will be a maintenance challenge. The facility may be pressurized or not.

Laydown areas

Lay-down tile.JPG

Two laydown areas have been leveled to provide a smooth surface to store containers, finished products and inactive spaceships. The two first automated cargo ships to Reach Mars are located here.

Manufacturing

Production tile.JPG

A Manufacturing area processes in situ materials. One module houses minerals processing facilities. Two modules serve for water electrolysis and Sabatier reactor to provide Methane and Oxygen propellants. A third module has a glass furnace and a small steel plant. A wastewater treatment plant takes in water from the settlement and the industrial processes and cleans it for re use.

Atmospheric processing

Atmospheric extraction tile.JPG

An atmospheric processing plant extracts CO2 and nitrogen, perhaps argon, from the Martian atmosphere. The plant needs to process about 500 tonnes of atmosphere per year to provide propellant for a Starship.

Spaceport

A spaceport provides a prepared surface for visiting ships to land on. The surface is kept clean and free of dust to avoid blowing dust that could damage nearby installations. Vibration and dust might favor a remote location.

Roads

Road tile.JPG

Roads link the various areas of the settlement together. Rovers use these to move faster than over the original terrain. The roads are made from local rock crushed to gravel and spread with automated or remote controlled bulldozers.

Mines

Mine tile.JPG

Water ice and minerals are mined from the Martian surface. Water infrastructures provide water to the settlements various needs.

A 3D view of a settlement designed with the tile-set shown in this page. Entirely solar powered, it has less greenhouses than the tile-set image but a lot more solar cells. Note that the Spaceport seems dangerously close to the settlement. Probably best to put it at the end of a long road!
Design parameters
Requirement m2/person W/m2 lighting W/m2 heat Notes
Living areas 25-40 10 Cultural and time dependent factor. The longer the time, the more space is required.
Circulation 5
Laboratories 20
Greenhouses 325 600 Provided by light Food from Earth reduces greenhouse areas. Grow rooms are an alternative. On 12h per day.
Habitat power
Fuel production One Starship refueling requires 9 000 000 kWh of energy or 4 500 000 kWh per year.
Food production One person requires 365 000 kWh of energy per year.

Notes:

  1. Food production is approximative and might be reduced using natural lighting and very efficient crop growth.
  2. One Starship requires 940 tonnes of oxygen and 260 tonnes of Methane
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