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• Metamorphic rock
  ...ially the same, the type of metamorphic rock that forms will depend on the rock from which it was formed and the temperature to which it was exposed.<ref n ...eous rock]], where the cooling magma that formed the intrusive rock heated rock that had already existed in the area.
  1 KB (158 words) - 11:19, 17 December 2018
• Igneous rock
  ...s called lava) before solidifying, it is called an '''extrusive''' igneous rock. ...lowed onto the surface; therefore would be considered an extrusive igneous rock. It is fine-grained and dark since it contains dark minerals.<ref>https://
  1 KB (226 words) - 08:52, 25 August 2021

Page text matches

• Metamorphic rock
  ...ially the same, the type of metamorphic rock that forms will depend on the rock from which it was formed and the temperature to which it was exposed.<ref n ...eous rock]], where the cooling magma that formed the intrusive rock heated rock that had already existed in the area.
  1 KB (158 words) - 11:19, 17 December 2018
• Igneous rock
  ...s called lava) before solidifying, it is called an '''extrusive''' igneous rock. ...lowed onto the surface; therefore would be considered an extrusive igneous rock. It is fine-grained and dark since it contains dark minerals.<ref>https://
  1 KB (226 words) - 08:52, 25 August 2021
• Sand
  ...also a fair portion of iron oxide. Sand is unconsolidated. Sandstone is a rock made from consolidated sand.<ref>Sepp, Siim. n.d. [https://www.sandatlas.or
  1 KB (218 words) - 18:46, 9 December 2019
• Graphite
  Graphite occurs on Earth in [[igneous rock|igneous]] and [[metamorphic rock]], sometimes as metamorphosed [[coal]]. It can also be found in [[limestone
  1 KB (179 words) - 16:48, 17 December 2018
• Volatiles
  ...nce is located. For example, water is volatile on Earth but water ice is a rock-hard mineral on Pluto.
  348 bytes (55 words) - 13:35, 10 November 2020
• Flotation
  ...mother rock called the gangue. Mechanical crushing and milling break the rock down into fine powders where the individual ore particles are separate from
  2 KB (251 words) - 12:05, 4 November 2020
• Artificial cave
  ...lized and reinforced with a liner to hold in the air pressure. All surface rock formations are expected to be fractured and contain voids, so pressurizatio ...the ground area will be about 3 x 1000m or 3000m2. The volume of removed rock is 20 000 m3, while the useful final volume is 12000 m3. Clearly it would
  4 KB (609 words) - 08:50, 25 January 2023
• Digging machine
  ...oviding radiation protection through underground construction and, if the rock is of good enough quality, structure for the habitat. ...ost tunnel boring machines include a liner installation system, as well as rock bolt installations and grouting for gaps between the liners and the excavat
  3 KB (446 words) - 10:26, 2 May 2024
• Hydrothermal vents
  ...eating through volcanism or asteroid impact circulates through a volume of rock. the water dissolves minerals, that condense out at the exit points, the h
  778 bytes (109 words) - 10:05, 26 January 2021
• Caves
  ...ctly, due to cracks and flaws in the rock, of lack of mass in the covering rock. In such a case the caves could serve as radiation shelters and the habita
  3 KB (418 words) - 08:32, 9 May 2019
• Silica
  Silica is produced by mining silica bearing rocks. Rock with a high proportion of silica is crushed until the silica crystals are s
  747 bytes (116 words) - 12:46, 15 May 2023
• Bacteria Colonists
  ...radiation, and cold above. Bacteria grow for an hour a day, but when the rock is shadowed (or at night) the water freezes and the bacteria become dormant
  4 KB (603 words) - 01:01, 12 August 2022
• Compressed-air
  ...s are lined with an impermeable membrane, the structure of the surrounding rock may be sufficient to contain the pressure. The entrances to the cave or tub
  1 KB (188 words) - 19:55, 25 December 2019
• Hellas Planitia
  ...aphy, flowed downhill, and is now protected from sublimation by a layer of rock debris and dust. Sublimation is when a solid changes directly to a gas with ...38.</ref> So, it seems that large masses of ice have pushed up layers of rock into domes that were eroded. After erosion removed the top of the layered
  4 KB (676 words) - 20:14, 7 January 2020
• Gusev Crater
  ...One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Christensen P | year = | ...pg |thumb|200px|right|Labeled diagram showing a cross section of a typical rock from Gusev plains]]
  6 KB (917 words) - 19:04, 8 January 2020
• ATHLETE
  * Climb slopes of 35° on rock and 25° on soft sand
  1 KB (182 words) - 11:55, 17 December 2018
• Olympus Mons
  ===Rock=== ...Mons stands in one of the dustiest regions of Mars. This would likely make rock samples hard to come by and the dust layer would also likely cause severe m
  5 KB (853 words) - 20:54, 20 August 2021
• Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle
  ...gle contains a few very interesting craters. One contains a strange white rock in the center. Another crater, Schiaparelli, is a large, easily located cr ...reds of kilometers, and in the process it dissolved many minerals from the rock it passed through. When ground water surfaces in low areas containing sedi
  14 KB (2,201 words) - 16:09, 16 November 2023
• ISRU timeline
  |Rock
  2 KB (221 words) - 12:29, 29 October 2019
• Lichen
  ...er and some species of [[moth]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_tripe Rock tripe] is a species of that is eaten by humans, and is used in the cuisine
  2 KB (289 words) - 18:31, 25 July 2020
• Sulfuric acid
  ...he form of SO₃ it can represent up to 37% by weight of certain rock formations. SO₃ + H₂O can produce sulfuric acid, alt
  1 KB (228 words) - 16:44, 4 October 2022
• Yttrium
  ...nd 150 ppm (dry weight average of 23 ppm) and in sea water at 9 ppt. Lunar rock samples collected during the American Apollo Project have a relatively high
  1 KB (220 words) - 06:49, 22 June 2021
• Water Infrastructure
  ...ate.net/figure/Compressive-strength-and-density-of-ice-versus-a-variety-of-rock-types-data-from_fig3_272743517</ref> so drilling might not be too much work ...205_3.pdf</ref>, or 36 kJ/kg. With the reduced shear strength compared to rock, then crushing it might require something like 3 kJ/kg or less. This is tw
  6 KB (1,037 words) - 08:00, 1 May 2024
• Noctis Labyrinthus
  ...break up into large boulders or blocks are thought to be formed from hard rock like basalt from the many volcanoes on the planet. In many places, however ...undreds of kilometers, and in the process dissolved many minerals from the rock it passed through. When ground water surfaces in low areas containing sedi
  5 KB (770 words) - 06:38, 23 March 2020
• Martian Meteorites
  A Martian [[meteorite]] is a piece of rock that has been ejected from Mars via meteoritic impact or volcanic eruption ...at do not contain round chondrate spherules. An orthopyroxenite(OPX) is a rock made of orthopyroxene and pyroxenite. ALH 84001 has gotten more attention
  9 KB (1,466 words) - 08:56, 25 August 2021
• Ritchey Crater
  ...layers from erosion. Under this hard, dark layer is a softer, light-toned rock that breaks into small boulders. The layers might be formed of volcanic ash ...s containing clay minerals in Ritchey Crater. Impact melt is created when rock melted during an impact cools and hardens. <ref>Sun, V., and R. Milliken.
  7 KB (1,047 words) - 15:31, 2 September 2021
• Deimos
  ...(the inner moon is [[Phobos]].) [[w:Deimos_(moon)|Deimos]] is composed of rock rich in carbonaceous material. Although the surface is noticeably smoother
  2 KB (328 words) - 14:46, 8 July 2019
• Volcano
  ...hot material from the interior of the body erupts onto the surface. Molten rock underground (magma) breaks thru to the surface where it becomes ash, lava o ..., which is very small. It is formed when lava flows over wet, sedimentary rock. The water boils, blasting up thru the lava field, leaving a field of smal
  9 KB (1,402 words) - 11:52, 5 January 2023
• Radioactive Rarity on Mars
  ...anic eruptions will bring mantle material to the surface. U/Th/K, are all rock-loving minerals so this might help to explain their relative rarity. In ot Granite on Earth is generated with water rich rock (from subducting oceanic plates) and volcanic eruptions. Granite is common
  13 KB (2,091 words) - 19:37, 29 November 2022
• Mining
  ...rth is largely done with an initial phase using explosives to fracture the rock for removal to a processing plant. This might not be the most practical me ...e efficient to dig tunnels to access the ore than to remove the overlaying rock and regolith. Since Mars has only about 38% as much gravity as Earth<ref>Mc
  5 KB (727 words) - 09:30, 26 September 2022
• Metallurgy
  ...and temperatures can form carbonyls. Metal atoms leave the surface of the rock or dust, and form a toxic liquid formed of a metal ion surrounded by severa
  2 KB (302 words) - 12:54, 29 November 2022
• Foundation
  ...ore there is no soil. The material on the Martian surface is either sand, rock or [[regolith]]. Large areas of Mars appear to be covered with lava flows and rock. The foundations required on such materials would be minimal. As there is
  6 KB (921 words) - 14:27, 3 October 2022
• Mineral
  Minerals can be formed by crystallization of magma (molten rock) deep within a planet. When the magma cools, certain elements combine to fo
  3 KB (404 words) - 20:23, 25 December 2019
• Jezero Crater
  The Mars 2020 rover mission will be able to examine at least 5 types of rock, including clays and carbonates.<ref>https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php ...tps://mars.nasa.gov/news/9029/nasas-perseverance-rover-collects-first-mars-rock-sample/</ref>
  21 KB (3,176 words) - 08:06, 26 October 2023
• Mars Music
  ...nt to Go to Mars” by ''The'' ''Birdwatchers'' and written in more of a pop-rock style. ..."Life on Mars."[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZKcl4-tcuo] There is the rock band called ''30 Seconds to Mars''. One of its founders, Jared Leto, descri
  8 KB (1,296 words) - 18:12, 10 November 2020
• Crew 177 - Journalism Reports
  Today four crew members went out on EVA to Candor Chasm and collected five rock samples to conduct chemistry experiments on, later this week in the lab. Th After lunch, the five rock samples were taken to the lab and prepared for testing later this week by b
  9 KB (1,665 words) - 16:45, 7 March 2019
• Spirit
  *Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) ...e. One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be removed by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT).<ref>Christensen P (August 2004). "Initial Results from
  15 KB (2,283 words) - 14:41, 9 February 2019
• Fretted terrain
  ...al debris. Icarus: 34. 600-613.</ref> At first, they appeared to resemble rock glaciers on Earth. But scientists could not be sure. Even after the [[Mars Besides rock-covered glaciers around mesas, the region had many steep-walled valleys wit
  10 KB (1,447 words) - 11:21, 8 January 2024
• Opportunity
  *Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) ==Rock and mineral discoveries at Meridiani Planum==
  21 KB (3,231 words) - 07:10, 7 January 2020
• Crater
  ...ts impacting the [[Mars]] surface cause highly energetic impacts, ejecting rock, [[regolith|dust]] and gases into the atmosphere and surrounding landscape.
  3 KB (411 words) - 02:24, 24 March 2021
• Storm shelter
  ...ly. [[Water]], which is two-thirds hydrogen, is another shielding option. Rock, regolith and concrete are all options if the equipment is available to arr
  3 KB (481 words) - 08:59, 26 May 2022
• Margaritifer Terra
  ...region display layers. Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. Rock can form layers in a variety of ways. Volcanoes, wind, or water can produc
  3 KB (470 words) - 06:47, 23 March 2020
• Crew 189 EVA Reports
  – White Rock Canyon: 12S-520200E-4247500N ...ents are supporting the desert conditions perfectly. We then went to white rock canyon for exploration and photography. The walk went perfectly, the temper
  14 KB (2,328 words) - 11:13, 24 March 2019
• Crew 200 EVA Reports
  ...eam Bed. Arrived at the Hab at 9:50, we took Opportunity to go to Robert’s Rock Garden, applying the same communication protocol. From there we walked alon Destination: Galileo Road (up to Cowboy Corner) + Robert’s Rock Garden
  7 KB (1,162 words) - 16:23, 7 March 2019
• Crew 167 EVA Reports
  ...compass. At the second stop, we performed the same analyses on the various rock layers in the canyon. We returned well, safe, and informed. 12 N 518524 4249129 (sedimentary rock field)
  25 KB (3,682 words) - 18:30, 11 November 2019
• Surface composition
  Rock formations on the surface are primarily composed of basalt - a consequence ...va flows, similar to [[exd:andesitic|andesitic]] rocks found on [[Earth]] (rock which crystallizes from silicate minerals at intermediate temperatures).
  5 KB (782 words) - 17:06, 25 November 2021
• Alumina
  On Earth, corundum mainly occurs in [[metamorphic rock]], as well as in [[alluvial deposits]].<ref name="Cairncross" />
  4 KB (532 words) - 20:36, 25 May 2021
• Crew 195 Sol Summaries
  EVA to Robert’s Rock Garden (aka the martian graveyard) was undertaken by the intrepid MDRS 195
  4 KB (553 words) - 18:20, 7 March 2019
• Syrtis Major quadrangle
  ...moving along cracks or faults in the rock. When they cool, walls of hard rock may be formed after being exposed by the erosion of softer, surrounding mat ...moves underground than what formed volcanoes. In other words, more liquid rock was under the surface than in the many massive Martian volcanoes.<ref>Crisp
  21 KB (3,097 words) - 15:11, 8 May 2023
• Terra Sirenum
  ...of Mars, ice could survive for long periods under a few meters of dirt and rock. <ref> Head, J. W.; et al. (2006). "Extensive valley glacier deposits in ...e; consequently making these cracked mounds. Since ice is less dense than rock, it probably pushed upwards on the surface and made these spider web-like p
  10 KB (1,480 words) - 17:48, 9 November 2020

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